PERRY
COUNTY.
Page 382
PERRY
COUNTY was formed March 1, 1817, from Washington, Muskingum and
Fairfield, and
named from Commodore Oliver H. PERRY.
The surface is mostly rolling, and in the South hilly; the
soil is
clayey, and in the middle and northern part fertile.
Area about 410 square miles.
In 1887 the acres cultivated were 66,700; in pasture,
102,176; woodland,
33,929; lying waste, 2,487; produced in wheat, 159,585 bushels; rye,
2,898;
buckwheat, 212; oats, 54,621; barley, 108; corn, 517,542; meadow hay,
23,029
tons; clover hay, 883; potatoes, 34,286 bushels; tobacco, 500 lbs.;
butter,
431,940; sorghum, 2,087 gallons; maple syrup, 11,472; honey, 3,005
lbs.; eggs,
370,713 dozen; grapes, 20,286 lbs.; wine, 270 gallons; sweet potatoes,
1,643
bushels; apples, 3,944; peaches, 1,017; pears, 622; wool, 334,183 lbs.;
milch cows owned, 4,747.
Ohio mining statistics, 1888: Coal mined, 1,736,805 tons,
employing
3,301 miners and 433 outside employees; iron ore, 10,129 tons;
fire-clay, 45
tons; limestone, 4,217 tons burned for fluxing.
School census, 1888, 8,063; teachers, 195. Miles of railroad track,
139.
Township And
Census |
1840. |
1880. |
Township And
Census |
1840. |
1880. |
Bearfield, |
1,455 |
997 |
Monday
Creek, |
986 |
1,636 |
Clayton, |
1,602 |
1,164 |
Monroe, |
999 |
1,780 |
Coal, |
|
3,836 |
Pike, |
|
3,059 |
Harrison, |
1,034 |
1,562 |
Pleasant, |
|
1,053 |
Hopewell, |
1,544 |
1,284 |
Reading, |
3,936 |
3,367 |
Jackson, |
1,700 |
1,896 |
Salt
Lick, |
1,243 |
3,970 |
Madison, |
1,167 |
714 |
Thorn, |
2,006 |
1,900 |
Population
of Perry in 1820 was 8,459; 1830, 14,063; 1840, 19,340; 1860, 19,678;
1880,
28,218, of whom 22,528 were born in Ohio; 1,165, Pennsylvania; 523,
Virginia;
149, Kentucky; 136, New York; 48, Indiana; 1,346, England and Wales;
925,
Ireland; 269, Scotland; 249, German Empire; 56, British America; 39,
France;
and 17, Sweden and Norway. Census of 1890, 31,151.
COAL
AND IRON.
Perry
is the largest coal-producing county in the State.
It also produces large quantities of hematite
iron ore. A few
miles south of McLuney
Station, Bearfield township, a valuable deposit of
black-band ore has been
discovered and quite extensively worked on the WHITLOCK farm, for Maxahala furnace.
Within three miles of New Lexington, the so-called Baird
ore is mined quite
extensively on many farms. It
has been
demonstrated that the Baird ore of Perry county
is the
limestone ore of the Hanging Rock district.
Monday
Creek, Salt Lick, Coal and Monroe townships belong to the Hocking
Valley coal
field, constituting an important portion of what is known as the
“Great Vein”
territory, in which the Middle Kittanning seam ranges from five to
thirteen and
one-half feet in thickness.
The
coal mines of the northern and central townships of Perry are similar
in
character to those of Muskingum county;
they are
especially adapted to domestic uses and for making steam. The Columbus and Eastern
railroad is doing
much for the development of the coal fields of this region.
This
county was first settled by
Pennsylvania Germans, about the years 1802 and 1803.
Of the early settlers the names of the
following are recollected: John
Page
383
HAMMOND, David PUGH, Robt.
McCLUNG, Isaac BROWN,
John and Anthony CLAYTON, Isaac
REYNOLDS, Daniel SHEARER, Peter OVERMYER, Adam BINCKLEY, Wm. And Jacob
DUSENBURY*, John POORMAN, John FINCK, Daniel PARKINSON, John LASHLEY,
Peter
DITTOE, John DITTOE, and Michael DITTOE.
The first church erected in the county was at New Reading;
it was a
Lutheran church, of which the Rev. Mr. FOSTER was the pastor; shortly
after, a
Baptist church was built about three miles east of Somerset.
The
road through this county was, “from 1800 to 1815, the great
thoroughfare
between Kentucky, Indiana, Ohio and the Eastern States, or until
steamboat
navigation created a new era in the history of travellers—a
perpetual stream of
VIEW
AT THE COAL MINES,
SHAWNEE.
emigrants rolled Westward along its course, giving
constant occupation to hundreds of tavern-keepers, seated at short
distances
along its borders and consuming all the spare grain raised by the
inhabitants
for many miles north and south of its line.
Groups of merchants on horseback with led horses, laden
with Spanish
dollars, travelled by
easy stages every spring and
autumn along its route, congregated in parties of ten or twenty
individuals,
for mutual protection, and armed with dirks, pocket pistols, and
pistols in
holsters, as robberies sometimes took place in the more wilderness
parts of the
road. The goods,
when purchased, were wagoned
to Pittsburg and sent in large flat boats, or keel
boats, to their destination below, while the merchant returned on
horseback to
his home, occupying eight or ten weeks in the whole tour.”
Somerset in 1846.—Somerset, the
county-seat, is forty-three miles easterly from Columbus, on the
Macadamized
road leading from Zanesville to Lancaster, from each of which it is
eighteen
miles, or midway, which circumstance gave it, when originally laid out,
the
name of Middletown.
In
1807 John FINCK erected the first log-cabin in the vicinity of this
place. Having
purchased a half-section of land he
laid out, in 1810, the eastern part of the town; the western part was
laid out
by Jacob MILLER. They
became the first
settlers; the first died about eleven and the last about twenty years
since. The present
name, Somerset, was derived from
Somerset, Penn., from which place and vicinity most of the early
settlers
came. The board of
directors of the Lutheran seminary at Columbus have voted
to remove it
to this place. The
town contains 1
Lutheran, 2 Catholic and 1 Methodist church; 1 iron foundry, 1 tobacco
warehouse, 3 newspaper printing offices, 16 mercantile stores and about
1,400
inhabitants. A very
large proportion of
the population of the county are
Catholics. They
have in the town a nunnery, to which is
attached St. Mary’s seminary, a
Page 384
school for young
females. It is
well conducted and many Protestant families send their daughters here
to be
educated.—Old Edition.
About
two miles south of Somerset are the buildings shown in the annexed view. The elegant building in
the centre is St.
Joseph’s church, recently erected; on the right is seen the
convent building;
the structure partly shown beyond St.
Drawn by Henry Howe in 1846
SAINT
JOSEPH’S CHURCH AND CONVENT.
Joseph’s church is the oldest Catholic church in the State, the history
of which we give in an
extract from an article in the United
States Catholic Magazine for January, 1847, entitled,
“The Catholic Church
in Ohio.”
The first
chapel of which we have any authentic record that was ever consecrated
to
Almighty God within our borders was St. Joseph’s, in Perry
county, which was
solemnly blessed on the 6th of December, 1818,
by Rev. Edward
FENWICK and his nephew, Rev. N. D. YOUNG, of the order of St. Dominic,
both
natives of Maryland, and deriving their jurisdiction from the venerable
Dr.
FLAGET, who was then the only bishop between the Alleghenies and the
Mississippi. This
chapel was first built
of logs, to which an addition of stone was subsequently made, so that
it was
for a considerable time “partly logs and partly
stone.” When
the congregation, which consisted of
only ten families when the chapel was first opened, had increased in
number,
the logs disappeared and a new addition, or, to speak more correctly, a
separate
church of brick, marked the progress of improvement and afforded new
facilities
for the accommodation of the faithful.
An humble convent, whose revered inmates, one American, N.
D. YOUNG, one
Irishman, Thomas MARTIN, and one Belgian, Vincent de RYMACHER,
cheerfully
shared in all the hardships and privations incident to the new colony,
was
erected near the church, and from its peaceful precincts the saving
truths of
faith were conveyed and its divine sacraments administered to many a
weary
emigrant who had almost despaired of enjoying those blessings in the
solitude
which he had selected for his home.
