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Historical Collections of Ohio

By Henry Howe

Vol. I

©1888

 

CLERMONT COUNTY

 

CLERMONT, the eighth county erected in the Northwestern Territory, was formed December 9, 1800, by proclamation of Gov. ST. CLAIR.  The name was probably derived from Clermont, in France.  The surface is generally rolling and quite broken near the Ohio, and the soil mostly rich.  The geological formation is the blue fossiliferous limestone interstratified with clay marl, and mostly covered with a rich vegetable mould.  It is well watered, and the streams furnish considerable water power.  Area, 440 square miles.  In 1885 the acres cultivated were 117,644; in pasture, 65,350; woodland, 31,265; lying waste, 13,662; produced in wheat, 65,387 bushels; corn, 1,219,477; and 3,152,566 pounds of tobacco, being alike with Brown, its neighbor, one of the finest and largest tobacco-growing counties of the State.  School children enrolled in 1886, 11,028, and teachers 234.  It has sixty-two miles of railroad track.  The following is a list of its townships, with their population in 1840 and 1880.

 

 

The population of the county in 1820 was 15,820; in 1840, 23,106; and in 1860, 33,034; and in 1880, 36,713, of whom 30,264 were Ohio-born.

 

The following facts in the history of the county are given as communicated for the first edition by Mr. Benjamin MORRIS; this gentleman, by profession a lawyer, died in 1862, aged seventy-five years.

 

In June, 1804, and in the 19^th year of my age, I came to Bethel, which, with Williamsburg, were the only towns in the county.  They were laid out about 1798 or ‘99, and were competitors for the county-seat.  When I came, Clermont was an almost unbroken wilderness, and the settlers few and far between.  In the language of the day, there were Denham’s town, now Bethel; Lytlestown, now Williamsburg; Witham’s settlement, now Withamsville; Apples’, Collins’, and Buchanan’s settlements.  The following are names of part of the settlers in and about Williamsburg, in 1804:–Wm. LYTEL, R. W. WARING, David C. BRYAN, James and Daniel KAIN, Nicholas SINKS, Jasper SHOTWELL, and Peter LIGHT.  Wm. LYTEL was the first clerk of the county, and was succeeded by R. W. WARING and David C. BRYAN.  Peter LIGHT was a justice of the peace under the territorial and State governments, and county surveyor.  Daniel KAIN was sheriff, and later justice of the peace under the State government.  David C. BRYAN represented the county several years in the State Legislature, before he was appointed clerk.  I was at Williamsburg at the sitting of the court of Common Pleas in June, 1804.  Francis DUNLAVY was the presiding judge, and Philip GATCH, Ambrose RANSOM, and John WOOD, associates, while the attendant lawyers were Jacob BURNET, Arthur ST. CLAIR–son of Gov. ST. CLAIR–Joshua COLLET, Martin MARSHALL and Thomas MORRIS.

 

 

 

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spicuous part in the anti-slavery movements of the day.  The most prominent political act of his life was his reply to a speech of Mr. CLAY.  He died suddenly, Dec. 7^th, 1844: Posterity only can judge of the correctness or incorrectness of his course.  A neat marble monument marks his resting place, near Bethel.  Jeremiah BECK and Henry WILLIS were farmers and justices of the peace.  Ulrey’s Run takes its name from Jacob ULREY, who settled on its west side in 1798, and was the earliest settler upon it.  The place is now known as “the ULREY farm.”  Bred in the wilds of Pennsylvania, he was a genuine backwoodsman, and a terror to the horse thieves, who infested the county at an early day.  Deer and bear were plenty around him, and a large portion of his time was passed in hunting them, for their skins.  The early settlers around him received substantial tokens of his generosity, by his supplying them with meat.

 

The first newspaper in Clermont, The Political Censor, was printed at Williamsburg, in 1813: it was edited by Thos. S. FOOT, Esq.; the second, called The Western American, was printed in the same town, in 1814: David MORRIS, Esq., editor.

 

A considerable number of the early settlers in Clermont were from Kentucky.  Of those before named the following were from that State:–R. W. WARING, Jasper SHOTWELL, Peter LIGHT, Obed and James DENHAM, Houton CLARK, John BOGGESS, Jeremiah BECK, Henry WILLIS and James SOUTH.  Nicholas SINKS was from Virginia, David C. BRYAN from New Jersey, and John and Thomas MORRIS the KAIN family (I believe) from Pennsylvania.  After 1804 the country increased rapidly by settlers from New Jersey, Kentucky and Pennsylvania, with some from Maryland, New England, and a few from North Carolina.

