This partial haplotype has an ambiguous match pattern.  The highest frequencies

occur in Norway, among Iberian populations, and in the Eastern Mediterranean.

There are also German and Polish matches, but at lower frequencies.

This match pattern may reflect the activities of the Normans or the Goths in

Southern Europe. Or the haplotype may be, in fact, Mediterranean in origin.

Since the related R1b (ht35) Haplotype #2 shows a high frequency in multiple

locations in Scandinavia, a Scandinavian origin for this haplotype cannot

easily be discounted.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b 14 13 - 23 10 13 12 - -
Geographical Locale	%
Western Norway	1.56
Andulacia, Southern Spain	1.23
Damascus, Syria	1.00
Athens, Greece	.99
Bogota, Colombia [European]	.68
Madrid, Central-East Spain	.68
Barcelona, Catalonia	.45
Warsaw, Poland	.42
Chemnitz, Saxony	.24
Freiburg, Baden-Wurttemburg	.23
Leipzig, Saxony	.15

R1b (ht35) Haplotype #16

The haplotype below probably originated in Eastern Europe or the Black Sea

region, and moved into Sweden, Northern Italy and Iberia with the Goths or Sarmatians.

It may have entered Britain with Roman troops or settlers,

but it may also have come to Britain as an Eastern European admixture among the Norse.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b 14 14 30 24 11 13 12 - -
Geographical Locale	%
Hangzhou, China [Han]	2.86
Oregon [Hispanic-American]	2.38
Skaraborg, Sweden	2.13
Athens, Greece	1.98
Bologna, Italy	1.96
Texas [European-American]	1.28
Emilia Romagna, Italy	1.12
Miercurea Cuic, Romania [Szekely]	1.10
Buenos Aires, Argentina [European]	1.00
Syria	.88
Dusseldorf, Westphalia	.67
Madrid, Central-East Spain	.67
New York City [European-American]	.65
Greifswald, Pomerania	.48
Warsaw, Poland	.42
Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt	.35
Antioquia, Colombia [European]	.25
Sao Paulo, Brazil [European]	.22

R1b (ht35) Haplotype #17

The haplotype below is uncommon. Among the match frequencies in the old world,

the three highest are among Armenians, Poles and Slovakian Gypsies. All of these

groups have an Eastern origin.

This haplotype could have originated in the Caucasus, and spread

west into Europe with the Indo-Iranians or other nomads.

The Louisiana match may be a Franco-American, and the Brazilian

may be Portuguese. If so, this could support the above scenario,

as both the Alans and the Goths settled in France and Portugal.

This haplotype may have entered Britain with Roman troops,

or with Normans of Alanic descent.

We must remain aware that DYS390 values of 25 are common in Celtiberian

populations, so a few of these matches are possibly mutations from R1b ht15.

There is little suggestion of convergence with haplogroups beyond R1b.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b 14 13 30 25 11 13 12 - -
Geographical Locale	%
Louisiana [European-American]	3.23
Eastern Slovakia [Romani]	1.59
Caucasus [Armenian]	1.00
Cape Town, South Africa [European]	1.00
Warsaw, Poland	.83
Valencia, Spain