The
benedictions of the poor and the refreshing dews of heaven descended on
the
spiritual seed thus sown. It
increased
and multiplied the hundred fold. New
congregations were formed in Somerset, Lancaster, Zanesville, St.
Barnabas,
Morgan county, Rehoboth and St. Patrick’s, seven miles from
St. Joseph’s, and
in Sapp’s settlement and various other stations still more
distant was the
white habit of St. Dominic hailed by the lonely Catholic as the
harbinger of
glad tidings and the symbol of the joy, the purity and the triumphs
which
attest the presence of the Holy Spirit and the fufilment
of the promises made by her divine founder to the church.
At
this place a number of young men are being educated for the priesthood
of the
Dominican order. A
large library is
connected with the institution, which affords facilities to the
students in
becoming acquainted with church history and literature.
Among them are the writings of many of the
fathers and rare books, some of which were printed before the discovery
of
America.—Old Edition.
Page 385
Top
Right: The Perry County
Court-House, New Lexington.
Top
Left: Oliver H. Perry.
Bottom
Drawn by Henry Howe in 1846
CENTRAL VIEW
IN SOMERSET.
The
old County Court-House
shown on the right is yet standing, and M. F. Scott
Still
in his store ready for
customers.
Page
386
SOMERSET,
for many years the county-seat, is seven miles northwest of New
Lexington, the
present county-seat, on the Straitsville
Branch of
the B. & O. Railroad. City
officers,
1888: D. O. BRUNNER, Mayor; Thomas SCANLON, Clerk; Owen YOST,
Solicitor; E. T.
DROEGE, Treasurer; W. C. WEIR, Marshall and Street Commissioner. Newspaper: Press,
Labor, W. P. MAGRUDER, editor and publisher.
Churches: 1 Lutheran, 1 German Reformed, 1
Catholic and 1 Methodist. Population, 1880, 1,207.
School census, 1888, 361;
J. B. PHINNEY, school
superintendent.
In
the
old description of Somerset we have spoken of the female academy of St.
Mary’s. It
has long been a famed
institution. It was
established at
Somerset in 1830 by Bishop FENWICK, the first Catholic Bishop of
Cincinnati. Years
after our visit it was destroyed by
fire, and it was removed to about four miles east of the capitol
building at
Columbus. It was
incorporated in July,
1868, under the direction of the Dominican Sisters.
It is now widely known as the “Academy of St.
Mary of the Springs,”
and is a highly popular
institution. It is
near Alum creek, a
branch of the Scioto, and under the general charge of Bishop WATTERSON. The building is large and
commodious. “The
location is unsurpassed in its salubrity
and beauty of landscape; the distracting sights
and sounds of the bustling world are excluded by shady groves and
sloping
hills.”
St.
Joseph’s Church, shown in the view taken in 1846, was also
destroyed by fire,
but another replaces it and with a noble college building standing by
it.
TRAVELLING
NOTES.
SOMERSET,
May 21.—Somerset has changed but little. The
old picture fits even to this day.
As I was making the drawing for it a brother
of Phil SHERIDAN, then 9 years old, on his way to school, looked over
my
shoulder as he now tells me, while Phil himself was clerking it in the
town
somewhere—may be saw me seated in a chair near A. ARNDT’s
sign. The old sign
has gone—no longer
creaks in the wind—catches no snow—gone, too, is
Andy. Nobody lives
forever. The old
court-house is still standing, with
the same old inscription over the door, with its Irish bull—
“Let Justice be Done IF the Heavens
should
Fall.”
The
one-story brown building beyond it exists now only in my picture; never
was a
sparkling gem set in the brow of Somerset.
It was GARLINGER’S grocery—a great
institution in the times of the
thirsty and free fights.
Free Fights.—Says
an old citizen to me: “I remember one muster-day, about forty
years ago, seeing
a crowd of men pouring out of that grocery and indulging in a free
flight, and
all wearing red warmers, i.e.,
roundabout loose jackets of red flannel.
At that time there were often fights on the square. When parties had a
grievance, they would put
off settling it until muster-day.
Then
they would have it out, rough and tumble, often with rings around. The fight over, they would
become good
friends again. Frequently
these fights
would be to see who was the best man.” “In those days,
when any farmer was sick, his
neighbors would get in his crops and take good care of him.”
“They
do that now; don’t they?”
“No!”
he replied; “but they don’t fight any
more.”
The
sign “M. F. Scott,” is gone, but the building is
there, and so is M. F. SCOTT;
for I found him on an evening and had an hour’s chat with him. Mr. SCOTT is a small,
hale, rosy-cheeked old
gentleman, 74 years of age, hair of snow and never was sick a day. I think he is of Irish
extraction or
birth. He told me
he came here in 1838,
and paid $7 per 100 pounds freight for his goods from Philadelphia, and
“now,”
added he, “the
charge being fifty cents, some of my
neighbors complain of the extortionate charges of railroads.
Page
387
Phil. SHERIDAN’s
Boyhood.—I
asked about Phil. SHERIDAN. He
replied, “SHERIDAN was a very bright,
trusty boy. Before
going to West Point
he clerked for various parties in town; once clerked in this very
store.” I
asked, “How did he get his
appointment?” “Why,
he got it
himself. There was
a vacancy from this
district, when he wrote to Gen. RICHEY, our member of Congress, that he
wanted
it.” In
speaking of it, years
afterwards, and just after Stone River, RICHEY said: “It was
at the close of
the Mexican war; the pressure upon me was so tremendous for a
cadetship, backed
by strong, influential recommendations, that I was in great anxiety
which way
to move when I got Phil’s letter backed by no one. I knew him, and it was so
manly and so
spirited that I that very day went to the War Department and ordered
the
warrant to be made out, fearful that if I deferred it some malign
influence
would be brought to bear to make me reject the application; and having
done it,
I had a deep sense of relief.”
The Boyhood Home of SHERIDAN.—The next morning after this
conversation I sketched the
boyhood home of Phil. SHERIDAN. His
father was a laboring man, and took contracts for macadamizing the
National
Road and other roads. The
house was
occupied by the family in their more humble days.
In his later years he built a neat cottage
residence about half a mile south of the town.
He died at the age of 75 years from blood-poisoning, which
originated
from a kick at night in the wrist from a vicious horse, the wound not
healing.
The old
homestead is but three minutes’ walk from M. F. SCOTT’s
store, and yet quite out of town.
Somerset, like the old towns built upon the National Road,
and like
other macadamized thoroughfares, consists mainly of a single street
with the
buildings compact, like poor pieces of cities set down in the country. Such places have no
pleasant village aspects,
and therefore make one sad in thinking of what “might have
been.”
The main
building of the old homestead consists of three rooms only, and is
unoccupied
and dilapidated, and we have tried to make it look as it did in
“Phil.’s”
boyhood days, and so have introduced the boy
galloping on a horse around the corner, which is supposed to be
“Phil.” as he
then was, preparing, unknown to himself, for that later ride,
“Up at morning,
at break of day.”
The wing this
way, consisting of a single room, was built in 1847, and is occupied by
Mr.
ZORTMAN and wife, laboring people.
Germans, of course, they are, for they had flowers
blooming in the
windows of their very humble home.
I
asked Mrs. Maggie MORRIS, who lived next door, the name of the street. She answered, “I
don’t know; some call it the
‘Happy alley.’”
The Happy alley has upon
it but three or four houses, and commands a grateful, open prospect of
green
fields and sweet smelling slopes, falling away down to the Hocking
valley,
fifteen miles away to the south, and where, some three years ago, one
night,
when the mills at Logan were burned, the light was seen reddening the
sky.
From here, on
the left, over an apple orchard, quarter of a mile away, on a slight
hill,
stands the old St. Mary’s.
It was a
female seminary, with nunnery attached.
St. Mary’s has been removed to Columbus.
It brought back pleasant recollections of hospitable
entertainment
there, and at St. Joseph’s, from the Catholic Fathers and
Sisters.