 

Neville was laid out in 1811, Gen. NEVILLE proprietor.  Point Pleasant and New Richmond were laid out about 1814; Jacob LIGHT proprietor of the latter.  George ELY laid out Batavia afterwards.  The early settlers about that place, as well as I remember, were George ELY, Ezekiel DIMMIT, Lewis DUCKWALL, Henry MILEY, Robert and James TOWNSLEY, Titus EVERHART and Wm. PATTERSON.  Before Milford was laid out, Philip GATCH, Ambrose RANSOM and John POLLOCK settled in its vicinity.  Philip GATCH was a member from Clermont of the convention which formed the State constitution, and for years after was associate judge.  RANSOM, as before stated, was associate judge; and John POLLOCK, for many years speaker of the house of representatives, and later, associate judge.  Philip GATCH was a Virginian.  He freed his slaves before emigrating, which circumstance led to his being selected as a member of the convention to form the State constitution.

 

The most prominent settlers in the south part of Clermont were the SARGEANT, PIGMAN, PRATHER, BUCHANAN and FEE families.  The oldest members of the SARGEANT family were the brothers James, John and Elijah.  They were from Maryland.  James, who had freed his slaves there, was, in consequence, chosen a member of the convention which formed the State constitution.  The SARGEANTS, who are now numerous in this part of the county, are uncompromising opponents of slavery.  The PIGMAN family were Joshua, sen., Joshua, jr., and Levi.  The BUCHANAN family were William, Alexander, Robert, Andrew, James, John, etc.  James BUCHANAN, the son of John, was at one time speaker of the Ohio house of representatives.  The BUCHANANS were from Pennsylvania, and the PIGMANS from Maryland.  There were several brothers of the FEE family, from Pennsylvania.  William, the most prominent, was the proprietor of Felicity, and a member of the legislature.  His brothers were Thomas, Elisha and Elijah; other early settlers were Samuel WALDREN, James DAUGHTERS and Elijah LARKIN, who has been postmaster at Neville for more than a quarter of a century.  In the vicinity of Withamsville the early settlers were Nathaniel and Gideon WITHAM, James WARD, Shadrach, Robert and Samuel LANE.  The Methodists were the most numerous in early times, and next the Baptists; there were but a few Presbyterians among the first settlers.

 

When I first came into the county, the “wet land,” of which there is such a large proportion in the middle and northern part, was considered almost worthless; but a great change has taken place in public opinion in relation to its value.  It is ascertained, that by judicious cultivation it rapidly improves in fertility.  At that time, these lands were covered by water more than half the summer, and we called them slashes: now the water leaves the surface in the woods, early in the spring.  Forty years ago, the evenings were cool as soon as the sun went down.  I have no recollections of warm nights, for many years after I came, and their coolness was a matter of general remark among the emigrants from the old States.  I believe it was owing to the immense forests that covered the country, and shut out the rays and heat of the sun from the surface of the ground, for after sunset there was no warm earth to impart heat to the atmosphere.

 

 

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GOODWIN; Surveyor, Geo. H. HILL; Coroner, Elijah V. DOWNS; Commissioners, O. H. HARDIN, Alfred HAYWOOD and Francis M. LINDSEY.  Batavia has 1 Methodist Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, 1 German United Brethren Churches.  One bank, First National, president, M. JAMESON; cashier, J. F. DIAL.  Newspapers: Clermont Advance, Prohibitionist, J. S. ROBINSON, proprietor and editor; Clermont Sun, Democratic, E. A. LOCKWOOD, S. CRAMER, editors; Clermont Courier, Republican, R. W. C. GREGG, J. S. HULICK, editors.

 

Manufactures.–STIRLING & MOORE, carriage and buggy works; J. F. SMITH & Co., shoe factory.  In 1840 Batavia had 537, and, in 1880, 1,015 inhabitants.

 

The First Cabin.–Ezekiel DIMMIT, a Virginian by birth, in the fall of 1797

 

Drawn by Henry Howe, 1856; standing in 1887

COUNTY BUILDINGS, BATAVIA

 

erected the first cabin in the township.  The following spring he made a little maple sugar and planted a few acres of corn on leased land at Columbia, fifteen miles away, where he went by following blazed paths through the dense woods.  A little corn, flax and potatoes were also planted around the cabin on partly cleared ground.  His nearest neighbor lived in a cabin seven miles distant.