Talk upon Corn and Grapes.—From the cottage I walked to the
present SHERIDAN homestead,
half a mile south. Passed
a large field
where two men and three boys were hoeing open ground for corn, while
two girls
were following them, planting. They
wore
sunbonnets and their aprons were filled with the kernels, which they
held up
with one hand and dropped from the other—a pleasant sight. My companion, Mr. ____, a
friend of the
SHERIDAN family, said: “In corn-planting the women and the
girls often
help. Under the
most favorable weather
corn will mature in ninety days from planting; sometimes it requires
120
days. The ground
must be right as to
moisture. If too wet,
the corn will decay.
The season
being short the planting has to be hurried; hence, all of a
family help. The
heavy frost of
June 5, 1859, destroyed the wheat of this region.
Yet that was one of the most fruitful years
here known, for the entire population turned out, put in varied crops,
and, the
autumn being long and warm, everything ripened.”
“Some fifteen
or twenty years ago,” he continued, “there was a
great furore
hereabouts for planting grapes, the soil and climate seeming especially
adapted
to them, the varieties being Catawba, Ives’ Seedling,
Delaware and Concord, the
last the most prolific. Some
parties
went into it so largely that it ruined them.
For a while, wine was made largely and sold even as low as
eighteen cents
a gallon, and even then there was no market.
Physicians were anxious to prescribe it, but Americans
can’t be taught
to drink sour wines.”
The SHERIDAN Homestead.—I
found this to
be a neat, simple cottage of wood with eight rooms.
It stands back about twenty yards from the
road, midst trees and shrubbery. Among
these were evergreens and honeysuckles climbing trellis-work. The location of the
cottage is in a small
valley, in front of a grove, now called “Sheridan’s
Grove.” A
big tree stands by the house, marking the
spot where, in the campaign of 1840, HARRISON, CORWIN, EWING and HAMER
addressed political meetings. Here,
too,
in the grove was held the first meeting of the three years’
men in the civil
war.
The Mother of SHERIDAN,
now in her 87th
year, is a short, slender, delicate woman, with sparkling black eyes. She could not have weighed
over ninety
pounds, erect, active and sprightly as a girl.
She was all volubility and seemed overflowing with good
spirits. At lunch
she asked me, “Please to take that
Page 388
eat.”
I replied,
“Any seat at the table with the mother of Gen. SHERIDAN is an
honor.” She
gracefully bowed, smiled, and gave a
“Thank you, sir.”
To a question,
later, in the parlor, about her son, she replied, “Oh,
he’s an Ohio boy.”
The way she replied, “Oh, he’s an Ohio
boy,”
showed she was filled with the sense of the greatness of Ohio. Just as she answered it,
the subject was
changed by my companion, Mr. _____, a friend of the family,
interrupting. He
took from the shelf and showed me a war
bonnet of the Cheyennes. It was a gorgeous affair
of fuss and
feathers, and the only garment which those wild creatures wear when
they go
naked, riding and whooping, into battle.
Among the
curiosities in the house was the inkstand used by Gen. LEE in signing
the
articles of surrender. In
the parlor
Mrs. SHERIDAN showed me “Phil.’s”
photograph in a
line with his staff, some fifteen or twenty young men.
With a single exception he was the shortest
of the group, and so worn down at the close of the war, she said he
weighed but
130 pounds. It was
evident that SHERIDAN’s
activity of mind and person came from this
bright little woman. It
is quite a
satisfaction to me that I have had interviews with the mothers of both
SHERIDAN
and GRANT—the latter is given in Vol. I., p. 333.
From the
SHERIDAN place we continued our walk to St. Joseph.
The church shown in the picture had been
burnt and rebuilt, and a new noble college building added. The Fathers showed me a
large billiard-room
for the recreation of the students, an innovation upon the idea of the
old time
as to the proprieties; also the library, which is famous for its rare
collection of ancient theological works.
South of St.
Joseph the whole country looms up into one huge rounded hill, dotted
with
fields, forests and farms, and thus to the eye ends the globe in that
direction. St.
Joseph is a very secluded
“shut-out-of-the-world” spot.
In my
original visit I passed over the Sabbath with the Fathers at St. Joseph.
The Sisters
were at St. Mary’s and were teachers in the seminary. Pleasant young women I
found them, social and
kindly. One with
whom I conversed, I
alone remember—Sister Veronica.
I
inquired about her and the answer was, “She died about
seventeen years ago;”
and about Father WILSON, whom I also met there, and the answer also
was,
“dead.”
SISTER VERONICA
is a pleasing memory of a blue-eyed, fair-haired girl.
I could not well forget her, for she told me
in such a simple, artless way why she had that name given to her, by
relating
the beautiful legend on which it was founded, which we here give for
the
reading of such as may never have heard it:
“As Christ was
bearing the cross a woman advanced from the crowd and taking her veil
from her
head, wiped the sweat and blood from his face and brow, when a miracle
was
performed; an exact image of our Saviour’s
face was
printed thereon. Thereafter
she was
called ‘Veronica, the woman of the veil.’
That concluded,
she is one of the legends of
the church. It is
not essential to our
faith that we should believe them.”
FATHER WILSON
was a different character, but interesting.
He was, I believe, New England born, and I think from the
State of
Maine. He had first
gone from a
carpenter’s bench into the ministry of the Methodist church
and then into that
of the Catholic. As
is usual in such
cases his zeal was proportionate to the greatness of the change. He invited me to hear him
the Sunday I was
here. I remember
only the opening words,
“In the world’s great progress. . . .”
At the same time he outstretched his palms and carried
into his
preaching the shoutings
and mannerisms of an
old-style Methodist camp-meeting orator.
This must have sometimes astonished his associate priests,
being so
different from their own.
With tender
sympathy he approached me on the subject of my soul’s
salvation. I
inquired if after the manner of the
Protestants would not answer every practical purpose?
He shook his head. Thereupon
I said: “I have a cousin, a
Protestant, a cashier in a bank; his name, Amos TOWNSEND. For years when a young
man, he boarded
himself; lived on the most frugal fare and dressed in simple attire;
this was
to save money that he might alleviate human woe.
All his spare time was given to religious
ministrations and visiting the poor and sick, and his purse was ever
open to
objects of suffering. When
well advanced
in life he married a woman who was his counterpart; she had long been
his
helpmeet in works of charity and they had grown into each
other’s lives. Then
he took a little cottage and kept a
horse and buggy. For
his own gratification?
Not in the
least; but to take out the sick poor that they might have the benefit
of fresh
air and green fields. So
holy, pure and
self-denying is he that his townsmen look upon him as a wonder, the
single one
man among them all who follows to the last syllable the teachings of
the
‘Sermon on the Mount.’
He is small in
person, face sad, calm and saintly—so saintly that his
townsmen call him Saint Paul.”
Having thus
stated, I asked the reverend father, “Where he would go when
he died?”
He replied,
“Amos TOWNSEND is doubtless a good man.
He has repented, but not believed.
He has fulfilled only a part of the law, so
can’t be saved.”
“Go to
Purgatory?”
“No!”
“What! Lower?”
Upon this he
simply nodded, but uttered no dreadful word; neither did I.
Were Father
WILSON living to-day he would doubtless find that “in the
world’s great
progress” his opinions had changed.
Furthermore, he
would see that this world is growing wiser, more humane as it grows
older. The angelic
in man is rising. The
children are better than their fathers,
because
Page 389
wiser.
With true
religion, intelligence, and not ignorance, must be considered the
mother of
Devotion. The
conception of a recluse of
the middle ages was weak compared to the sublime thought which filled
the soul
of Cardinal NEWMAN when he was brought to face that ever unanswerable
question,
“Canst thou by searching find out God?”
Science teaches Him in the universe and but supplements
and enlarges our
conception of the “Great First Cause least
understood,” the all-soul-filling
ONE. Justice is the
armor of love. In
the ultimate, love must triumph. God
reigns.
“God is love.”
These, my lines,
express in part my theology.