 

Soon other settlers came in, and Ezekiel DIMMIT’S cabin afforded a friendly shelter to many a pioneer on the lookout for a new home.  Among these was the family of Charles ROBINSON, from Maryland, who having heard of the wonderful fertility of the Ohio country came to Clermont in 1806 and lived near the DIMMITS with his family until the next spring in a cabin put up for them near by, when he moved on to a farm of his own on Lucy’s run.

 

A Thrilling Adventure befell Mary ROBINSON in the succeeding winter: the oldest daughter, a robust young lady.  Mounting a spirited horse one afternoon, she started on an errand for Mrs. MITCHELL’S, some twelve miles distant.  A deep snow covered the ground, which delayed her, when night overtook her in the woods and the snow beginning to fall, it grew so dark that she could with difficulty see the blazed trees which indicated the bridle-path which she expected to follow.

 

 

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The name of Cornelius WASHBURN, or Neil WASHBURN as he was commonly called, is lastingly identified with the early history of this region.  This famous Indian hunter, so noted for his sagacity and courage from 1815 to 1833, lived near Williamsburg.  He was born in New Jersey in the year before the outbreak of the American Revolution.  He died “in his boots,” as the frontiersmen express it, being killed by the Indians in 1834 while acting as a hunter and scout for a fur-trading and trapping company on the Yellowstone.  This account of him we derived in 1846 from the lips of Thos. MCDONALD, the brother of the author of the sketches and the first person, as he sated to us, who erected a cabin in Scioto county.

 

THE EXPLOITS OF NEIL WASHBURN.

 

In the year ‘90, I first became acquainted with Neil WASHBURN, then a lad of sixteen, living on the Kentucky side of the Ohio, six miles below Maysville.  From his early years, he showed a disposition to follow the woods.  When only nine or ten, he passed his time in setting snares for pheasants and wild animals.  Shortly after, his father purchased for him a shot-gun, in the use of which he soon became unexcelled.  In the summer of ‘90, his father being out of fresh provisions, crossed the Ohio with him in a canoe, to shoot deer, at a lick near the mouth of Eagle creek.  On entering the creek, their attention was arrested by a singular hacking noise, some distance up the bank.  Neil landed, and with gun in hand, cautiously crawling up the river bank, discovered an Indian, about twenty feet up a hickory tree, busily engaged in cutting around the bark, to make a canoe, in which he probably anticipated the gratification of crossing the river and committing depredations upon the Kentuckians.  However this may have been, his meditations and work were soon brought to a close, for the intrepid boy no sooner saw the dusky form of the savage, than he brought his gun to a level with his eye, and fired: the Indian fell dead to the earth, with a heavy sound.  He hastily retreated to the canoe, from fear of the presence of other Indians, and recrossed the Ohio.  Early the next morning a party of men, guided by Neil, visited the spot, and found the body of the Indian at the foot of the tree.  Neil secured the scalp, and the same day showed it, much elated, to myself and others, in the town of Washington, in Mason.  Several persons in the village made him presents, as testimonials of their opinion of his bravery.

 

In the next year, he was employed as a spy between Maysville and the mouth of the Little Miami, to watch for Indians, who were accustomed to cross the Ohio into Kentucky, to steal and murder.  While so engaged, he had some encounters with them, in which his unerring rifle dealt death to several of their number.  One of these was at the mouth of Bullskin, on the Ohio side.

 

In ‘92, the Indians committed such great depredations upon the Ohio, between the Great Kanawha and Maysville, that Gen. LEE, the government agent, in employing spies endeavored to get some of them to go up the Ohio, above the Kanawha, and warn all single boats not to descend the river.  None were found sufficiently daring to go, but Neil.  Furnished with an elegant horse, and well armed, he started on his perilous mission.  He met with no adventures until after crossing the Big Sandy.  This he swam on his horse, and had reached about a half a mile beyond, when he was suddenly fired upon by a party of Indians, in ambush.  His horse fell dead, and the Indians gave a yell of triumph; but Neil was unhurt.  Springing to his feet, he bounded back like a deer, and swam across the Big Sandy, holding his rifle and ammunition above his head.  Panting from exertion, he rested upon the opposite bank to regain his strength, when the Indians, whooping and yelling, appeared on the other side, in full pursuit.  Neil drew up, shot one of their number, and then continued his retreat down the Ohio, but meeting and exchanging shots with others, he saw it was impossible to keep the river valley in safety, and striking his course more inland to evade his enemies, arrived safely at Maysville.

 

In the fall of the same year, he was in the action with KENTON and others against TECUMSEH, in what is now Brown county.  WASHBURN continued as a spy throughout the war, adding the “sagacity of the lion to the cunning of the fox.”  He was with WAYNE in his campaign, and at the battle of the Fallen Timbers manifested his usual prowess.

 

Neil WASHBURN was in person nearly six feet in height, with broad shoulders, small feet, and tapered beautifully from his chest down.  He was both powerful and active.  His eyes were blue, his hair light, and complexion fair.  A prominent Roman nose alone marred the symmetry of his personal  appearance.

 

MILFORD is a picturesque location on the Little Miami eighteen miles above Cincinnati, and is connected with the Little Miami railroad by a bridge.  Population in 1880, 1,047.  School census in 1886, 315; S. T. DIAL, superintendent.

 

 

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preacher, organized a church here in his cabin, which is the oldest Methodist society in Ohio, and supposed to be the first church organized in the great North-west.  He had left Kentucky in 1795 through his hatred of slavery, and settled just north of the site of the village.  This founder of Methodism north of the Ohio was a giant in stature, with a well-developed head, florid face and benevolent expression.  Early in life he had been a soldier in the American Revolution and served under LAFAYETTE at Yorktown.  Prominent among his small congregation were Ezekiel DIMMIT and wife and John and Phoebe MITCHELL, four pioneers residing near where Batavia now stands, who went to Parson MCCORMICK’S, a distance of twelve miles through dense woods, to hear him preach.  Uncle Zeke DIMMIT was the first class-leader, and at his old log-cabin the earliest prayer and speaking meetings were held, beginning in the fall of 1797.  A few years later he with others organized a church now known as the Methodist church in Batavia.

 

In 1799 the very eminent Rev. Philip GATCH settled alongside of MCCORMICK.  He was born near Baltimore in 1751; in 1774 he and William WALTERS took appointments as Methodist ministers and were the first native preachers in America to serve a circuit.  He was very zealous, and as Methodism was not favorable received became subject to violent abuse.  He was tarred by a mob, his eyesight injured permanently, and he narrowly escaped death at their hands.  On account of his position on slavery he was selected as a member of the first Constitutional Convention, and for twenty-two years was an associate judge of Clermont.

 

In 1817 DIMMIT and his associates began the erection of a stone meeting house at Batavia, and which was used by the society until Sunday evening, May 15, 1887, when the old bell rang out its notes for the last time for a farewell meeting within its venerable walls; a very interesting occasion, it being the most historic landmark in this region.  It had been largely used for public meetings.  Here the “Clermont boys” on their return from the Mexican war were given a warm welcome, and here was rallied the first Clermont company for the Union in the war of the rebellion.  The old building now altered is used for a shoe factory.

 

The First Camp Meeting in Clermont and possibly in Ohio was held near Zeke DIMMIT’S in October, 1815, at which a great crowd was present and many were converted.  The meeting was chiefly conducted by that celebrated and eccentric itinerant Lorenzo DOW.  He travelled through the United States from fifteen to twenty times visiting the wilderness parts, often preaching where a sermon was never heard before.  Occasionally he went to Canada, and made three voyages to England and Ireland, where as elsewhere he drew crowds around him, attracted by his long flowing beard and hair, singularly wild demeanor and pungency of speech.  During the thirty years of his public life he must have travelled nearly two hundred thousand miles.

 

So great a factor was he in the religious history of Ohio and the “new countries” generally that the pioneers about the year 1830 largely named their boy babes “Lorenzo DOW,” as in 1824, the period of General LAFAYETTE’S visit to the United States, boy babes were named after him.  Those then named, the “Lorenzo Dows” and “Lafayettes,” are now, when living, old men.