THE
SUPREME POWER. JEHOVAH moves the might worlds,
And spreads the silent stars in view, With glory lights the summer clouds,
Beneath the beauteous dome of blue. He whispers in the rustling leaves
And sparkles in the smiling morn; Awakes the should with sweetest
strains,
And blessed from our very dawn. No woe betides and no storm alarms,
Offspring of His great, loving heart Cast in his celestial from.
‘Mid mystery all, we form a part; While every sound that charms the
ear,
And every scene that glades the eye— Innocence, love and starry
worlds— Alike proclaim DIVINITY:— Who spake,
when light from darkness flashed,
Mountains from oceans skyward sprang, While star sand unto star
As each in glory on its course began. |
GENERAL PHILIP
HENRY
SHERIDAN
CHRONOLOGY.
Born in Albany, New York, March 6, 1831, the
son of Irish laboring
people. Lived
his infancy and
youth in Somerset, Ohio; was a clerk for a while in Somerset in the
hardware
store of John TALBOT and then in the dry-goods store of FINCK &
DITTOE, and from there
entered as a cadet the United States
Military Academy, July 1, 1848.
Graduated July 1, 1853, thirty-fourth in his class of
fifty-two, of
which James B. McPHERSON
was the head, and of which
General HOOD, of the Confederate, and SCHOFIELD, of the Union army,
were also
members. Then he
entered the army as
Brevet Second Lieutenant, 1st Infantry, May
14, 1851; became Captain, 13th Infantry. In the volunteer service
the ranks and dates
of appointment were: May 25, 1862, Colonel, 2d Michigan Cavalry; July,
1862,
Brigadier-General; January 31, 1863, Major-General.
In the regular army the dates and ranks were:
September 20, 1864, Brigadier-General; November 8, 1864, Major-General;
March
4, 1869, Lieutenant-General; June 1, 1888, General. Three officers only had
before received this
commission, viz.: WASHINGTON, GRANT and SHERMAN.
He was the nineteenth General-in chief of the
United States army. For
forty years—1848
to 1888—from Cadet to General, he was in his
country’s service. He
died, August 5, 1888, at Nonquitt,
Mass., fifty-seven years five months of age, and
lies buried in the National Cemetery, Arlington, the greatest city of
the
soldier’s dead, and he the greatest soldier of them all. His grave is on the
hill-slope, overlooking
the capital of his country, which he loved so well.
In 1879 SHERIDAN married Miss LUCKER, the
daughter of Daniel H. LUCKER, of the United States army. He was a Roman Catholic
and devoted to his
duties as such.
SHERIDAN never
was defeated and often plucked victory out of the jaws of defeat. He was thoroughly trusted
and admired, and
loved by his officers and men. He
bore
the nickname of “Little Phil,” a term of endearment
due to his size, like the
“Petite Corporal” of Napoleon I.
He was
below the middle height, five feet five inches; but powerfully built,
with a
strong countenance, indicative of valor and resolution.
His energy and endurance were
remarkable. He
could, when occasion
required great efforts, endure for long periods
great
physical strain and loss of sleep.
It was
frequently said that SHERIDAN had seen the backs of more rebels than
any other
federal General. This
is doubtless true,
and of itself expresses as well as implies a good deal.
It was known that he was about equally
skilful in the command of artillery, cavalry and infantry. He commanded in the East
as well as in the
West and was popular and successful with both armies.
He changed the cavalry arm of the service
from an inefficient, unreliable force, into a well-disciplined,
invincible,
victorious army. He
brought his
division—all there was left of it—intact out of the
deadly struggle in the tall
cedars at Stone river.
Though badly cut up with General McCOOK’s
corps at Chickamauga, SHERIDAN rallied the remnant of his division and
proceeded to march in the direction of the sound of General
THOMAS’ guns.
It was SHERIDAN
who changed the valley of the Shenandoah from a valley of humiliation
into a
land of triumph. After
the Shenandoah
was cleared of the enemy he was called back to the main army front of
Richmond.
Page 390
Drawn
by Henry Howe in
1886.
PORTRAIT
AND BOYHOOD HOME OF GENERAL SHERIDAN.
Page 391
Grant’s whole operations
during the summer of 1864 and
the early part of the year 1865, had been little less than a series of
bloody
disasters, and, as offensive movements, were certainly not successful. Eventually, GRANT decided
to make a last
desperate effort to break the rebel lines and General SHERIDAN was
selected to
lead the momentous expedition. About three o’clock one morning
GRANT called SHERIDAN from his bed
and told him what was to be done.
“I want you to break the rebel lines,”
says General GRANT, “and if you
fail go and join SHERMAN.”
“I’ll make
the attempt,” replies SHERIDAN,” but I’ll
not go to SHERMAN; I propose to end
it right here.” Right
there, in the
breast of little Phil SHERIDAN,
was the crack of doom
for the Southern Confederacy. SHERIDAN’S
command charged at Five Forks, the hitherto invincible lines of General
LEE
were broken, and Richmond doomed.
LEE’S
army was routed; retreated in great confusion and the Confederate
administration hastily deserted the rebel capital.
It was a great victory for the army of the
Potomac; but few dreamed—not even General
GRANT—that the war was virtually
over. It was
SHERIDAN who, with his
accustomed habit of following closely upon the backs of the defeated
rebels, at
once discovered the true condition of things and despatched
back to Grant: “Hurry up the troops; LEE must surrender if
closely
pressed. I am sure
of it.”
Meanwhile
SHERIDAN had a sharp engagement at or near Hanover Court-house, the
last stand
LEE’S ragged and brave veterans ever made.
GRANT hurried up the troops and Appomattox was the result.
From
the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, Ohio Commandery,
issued in memoriam of SHERIDAN, we
extract these passages:
His
humble birth and humble life to his cadetship was not the least
important in
shaping his subsequent career. Though of foreign parentage he was imbued with
the true spirit of
Americanism which possessed him in mature manhood to a marked degree. The warm Irish blood
flowing in his veins
made service for his country a passion as well as a duty.
General
SHERIDAN, with true soldierly instinct, preferred to attack the enemy
and keep
him employed, rather than to allow him time to make combinations and
execute
his own plans.
A
characteristic of General SHERIDAN, not common to many other commanders
on the
field, and the one without doubt that enabled him to achieve success
and fame,
was the quality of being more self-possessed and fuller of resources
and
expedients in the tumult of the battle than at any other time. He gave conclusive
evidence to those who
observed him closely before and during a great and severely contested
field
engagement of awakening to a higher degree of mental power when danger
was most
imminent, than he displayed at any other time, or under ordinary
circumstances. His
original plan of
battle, as is common through unforseen
causes, might
prove to be defective, or become impracticable; yet he under such
circumstances
never became disconcerted or dismayed, and he was always fortunate
enough to
instantaneously make a new plan of battle or other new combinations,
which were
executed to meet the exigencies and to insure final and complete
success.
Success
and generalship are synonyms in war.
He
had
no patience with mediocrity in an officer high in command—it
was not ordinary
acts that were required to win a battle, but extraordinary
ones, and an officer
incapable of such should be removed.
Shortly
after General GRANT took command of all the armies of the United
States, and on
April 4, 1864, SHERIDAN was placed in command of the cavalry corps
operating
with the Army of the Potomac. At
once
his superiority as a cavalry officer showed itself.
To confront him was the flower of the
Confederate cavalry under an active, renowned leader, with other
experienced
officers under him. The
pride of the
South was in the efficiency and chivalry of its mounted soldiers and
their best
were concentrated in the East.
General
SHERIDAN decided to fight with the sword and thenceforth the carbine
and pistol
became comparatively useless instruments in the hands of the
enemy’s cavalry;
as, in close conflicts or melee, friend was as likely to be shot as
foe, and
the sabre wielded by
the strong-armed Northern
soldier was irresistible. When
confronted by infantry, he fought his cavalry dismounted, then using
the
carbine efficiently.
Page 392
From
the time this mode of warfare was put in practice to the end of the
war,
SHERIDAN’S cavalry against a like arm of the service was
invincible, regardless
of any disparity of numbers. We
have the
recent testimony of the present Emperor of Germany that, in the manner
of
fighting cavalry and in the mode of conducting campaigns, SHERIDAN has
taught
great military men new lessons in warfare.