 

PICKETT, in his “History of Alabama,” avers that he was the earliest Protestant preacher in that State; says he: “Down to this period–in 1803–no Protestant preacher had ever raised his voice to remind the Tombigbee and Tensaw settlers of their duty to the Most High.  Hundreds, born and bred in the wilderness, and now adult men and women, had never seen a preacher.  The mysterious and eccentric Lorenzo DOW one day suddenly appeared at the boat yard.  He came from Georgia, across the Creek nation, encountering its dangers almost alone.  He proclaimed the truths of the gospel here to a large audience, crossed over the Alabama and preached two sermons to the ‘Bigbee settlers,’ and went from thence to the Natchez settlements, where he also exhorted the people to turn from the error of their ways.  He then visited the Cumberland region and Kentucky, and came back to the Tombigbee, filling his appointments to the very day.  Again plunging into the Creek nation this holy man of God once more appeared among the people of Georgia.”

 

 

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LORENZO DOW

[So important a person was Lorenzo Dow in the religious history of Ohio and the “new countries” generally that the pioneers largely named their boy babes from him.  We saw him when on June 30, 1832, the drawing in the lower picture was made by our old friend, Mr. John W. Barber, and it agrees with our memory as to his swaying attitude.  He was in truth a wild-looking creature.]

 

 

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threw the reins over the neck of the pony and stepped upon the log, took off his hat, his hair parted in the middle of his head, and flowing on either side to his shoulders, his beard resting on his breast.  In a minute at the top of his voice he said: ‘”Behold, I come quickly, and my reward is with me.”  My subject is repentance.  We sing, “While the lamp holds out to burn, the vilest sinner may return.”  That idea has done much harm, and should be received with many grains of allowance.  There are cases where it would be easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a man to repent unto salvation.  Let me illustrate.  Do you suppose that the man among you who went out last fall to kill his deer and bear for winter meat, and instead killed his neighbors’ hogs, salted them down, and is now living on the meat, can repent while it is unpaid for?  I tell you nay.  Except he restores a just compensation his attempt at repentance will be the basest hypocrisy.  Except ye repent truly, ye shall all likewise perish.’  He preached some thirty minutes.  Down he stepped, mounted his pony, and in a few minutes was moving on through the woods at a rapid pace to meet another appointment.”

 

On another occasion, it has been said, having been informed that the people thereabouts had suffered from the depredations of a hog thief, he took occasion to state to an assemblage whom he was addressing, that he felt certain that the thief was among them.  Then stooping down he picked up a stone, and said: “Now I am going to throw this stone at him,” at the same time making a motion as if to throw it, whereupon an individual in the crowd dodged.  “That’s him,” exclaimed DOW, pointing to the conscience-striken individual.  The people called him Crazy DOW; his wife Peggy accompanied him in his travels.  He introduced camp meetings in England.

 

BETHEL, on the line of the C. G. & P. R. R. and Ohio turnpike, in a fine country.  It has 2 Methodist, 1 Christian, and 1 Baptist church, and in 1880 582 inhabitants.  The place was settled in 1797 by Obed DENHAM, a Virginian, on account of his abhorrence of slavery.

 

A Witch Story.–In the early settlement a family by the name of HILDEBRAND accused one of their neighbors, Nancy EVANS, of being a witch.  Although the statutes of Ohio made no provision for cases of this kind, they persuaded a justice of the peace to take the matter in hand.  A tradition prevailed that if a witch was weighed against the Bible she would be compelled to tip the beam.  A rude scale was made, and in the presence of the neighbors, with the Bible at one end and Nancy EVANS at the other, she was thus adjured: “Nancy EVANS, thou art weighed against the Bible to try thee against witch-craftry and diabolical practices.”  This being done in the name of the law, and with a profound respect for the word of God, had a solemn and conclusive effect.  Nancy was of course too heavy for the Bible; an excellent woman, who willingly submitted to this novel process to bring peace of mind to her ignorant, deluded neighbors, whom she pitied.

 

Bethel is noted for the number of prominent characters who have dwelt there.  SAMUEL MEDARY, from Pennsylvania, came to Bethel almost destitute; with twenty-five cents capital opened a school, and in 1828 started a newspaper, the Ohio Sun, now the Clermont County Sun, at Batavia.  MEDARY was no printer, but he edited it, delivered it personally to the subscribers, and taught school at the same time.  He eventually moved to Columbus, and as editor of the Statesman and Crisis, became the most influential editor of the Democratic party in the State.  Late in life he was territorial governor of Kansas and Nebraska.  He was genial, possessed business tact and force of character.  Prof. DAVID SWING, D. D., the eminent divine, was born near the village.  Two eminent Methodist divines were identified with the history of the county: Rev. Dr. RANDOLPH SWING FOSTER, who was born here, and Rev. STEPHEN M. MERRILL, who passed his youth here.  The noted Gen. THOMAS L. HAMER, in 1818, came to Bethel a poor, friendless boy, and found a home in the family of Thomas MORRIS, with whom he studied law.