The
greatest soldiers of modern Europe, VON MOLTKE and others, and the most
illustrious soldier of our own country, General GRANT, have concurred
in
pronouncing SHERIDAN the most accomplished of the great field-generals
of the
world.
When,
after the battle of Cedar Creek, in recognition of that great exploit,
SHERIDAN
was commissioned to be Major-General in the regular army, the veteran
journalist, Chas. A. DANA, then Assistant Secretary of War, was despatched with the commission
from Washington to
SHERIDAN’S camp, where he arrived late that night. What followed he
related, years after, in his paper the New York Sun:
The next
morning the General took me on foot through his camp, and as we went
among the
regiments and brigades and greeted old acquaintances on every hand, I
was
everywhere struck with the manifestations of the personal attachment to
SHERIDAN. I had not
seen anything like
it in either of our great armies.
GRANT,
SHERMAN, THOMAS, all moved among their troops with every mark of
respect and
confidence on the part of the men; but in SHERIDAN’S camp it
was quite
different. They
seemed to regard him
more as a boy regards the father he believes in, relies on and loves,
than as
soldiers are wont to regard their commander.
Finally, as we were completing our morning’s
tour and had got nearly
back to headquarters, I said to him: “General, how is this? These men appear to have a
special affection
for you, more than I have ever seen displayed toward any other officer. What is the
reason?”
“Well,” said
he, “I think I can tell you.
I always
fight in the front rank myself. I
was
long ago convinced that it would not do for a commanding general to
stay in the
rear of the troops and carry on a battle with paper orders, as they do
in the
Army of the Potomac. These
men all know
that where it is hottest there I am, and they like it, and that is the
reason
they like me.”
“One thing
more, General,” I said.
“Are you afraid,
or don’t you care? What
is the real
truth about it?”
“The man who
says he isn’t afraid under fire,” he answered,
“is a liar. I
am damned afraid, and if I followed my own
impulse I should turn and get out.
It is
all a question of the power of the mind over the body.”
SHERIDAN’S
RIDE.
This
famous poem beginning with—
“Up
from the South at break of day,
Bringing
to Winchester fresh dismay,”
was a great factor in spreading the fame of
SHERIDAN, and goes linked with it to posterity, together with the name
of
Buchanan READ, the poet-painter, who wrote it for James E. MURDOCH, the
elocutionist. READ
died, May 11, 1872,
in New York, while MURDOCH is still living in Cincinnati, where he is
greatly
respected, and at the advanced age of eighty years.
The
history of its production is thus given in the Cincinnati Commercial Gazette of July 17, 1887, by
Henry W. TEETOR:
“SHERIDAN’S
Ride”
was composed Monday, November 1, 1864, in the front room of a
three-story brick
building, yet standing, and now known as No. 49 West Eighth street,
then occupied by Cyrus GARRETT, Esq., brother-in-law of Mr. READ.
The simple
story of the composition of the famous ode is this: The evening of that
day had
been set apart for the MURDOCH ovation, which took place at
Pike’s
Opera-house. Mr. E.
D. GRAFTON, the
eminent artist, had met GARRETT upon Fourth street
in
the morning and handed him Harper’s
Weekly, containing the picture of
“SHERIDAN’S Ride to the Front.” After a word of
conversation in regard to the
illustration, GARRETT took the picture to his residence and soon after
the
subject of the celebrated ride, as sketched, came up.
The following is Mr. MURDOCH’S account of
that conversation, as told upon the stage by way of a prelude to
reading the
poem: “During
the morning a friend with
whom I was conversing
Page 393
happened to pick up the last issue of Harper’s Weekly, on the
title-page of which was the picture of
SHERIDAN. ‘There’s
a poem in that
picture,’ said my friend.
‘Suppose I
have one written for you to read to-night?’
‘But,’ I replied, ‘I shall
not have time to look it over and catch its
inner meaning and beauties, and besides I am not in the habit of
reading a poem
at night written in the morning.’”
That friend was Cyrus
GARRETT, who had previously
familiarly said to his brother-in-law, “Buck, there is a poem
in that
picture.” To
which READ replied, “Do you
suppose I can write a poem to order, just as you go to SPRAGUE’s
and order a coat?” [It
is Mr. Alexander HILL’s
impression, however, that this remark was also made
by Mr. MURDOCH to READ.] After
this READ
and MURDOCH parted—READ to his room and MURDOCH to his
musings.
When READ
retired to his room he said to his wife: “Hattie, do not let
me be
interrupted. I am
not to be called even if
the house takes fire.” During
his
seclusion READ called for a cup of strong tea and then resumed his pen. About noon his work was
done. The poem was
given to his wife to copy, while
READ at once left home and, going over to the studio of his friend,
said,
“GRAFTON, I have just written something fresh—hot
from the oven—and left
MURDOCH committing it for a recitation to-night.”
Concerning the
reception of that poem, as inimitably interpreted by MURDOCH, the Commercial’s report was,
“Peal after
peal of enthusiasm punctuated the last three glowing verses. So long and loud was the
applause at its end
that Mr. MURDOCH was called to the footlights, and Mr. READ only
escaped the
congratulations of the audience by refusing to respond, as he could not
adequately
do, he seemed to think, to the clamorous utterances of his
name.”
A remark made
by a prominent citizen may also be given as indicating the effect upon
the
audience. When the
poem was ended and
Sheridan had “got there,” with profound relief the
late William RESOR said:
“Thank God! I was afraid SHERIDAN would not get
there.”
“In a
conversation with READ,” said Mr. GRAFTON to the writer,
“I once ventured to
say, ‘READ, did you take nothing but a pot of black tea into
your room with you
when you invoked the muse for ‘SHERIDAN’s
Ride?’ To
my surprise, in a most unexpected, placid
manner, he said: ‘I took nothing else but that.
Let me confess to you a fact: I can do nothing with the
pen unless I am
clear-headed. I
know,’ he continued,
‘that poem, with its faults, came from no inspiration of the
bottle. I would
like, however, to have corrected some
of those faults, but Bayard TAYLOR advised me not to allow the least
change or
emendation, but to let it stand as written.’ The wisdom of
this advice insured
its acceptance, and if I mistake not, it now stands word for word as
the muse
gave it, nothing to add or subtract.”
“Mr. READ also
said this to me: “They may talk what they choose about BYRON,
BURNS, POE and
others writing so finely under the influence of drink, but I
don’t believe a
word of it. If the
tongue does wag, the
brain will lag when much drink has been indulged in, for then I have
discovered
I am just about as dumb as a Prince’s Bay oyster.”
Not long before
“Death bowed to him his sable plume,” READ thus
wrote to his friend, Henry C.
TOWNSEND, Esq.:
“I want to tell
you now and solemnly that a deep sense of my duty to my God, as well as
to my
fellow-man, has gradually been descending upon me, and it is to me a
source of
infinite pleasure that I can look back upon all the poetry I have ever
written
and find it contains no line breathing a doubt upon the blessed Trinity
and the
great Redemption of man. When
I have
written my verses I have been alone with my soul and with God, and not
only
dared not lie, but the inspiration of the truth was to me so beautiful
that no
unworthy thought dared obtrude itself upon the page.
This was entirely owing to the goodness of
God, who saw what it was to be, and saved me from subsequent
mortification and
regret.”
NEW
LEXINGTON, county-seat of Perry, is about fifty miles southwest of
Columbus, on
the C. & M. V. and T. & O. C. Railroads. This town was laid out in
1817, by James
COMLY, on farm land bought by him of Samuel CLAYTON, whose farm it had
been. Just before
the outbreak of the
Rebellion, after a struggle of years with the people of Somerset, the
county-seat was removed from that place to this.
County
officers, 1888: Auditor, Asbury F. RANDOLPH; Clerk, Philip ALLEN;
Commissioners, Levi H. KENNEDY, Z. S. POULSON, Joshua B. LARIMER;
Coroner, Glen
A. EMERY; Infirmary Directors, James DANISON, Charles WATTS, William T.
STEVENS; Probate Judge, Charles E. SPENCER; Prosecuting Attorney,
Maurice H.
DONAHOE; Recorder, David E. McCLOY;
Sheriff, George
W. IRVIN; Surveyor, John D. MINAUGH; Treasurer, B. F. RODGERS. City officers, 1888; Edgar
M. BRADDOCK,
Mayor; Frank E. FOX, Clerk; Jas. W. MONTGOMERY, Treasurer; A. J.
ROBINSON,
Marshal; Jefferson TRACY, Street Commissioner; Henry D. COCHRAIN,
Solicitor. Newspapers:
Democratic Herald, Democratic,
CULLINAN
& MELOY,
Page 394
editors and publishers; Tribune,
Republican, J. F. McMAHON,
editor and publisher. Churches:
1
Methodist, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Catholic, 1 Lutheran and 2 Baptist.
Manufactures and Employees.—Oliver
K.
GRANGER, flour, etc., 3 hands; STARR Manufacturing Co.,
POWERS’ feed grinders,
18; S. A. ARNOLD, flour and feed, 3; Selden McGIRR,
doors, sash, etc., 5; D. C. FOWLER, lumber, 3; Perry Creamery Co.,
butter, 3.—State Report, 1888.
Population, 1880, 1,357.
School census, 1888, 525;
Celwin
FOWLER, school superintendent.
Capital invested in manufacturing establishments, $43,000. Value
of annual product,
$48,300.—Ohio Labor Statistics, 1888. Census,
1890, 1,470.
The
site of New Lexington is pleasant.
It is
on a gentle elevation, just south of the “Pan
Handle” Railroad. I
entered it May 19, 1886. The
best building in the place was the
school-house, an imposing brick structure on a commanding site, the
court-house
then being unfinished. I
noticed that
north and east the country consisted mostly of gently rolling hills, on
whose
surface were broad fields luxuriant in growing wheat.
The
one great absorbing point of interest connected with the place is that
near
here was born one of the world’s great heroes, and in the
cemetery here were
laid his mortal remains, Sept. 9, 1884, and with great honors.
MACGAHAN,
BULGARIA’S DELIVERER.
It
is
remarkable that a little interior county of Ohio should have produced
two such
extraordinary characters in the line of heroism as Philip Henry
SHERIDAN and Januarius
Aloysius MACGAHAN. Both
were of Irish stock and both of Catholic
birth and training.
MACGAHAN
was born June 12, 1844, on the Logan Road, about three miles south of
New
Lexington, on what is known as Pigeon Roost Ridge.
His father was James MACGAHAN, a native of
County Derry, Ireland, and his mother, Esther DEMPSEY, of mixed Irish
and
German stock. They
were married in St. Patrick’s
Church, in 1840, and settled on a little farm near by.
When MACGAHAN was 6 years old his father
died, leaving the widow in straitened circumstances.
But she had a dower interest in the farm, and
managed by struggling to get along with her little flock, in her little
cabin
nestled among the hills and almost surrounded by an unbroken forest.
MACGAHAN,
as a boy in the district school, was far ahead in his studies, and he
is spoken
of as the mildest-mannered boy of the school and
neighborhood—almost feminine
and girlish in his ways and manners.
He
read all the books in the house and neighborhood, and when a boy of
about 12
got hold of DICK’s
works—a great acquisition.
Then, at night, he often wandered about,
studying and locating and naming the stars, as described by DICK; also,
would
frequently rise in the morning, before daybreak, to see and locate the
stars
and planets not visible in the early part of the night.
When
about 14 years old he began working on farms in Hocking, Fairfield and
Fayette
counties, returning winters with the money he had thus earned to Pigeon
Roost
to attend school. In
1861 he applied to
teach the Pigeon Roost school,
but was refused on the
ground of youth and inexperience.
He
took this to heart and left Pigeon Roost as a home forever, and went to
Huntington, Indiana.
There
he got a school and taught with very great success two winters,
astonishing his
patrons by using the word and object methods.
Then he sent for his mother and the rest of the family.
In
the
winter of 1863-64 he removed to St. Louis, where he remained four
years,
studying and writing for the press and finding employment as
book-keeper in the
house of John J. DALY & Co.
While
there, he met for the first time Gen.
Page 395
JANUARIUS
ALOYSIUS MACGHAM,
MACGANAH, Gen.
JAMES M. COMLY,
Bulgaria’s
Deliverer.
The War Correspondent
Journalist
and Soldier.
Page396
SHERIDAN, and gave a brilliant description to
the Huntington Democrat of a grand
ovation to that officer; later he met SHERIDAN in Europe.
In
December, 1868, he sailed for Europe, to study the
languages—Latin, German and
French—and with the ultimate design of returning to his
native country and practising
the law.
Just at the juncture when he had
his trunk packed to
return home, his funds being about exhausted, the Franco-Prussian war
broke
out, when he was engaged by the New York Herald
to go with the French army as its war correspondent.
He speedily procured a rough suit, rode
hastily to the front, and soon after the wing of the army which he was
with was
driven back with considerable haste and disorder.
His graphic letter describing the retreat
immediately placed its author among the foremost war correspondents of
the
world. He then made
a similar engagement
with the London News. As a correspondent of
these journals MACGAHAN
was in all the wars of Europe for eight or ten years previous to his
death. He was an
unparalleled
correspondent, for he seemed destitute of fear; would ride into the
midst of a
battle with the commanding officers that he might truthfully describe
the thick
of the fight—then, perchance, at times sit down under the
shade of a tree with
bullets whistling all around, and coolly spread out a lunch and partake
thereof, or make notes of tragic events as they were transpiring around
him.
His
experiences, in variety, during the few years of his foreign life, were
not
probably ever equalled
by any journalist, and never
did one accomplish so much, excepting STANLEY.
These included his experience with the Commune in Paris,
when he was
arrested and condemned to death, and his life only saved through the
influence
of United States Minister WASHBURNE; his travels through Europe with
Gen.
SHERMAN and party in 1871072; his long and lonesome journey across the
Asiatic
country to Khiva in the
early part of 1873; his
cruise on board of a war ship on the Mediterranean, and his accidental
and
unexpected visit with the same to Cuba, Key West, New York and
elsewhere in the
United States in the latter part of 1873; his ten months with Don
Carlos’ army
in 1874; his capture by the Republicans, who took him for a Carlist,
and he undoubtedly would have suffered death but for the intervention
of a
United States representative; his voyage to the Arctic seas with the
Pandora
expedition in 1875; his experience with the Turkish army, and his
memorable
trip through Bulgaria in 1876; his visit to St. Petersburg and
subsequent
accompaniment of the Russian army to Bulgaria in 1877, where he was
everywhere
hailed as a liberator and deliverer; for the grateful people ran after
him as
he rode through the streets of the towns and villages of that country,
kissing
his boots, saddle, bridle, and even the little pet horse that he rode. Archibald FORBES, the
great English writer
and correspondent, who rode by his side, says the grateful and
affectionate
demonstrations of the people of Bulgaria towards MACGAHAN, surpassed
anything
of the kind he ever saw or imagined.
FORBES, who
loved him as a brother, in an article on MACGAHAN, pays this tribute to
his
great services:
“MACGAHAN’S
work in the exposures of the Turkish atrocities in Bulgaria, which he
carried
out so thoroughly and effectively in 1876, produced very remarkable
results. Regarded
simply on its literary
merits, there is nothing I know of to excel it in vividness, in pathos,
in a
burning earnestness, in a glow of conviction that fires from the heart
to the
heart. His letters
stirred Mr. GLADSTONE
into a convulsive paroxysm of burning revolt against the barbarities
they
described. They
moved England to its
very depths, and men travelling
in railway carriages
were to be noticed with flushed faces and moistened eyes as they read
them. Lord
BEACONSFIELD tried to whistle
down the wind the awful significance of the disclosures made in those
wonderful
letters. The master
of jeers jibed at,
as ‘coffee-house babble,’ the revelations that were
making the nations to throb
with indignant passion.
“A British
official, Mr. Walter BARING, was sent into Bulgaria on the track of the
two Americans,
MACGAHAN and SCHUYLER, with the intent to disparage their testimony by
the
results of cold official investigation.