 

JESSE R. GRANT, the father of Gen. GRANT, bought a home at Bethel about 1845, where he lived ten or twelve years.  While he was there the general, at that time just from the Academy at West Point, and later from the Mexican campaign, visited his father, and passed a number of months in the quiet village.  The general’s father carried on a tannery, and in 1852 was elected mayor.  His duties were partly magisterial, and one of his first was to try some of the village roughs for fighting, on which occasion he used the finishing-room of his tannery for a court-room.  The place was crowded, and the better to see some of the small boys mounted a pile of hides.  The pile was totlish, and the leather slid, and one urchin landed precipitately into a tub of Father GRANT’S oil, which afforded as much diversion as the fight itself.

 

 

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was far beyond the time in which he lived.”  In 1637, Thomas MORRIS, the first representative of the family, a name prominent in English history and patriotism, settled in Massachusetts.  Isaac, the father of Thomas MORRIS, was born in Berks county, Pa., in 1740, and his mother, Ruth HENTON, in 1750, being the daughter of a Virginia planter.  Nine sons and three daughters were born to them.  Thomas, John, and Benjamin came to Ohio, finally settling in Clermont county.  Thomas was the fifth child, and was born January 3, 1776; soon after his birth his parents moved to Western Virginia, and settled near Clarksburg.  The father was a faithful minister of the Baptist church, preaching without failing in a single appointment for over sixty years, never taking a dose of medicine.  He died in 1830, aged ninety-one.  The mother of Thomas MORRIS refused her inheritance of four slaves.

 

At sixteen Thomas MORRIS shouldered his musket to repel the aggressions of the Indians, serving several months in Capt. Levi MORGAN’S rangers, stationed near Marietta.  At nineteen he was employed as a clerk in the store, at Columbia, of the then famous Baptist minister, Rev. John SMITH.  November 19, 1797, he married Rachel DAVIS, daughter of Benjamin DAVIS, from Lancaster, Pa.  In 1800 Thomas MORRIS and his wife removed from Columbia to Williamsburgh, where, in 1802, he commenced the study of

 

A. E. McCall, Photo., Bethel, 1887

MOUNMENT TO THOMAS MORRIS

Tombstone as of 2006

 

law, without friends, pecuniary means, or a preceptor, with a growing family and but few books.  After the hard labors of the day he studied at night by the light of hickory bark or from a brick-kiln which he was burning for the support of his family.  With resolute purpose and iron will he succeeded in over-coming these formidable difficulties, and in two years was admitted to the bar.  In 1804 he removed with his family to Bethel, and in 1806 was elected a representative from Clermont.

 

In the Legislature his abilities soon placed him among the most distinguished men of the State.  He labored for the equal right of all, and to conform the civil government to the principles of justice and Christian morality.  He opposed chartered monopolies, class legislation, and traffic in spirituous liquors, believing in a prohibitory high license.  He was a warm friend of the common schools, labored earnestly for the extinction of the law of imprisonment for debt, and advocated the doctrine of making all offices elective.  In 1828 he introduced a bill to allow juries before justices of the peace, and one the next year that judges should not charge juries on matters of fact.  In 1812 he obtained the passage of a bill allowing the head of a family to hold twelve sheep exempt from execution for debt.  In 1828 he endeavored to obtain a law taxing all chartered institutions and manufactories and exempting dwellings.  He foresaw the great future of Ohio, although he alone of the public men opposed the canal system, for he deemed it impracticable, and prophesied that in twenty years Ohio would be covered with a network of railroads and canals superseded.

 

An incident will illustrate the wonderful progress since that time.  When the Legislature adjourned in March, 1827, the mud roads were about impassable and streams overflowing their banks.  But Mr. MORRIS determined to overcome all obstacles, and with Col. Robert T. LYTLE embarked in a canoe or “dug-out” with their baggage, and after a passage of some hundred miles down the Scioto from Columbus in this frail craft reached Portsmouth, where they took a steam-boat , reaching home after a perilous journey of four days.  This transit now by rail takes less than four hours.