But lo! BARING, official as he was, nevertheless was an
honest man with
eyes and a heart; and he who had been sent out on the mission to curse
MACGAHAN, blessed him instead altogether, for he more than confirmed
the
latter’s figures and pictures of murder, brutality and
atrocity. It is not
too much to say that this Ohio boy,
who worked on a farm in his youth and picked up his education
anyhow, changed the face of Eastern Europe.
When he began to write of the Bulgarian atrocities, the
Turk swayed
direct rule to the bank of the Danube, and his suzerainty stretched to
the
Carpathians. Now Roumania
owns no more the suzerainty, Servia
is an independent
kingdom, Bulgaria is tributary but in name, and Roumelia
is governed, not for the Turks, but for the Roumelians. All this reform is the
direct and immediate
outcome of the Russo-Turkish war.
“But what
brought about the Russo-Turkish war?
What forced the Czar, reluctant as he was and inadequately
prepared, to cross the
Danube and wage with varying fortune the war
that brought his legions finally to the very gates of Stamboul?
The passionate, irresistible pressure of the
Pan-Slavist section of
his subjects, burning with
ungovernable fury against the ruthless Turk,
Page 397
because of his cruelties on those
brother Slavs of
Bulgaria and Roumelia;
and the man who told the world
and those Russian Slavs of those horrors—the man whose voice
rang out clear
through the nations with its burden of wrongs and shame and deviltry,
was no
illustrious statesman, no famed litterateur, but just this young
American from
off the little farm in Perry county, Ohio.”
MACGAHAN was
preparing to attend and write up the International Congress at Berlin,
when,
declining to abandon a sick friend at Constantinople, he was himself
attacked
with the malignant fever that had prostrated his friend, and died after
a few
days’ illness, June 9, 1878.
Had he
lived three days longer he would have exactly completed his 34th
year.
MACGAHAN’s meeting with the lady who
subsequently became his wife, is full of romance.
He was travelling
through the provinces of Russia, along with Gen. SHERMAN and party,
when his
horse stumbled and threw him, spraining his ankle so severely that he
was taken
to the nearest house, where he was compelled to remain quiet for
several
days. News of the
accident, and the
further fact that the sufferer was a young stranger, from a far-off
county, bought
many to see him; among others a company of young girls of whom one was
Miss
Barbara D’ELAGUINE. MACGAHAN
could not
speak Russian at that time, and the lady could not speak English. Both could speak French,
however, and that
was the language of their courtship.
There is one child of this marriage, a boy, born in Spain
in 1874,
during the Carlist war. The United States has been
the home of widow
and son for several years.
THE
OBSEQUIES.
Thursday,
September 12, 1884, was an ever-memorable day in New Lexington. It was the occasion of the
funeral of
MACGAHAN, who six years after his death was laid to rest in his native
land. His remains
at Constantinople were
disinterred and brought by the United States steamer
“Powhatan” in an outer
casket to New York at the expense of the Press Club of that city, and
were
accompanied here from thence by his widow and child.
They had previously lain in state in the City
Hall, New York, and in the State Capitol, at Columbus.
Over 8,000
people were present, among them about sixty representatives of the
press from
various parts of the State. The
streets
and houses were decorated with evergreen arches and intermingled
flags of black and white. One
large
streamer bore the inscription: BULGARIA’S LIBERATOR; and
another, REST IN THY
NATIVE LAND. The
casket was taken into
St. Rose’s Church. On
it was a handsome
plate, bearing the inscription:
J.
A. MACGAHAN; BORN,
JUNE 12, 1844, DIED,
JUNE 9, 1878. |
At the head of
the casket was placed a large photograph of the dead journalist as he
appeared
in life, in citizen’s dress, and at the foot was a
full-length likeness of him
in the costume of a war correspondent, as he roughed it with the boys
or slept
and dined in the tents of generals.
In the church
was conducted the religious exercises, when Bishop WATTERSON preached
on the
“Power and Responsibility of the Newspaper Press.”
The
following-named gentlemen acted as pall-bearers:
Gen. James M.
COMLY, Toledo Telegram; Senator
John
EVANS, of Gallia county; D. L. BOWERSMITH, of the O.
S. Journal; S. J. FLICKINGER, Cincinnati Enquirer;
Senator John O”NEIL, Zanesville; Thomas WETZLER, Ohio Eagle; Lecky
HARPER, Mt. Vernon Banner; Hon . W.
E. FINCK, Somerset; Ed. L. DAVENPORT, Logan Republican
Gazette; Hon. J. L. VANCE, Gallipolis Bulletin;
Dr. F. L. FLOWERS, Lancaster; Jas. T. IRVINE, Zanesville; James W.
NEWMAN,
Secretary of State; L. C. SMITH, Shawnee Banner;
Capt. Charles N. ALLEN, Columbus; T. M. GAUMER, Zanesville Signal; C. E. BONEBRAKE, Springfield Globe.
About 11:30 the
casket was brought out of the church and the procession began to form,
under
the direction of Hon. H. C. GREINER, assisted by several aids, in the
following
order:
Platoon of G.
A. R. men, with reversed swords; Columbus Barracks Band; G. A. R.
Posts;
Military organizations; Military Band; Members of the Press; Committees
and
Speakers; Pall-bearers; Hearse with guard of honor; Relatives of
deceased;
Citizens, etc.
The guard of
honor was composed of a detachment of the New Lexington Guards.
After the usual
religious rites at the grave, the people gathered about the stand which
had
been erected near by, to be used for the public exercises. Hon. H. C. GREINER took
the chair and acted
as President. The
exercises consisted
of:
1st—Eulogy
on Life and Character of J. A. MACGAHAN, by
E. S. COLBORN.
2d—Poem,
written for the occasion, by W. A. TAYLOR.
3d—An
Address on the Office of the Newspaper Correspondent, by
Silas H. WRIGHT.
The New
Lexington Tribune, from which the
foregoing sketch is largely taken, thus aptly concludes:
The great event
has come and gone and the mortal remains of the famous Ohio boy, who
perished
so honorably and bravely in a far distant country, now repose in his
native
land.
The Nation, the
State and the people of this county have heartily united in paying a
just
tribute to a brilliant genius, to a patient, hard worker, to a brave,
noble
man, who lived and toiled for others more than himself; who freed a
nation of
people, who opened the way for the story of the Cross, and who,
Page 398
with his young wife and child awaiting
his return in
Russia, stopped amid malaria and malignant disease to lay down his life
for a
friend.
When qualities
like these cease to attract the admiration and love of men and women,
the world
will scarcely be worth living in, and finis may be appropriately
written upon
its outer walls.
The Central
Press Association of Ohio, after the funeral, organized to collect
funds for
the erection of a monument to the memory of their illustrious brother.
GEN. JAMES M.
COMLY, journalist, was descended from a family of Friends, who came to
Philadelphia with William Penn, in 1682.
His grandfather James and great-uncle located, after the
war of 1812, on
the site of New Lexington, which the latter laid out.
James was born there March 6, 1832.
He went to Columbus to learn the trade of a
printer, and was successively “devil,” journeyman,
foreman, local editor and
finally, editor and proprietor of the Ohio
State Journal. He
was Colonel of the
23d Ohio, HAYES’ Regiment; then
General in the army,
postmaster of Columbus, and was subsequently appointed by President
HAYES as
Minister to the Sandwich Islands.
He
afterwards removed to Toledo and edited the Toledo
Commercial, and died July 26, 1887, from wounds received in
the late war,
and which had made his later life one of great suffering, borne with
noble
fortitude.
General COMLY
had a high place among Ohio’s gifted men.
The Memorial volume published of his life and services
bears this motto,
which truthfully characterized him: “Whose wit in the combat,
as gentle as
bright, Ne’er
carried a heart-stain away on its
blade.” And
his old commander,
Rutherford B. HAYES, in the same memorial work, gives this testimony:
“Knowing
General COMLY intimately more than twenty-five years, and specially
having
lived by his side day and night during almost the whole of the war, it
would be
strange indeed if I did not deem it a privilege and a labor of love to
unite
with his comrades in strewing flowers on the grave of one whose talents
and
achievements were so ample and admirable and whose life and character
were
rounded to a completeness rarely found among the best and most gifted
of men.”