 

Thomas MORRIS was elected Senator in 1813, 1821, 1825, 1827, and 1831, and while occupying this position for the fifth time was elected United States Senator for the term of six years from March 4, 1833, having as colleagues from Ohio Thomas EWING (four years) and William ALLEN (two years).  On the opening of the United States Senatorial session in December, 1833, Mr. MORRIS became actively identified with the anti-slavery movements against the aggressions of the slave power.

 

 

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on all other subjects he was in full accord with it.  In Thomas MORRIS the apostles of human freedom found their first champion.  The Congress of 1837-38 saw a deep and agitated discussion of this question, and Mr. MORRIS replied to the arguments of John C. CALHOUN, in an able and elaborate speech, which attracted the attention of the whole country by its bold and truthful utterances.

 

February 7, 1839, Henry CLAY made a great speech, to counteract and arrest the public agitation of slavery; and two days after Thomas MORRIS replied to it, in the mightiest and crowning effort of his life, concluding with these prophetic words (golden in the light of subsequent events): “Though our national sins are many and grievous, yet repentance, like that of ancient Nineveh, may yet divert from us that impending danger which seems to hang over our heads as by a single hair.  That all may be safe, I conclude that the negro will yet be free.”

 

This noble speech startled the Senate, produced a marked sensation throughout the country, and electrified the warm hearts of humanity the world over.  John G. WHITTIER, the poet, then a young editor, said: “Thomas MORRIS stands confessed the lion of the day.”

 

Thomas MORRIS was far in advance of his time, and in less than a month after the delivery of his great startling speech he left the Senate and public life, a political exile, his party having refused to re-elect him to the Senate.  Mr. MORRIS soon became identified with the “Liberty Party,” and in 1844 was its candidate for Vice-President.  He died suddenly December 7, 1844, aged sixty-nine years, with his intellectual powers unimpaired by age, his physical system in vigorous activity, and his heart still warm in the cause of freedom.

 

WILLIAMSBURG has 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church.  Chair factory of S. D. MOUNT, 23 hands; C. H. BOULWARE & Bro., chair factory, 20; SNELL & WILLIAMS, planing-mill, 12.  Pork-packing, tobacco preparing, and tanning are carried on here.  Population in 1840, 385; in 1880, 795.

 

Williamsburg, as previously mentioned, was laid out in 1795-96 by Gen. William LYTLE and his brother, and was originally called Lytlestown.  His life was one of much incident.  He was the grandfather of Gen. Robert T. LYTLE, the poet-soldier, killed at the battle of Chickamanga.  The following facts respecting him are from Cist’s Advertiser:

 

Gen. William LYTLE was born in Cumberland, Pa., and in 1779 his family emigrated to Kentucky.  Previous to the settlement of Ohio young LYTLE was in several desperate engagements with the Indians, where his cool, heroic bravery won general admiration.  Before the treaty of Greenville, while making surveys in the Virginia military district in Ohio, he was exposed to incessant dangers, suffered great privations, and was frequently attacked by the Indians.  This business he followed for the greater portion of his life.  In the war of 1812 he was appointed major-general of Ohio militia, and in 1829 surveyor-general of the public lands of Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan.  In 1810 Gen. LYTLE removed from Williamsburg to Cincinnati, where he died in 1831.  As a citizen he was distinguished for public spirit and benevolence, and in his personal appearance and character strikingly resembled President JACKSON.  Beside the facts given under the head of Logan county, we have space for but a single anecdote, exhibiting his Spartan-like conduct at GRANT’S defeat in Indiana.  In that desperate action the Kentuckians, over-powered by nearly four times their number, performed feats of bravery scarcely equalled even in early border warfare.

 

In this struggle LYTLE, then hardly seventeen years of age, had both his arms shattered, his face powder-burnt, his hair singed to the roots, and nineteen bullets passed through his body and clothing.  In this condition, a retreat being ordered, he succeeded in bringing off the field several of his friends, generously aiding the wounded and the exhausted by placing them on horses, while he himself ran forward in advance of the last remnant of the retreating party to stop the only boat on the Ohio at that time which could take them over, and save them from the overwhelming force of their savage adversaries.