STEPHEN BENTON
ELKINS, the eminent politician of the Republican party and railroad
magnate,
was born in Thorn township, September 26, 1841; removed when very young
to
Missouri and eventually to New York City.
JACOB STRAWN was one of the early settlers of the same
township; removed
to Illinois, and at the time of his death became there the greatest
cattle
owner in the world. JOHN
W. ILIFF, was born and
brought up in Harrison township; removed
to Colorado; received there the name of the “Cattle
King,” for he also, in
turn, became the greatest cattle owner in the world.
He died leaving an estate valued at two
millions. WALTER C.
HOOD,
pronounced “a walking library and dictionary,” was
born at Somerset, and died
while honoring the position of State Librarian under Governor ALLEN.
OLIVER
HAZARD PERRY, in whose honor this county was named, was of chivalrous
stock,
and the name fell to the right county, considering how she has
responded by
producing a SHERIDAN, a MACGAHAN and a COMLY.
His father, Capt. Christopher Raymond PERRY, was a native
of Newport, R.
I., a gallant naval officer of the old Revolutionary War, and his
mother, Sarah
Alexander, was born of Scotch-Irish stock, in County Down, Ireland. She had five sons and
three daughters. “To
great strength of character Mrs. PERRY
added high intellectual power and rare social grace, training her
children with
extraordinary care to high ideals of life and duty.
After the victory on Lake Erie, some farmers
in Rhode Island declared it was Mrs.
Perry’s Victory.”
Her son Oliver
was born at South Kingston, R. I., August
23,
1785. She carefully
trained him to
obedience and gifted him with the spirit of heroism by narrating to him
the
deeds of her military ancestors—the old Scotch Covenanters. His favorite books were
the Bible, Plutarch’s
Lives, Shakespeare and Addison. He
excelled in the study of navigation and
mathematics; at the age of 11 was confirmed a member of the Protestant
Episcopal Church, and in 1799, at the age of 14, was commissioned
midshipman;
in 1807 was a lieutenant in the Tripolitan
war. When the war
of 1812 broke out he had, in
expectation of hostilities, been unwearied in the training of his crews
and in
gunnery, and by assembling gunboats occasionally, gained experience in
the
evolutions of a fleet, with which he practised also sham battles,
dividing them
into hostile squadrons. Within
twenty-four hours after receipt of orders to go to Lake Erie and build
a
squadron, February 17, 1813, he had sent off a detachment of fifty men,
and on
the 22d following started thither with his younger brother, Alexander. He was five weeks on the
way, going mostly in
sleighs through the wilderness to Erie, Pa.
A few months later the squadron had been built, the battle
fought, and
the victory won.
At the time of
the battle Perry was but 28 years of age.
In June, 1819, he died of
Page 399
yellow fever, at the age of 33 years, in
Port Spain, island
of Trinidad, while in command of a squadron.
A brother, Matthew GALBRAITH, was also a very accomplished
naval
officer. He figured
in the bombardment
of Vera Cruz and command the famed expedition to Japan..
In 1806 the
State of Ohio purchased W. H. POWELL’S famous painting of
PERRY’S Victory, and
suspended it in the rotunda of the Capitol at Columbus.
It represents PERRY just as he has left the
Lawrence for the Niagara, in a naval launch.
The launch is in the foreground, while the vessels are
shown around
engaged in action. The
chief merit of
the painting lies in the lifelike figures of Commodore PERRY and his
brave
crew.
In
this county are many ancient mounds of various dimensions, and four or
five
miles in a northwesterly direction from Somerset is an ancient stone
fort. Although
irregular in shape it approaches a
triangle. Near the
centre is a stone
mound, about twelve feet high, and in the wall a smaller one. The fort encloses about
forty acres. Just
south of it is a square work, containing
about half an acre.
SHAWNEE
is eight miles south of New Lexington, on the Straitsville
branch of the B. & O. R. R.
It is
one of the greatest coal-mining points in Ohio.
City
officers, 1888: E. W. WILLIAMS, Mayor; D. C. THOMAS, Clerk; C. C.
MARSH,
Treasurer; John WELCH, Street Commissioner; Thomas M. JONES, Marshal. Newspaper: Banner,
Independent, A. MAYNARD, editor and publisher.
Population, 1880, 2,770.
School census, 1888,
1,094; C. PIERCE, superintendent
of schools.
NEW
STRAITSVILLE is ten miles south of New Lexington, on the Straitsville
Division of the C. H. V. & T. R. R.
The largest veins of coal in the State are found here and
the daily
shipments are very large. It
has seven
churches.
City
officers, 1888: Henry SPURRIER, Mayor; John E. EVANS, Clerk; J. L.
WEST,
Treasurer; John PARK, Street Commissioner; Leonard HARBAUGH, Marshal. Bank of Straitsville,
H. H. TODD, president, C. B. TODD, cashier.
Population, 1880, 2,872. School
census, 1888, 1,152;
C. L. WILLIAMS, superintendent of schools.
A
recent visitor writes: “New Straitsville
is in the
heart of the richest coal-producing district west of Pennsylvania; it
is only
three miles over the high, steep hills to bustling Shawnee, with its
mines and
blast furnaces; southward are Gore, Carbon Hill, and finally
Nelsonville, all
strong mining towns of the Hocking Valley.
A good deal of life is underground.
When a stranger comes to Straitsville
and
beholds a few houses on half-a-dozen ridges and but two streets of
consequence,
he is scarcely ready to think that there is a population of nearly
three
thousand in the town, but if he went into many of the houses he would
find them
packed with people, and very often one roof shelters half-a-dozen
families.
“Straitsville and Shawnee were
desperate places during the
great strikes that prevailed in HOADLY’s
administration. A
good many deeds of
violence were planned and executed in this neighborhood. At times human life was
lightly valued, and
yesterday a tree was pointed out to me from the limbs of which a man
was
lynched for shooting an officer during stormy times.
“These
are good, happy and busy days in the Hocking Valley.
The mining region has not been so prosperous
for half-a-dozen years. There
is an
abundance of work and a steady demand for more coal.
The railroads are working their men night and
day and still they can not haul coal away from the mines rapidly enough
to meet
the current market demands.”
CORNING
is twelve miles southeast of New Lexington, on the T. & O. C.
and K. &
O. Railroads. The
surrounding country is
rich in coal and iron. It
has four
churches.
City
officers, 1888: G. W. CARROLL, Mayor; Chas. W. ROOF, Clerk; Dessa
DONNELLY, Treasurer; A. T. WINNING, Marshal; John CLIFFORD, Street
Commissioner. Newspaper:
Times-Monitor, Independent, Times-Monitor Publishing Company,
editors and publishers. Population,
1880, 2,500 (estimated).
Page 400
JUNCTION
CITY is at the crossing of the B. & O. and C. & M. V.
and T. & O.
C. Railroads, five miles west of New Lexington.
School census, 1888, 190.
RENDVILLE
is on the T. & O. C. R. R., eleven miles from New Lexington. Population
about 500. In
1887 Dr. I. S. TUPPINS, born a slave and a
graduate of Columbus Medical College, was elected Mayor. He is said to have been
the first of his race
elected to such a position in Ohio.
THORNVILLE
is near the eastern end of the Licking Reservoir, on the line of the T.
&
O. R. R., and has a population of about 500.
THORNPORT
is about two miles north of Thornville, on the B. & O. R. R.
and on the
Reservoir. In our
old edition is stated:
“This
portion of country was settled about 1810; land was then so cheap in
the
neighborhood that one BEESACKER purchased twenty acres for an old,
black mare;
luckily, in laying out the country, two important roads intersected his
purchase. He
immediately had it surveyed
into town lots, naming it New Lebanon.
An embryo town sprung into existence.
This took place about 1815.
It
was afterwards changed to Thornville, from being in the township of
Thorn.”
For more information on Perry County see: The History of Perry County Ohio
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