MADISON COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI
LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES
and
SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS
Transcribed by Tom Blake, October 2001
PURPOSE. Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held in Madison County, Mississippi, in 1860, is either non-existent or not readily available. It is possible to locate a free person on the Madison County, Mississippi census for 1860 and not know whether that person was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave census, because published indexes almost always do not include the slave census.
Those who have found a free ancestor on the 1860 Madison County, Mississippi census can check this list to learn if their ancestor was one of the larger slaveholders in the County. If the ancestor is not on this list, the 1860 slave census microfilm can be viewed to find out whether the ancestor was a holder of a fewer number of slaves or not a slaveholder at all. Whether or not the ancestor is found to have been a slaveholder, a viewing of the slave census will provide an informed sense of the extent of slavery in the ancestral County, particularly for those who have never viewed a slave census. An ancestor not shown to hold slaves on the 1860 slave census could have held slaves on an earlier census, so those films can be checked also. In 1850, the slave census was also separate from the free census, but in earlier years it was a part of the free census.
African American descendants of persons who were enslaved in Madison County, Mississippi in 1860, if they have an idea of the surname of the slaveholder, can check this list for the surname. If the surname is found, they can then view the microfilm for the details listed regarding the sex, age and color of the slaves. If the surname is not on this list, the microfilm can be viewed to see if there were smaller slaveholders with that surname. To check a master surname list for other States and Counties, return to Home and Links Page.
The information on surname matches of 1870 African Americans and 1860 slaveholders is intended merely to provide data for consideration by those seeking to make connections between slaveholders and former slaves. Particularly in the case of these larger slaveholders, the data seems to show in general not many freed slaves in 1870 were using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder. However, the data should be checked for the particular surname to see the extent of the matching.
The last U.S. census slave schedules were enumerated by County in 1860 and included 393,975 named persons holding 3,950,546 unnamed slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. The actual number of slaveholders may be slightly lower because some large holders held slaves in more than one County and they would have been counted as a separate slaveholder in each County. Excluding slaves, the 1860 U.S. population was 27,167,529, with about 1 in 70 being a slaveholder. It is estimated by this transcriber that in 1860, slaveholders of 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the U.S. The process of publication of slaveholder names beginning with larger slaveholders will enable naming of the holders of the most slaves with the least amount of transcription work.
SOURCES. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Madison County, Mississippi (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 600) reportedly includes a total of 18,118 slaves which ranks as the third highest total in the State and the 16th highest in the U.S. in 1860. This transcription includes 148 slaveholders who held 40 or more slaves in Madison County, accounting for 9,964 slaves, or 55% of the County total. The rest of the slaves in the County were held by a total of 817 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included here. Due to variable film quality, handwriting interpretation questions and inconsistent counting and page numbering methods used by the census enumerators, interested researchers should view the source film personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own purposes. Census data for 1860 was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data Browser, which is a very detailed, searchable and highly recommended database that can found at http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/ . Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was obtained using Heritage Quest's CD "African-Americans in the 1870 U.S. Federal Census", available through Heritage Quest at http://www.heritagequest.com/ .
FORMAT. This transcription lists the names of those largest slaveholders in the County, the number of slaves they held in the County and the first census page on which they were listed. The page numbers used are the rubber stamped numbers in the upper right corner of every set of two pages, with the previous stamped number and a "B" being used to designate the pages without a stamped number. Following the holder list is a separate list of the surnames of the holders with information on numbers of African Americans on the 1870 census who were enumerated with the same surname. The term "County" is used to describe the main subdivisions of the State by which the census was enumerated.
TERMINOLOGY. Though the census schedules speak in terms of "slave owners", the transcriber has chosen to use the term "slaveholder" rather than "slave owner", so that questions of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. Racially related terms such as African American, black, mulatto and colored are used as in the source or at the time of the source, with African American being used otherwise. The term "County" is used to describe the main subdivisions of the State by which the census was enumerated.
PLANTATION NAMES. Plantation names were not shown on the census. Using plantation names to locate ancestors can be difficult because the name of a plantation may have been changed through the years and because the sizeable number of large farms must have resulted in lots of duplication of plantation names. In Mississippi in 1860 there were 481 farms of 1,000 acres or more, the largest size category enumerated in the census, and another 1,868 farms of 500-999 acres. Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list should not be a difficult research task, but it is beyond the scope of this transcription.
FORMER SLAVES. The 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and slaveholders. Slaves were enumerated in 1860 without giving their names, only their sex and age and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind Slaves 100 years of age or older were supposed to be named on the 1860 slave schedule, but there were only 1,570 slaves of such age enumerated, out of a total of 3,950,546 slaves, and the transcriber did not find any such information on the enumeration of the transcribed slaveholders; but the following two individuals were noted: a 100 year old male native African named Drew held by J. L. Andrews on page 410; and92 year old female Hannah held by Jno. A. Magruder on page 460. Freed slaves, if listed in the next census, in 1870, would have been reported with their full name, including surname. Some of these former slaves may have been using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder at the time of the 1870 census and they may have still been living in the same State or County. Before presuming an African American was a slave on the 1860 census, the free census for 1860 should be checked, as almost 11% of African Americans were enumerated as free in 1860, with about half of those living in the southern States. Estimates of the number of former slaves who used the surname of a former owner in 1870, vary widely and from region to region. If an African American ancestor with one of these surnames is found on the 1870 census, then making the link to finding that ancestor as a slave requires advanced research techniques involving all obtainable records of the holder.
MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Madison County population included 5,260 whites, 4 "free colored" and 18,118 slaves. By the 1870 census, the white population had increased about 10% to 5,809, while the "colored" population had dropped about 16% to 15,139. (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County was listed as having 9,267 whites, a 76% increase over 1860, but the 1960 total of 23,630 "Negroes"was only about 30% more than what the colored population had been 100 years before.) It should be noted however, that in comparing census data for 1870 and 1960, the transcriber did not take into consideration any relevant changes in county boundaries.
Where did the Madison County freed slaves go if they did not stay in the County? Orleans County in Louisiana saw an increase in colored population of almost double between 1860 and 1870, growing to over 50,000, so likely that is where some went. Lowndes and Warren Counties in Mississippi saw increases of 6,000 and 8,000, but no other Mississippi County showed such a significant increase. Between 1860 and 1870, the Mississippi colored population only increased by 1%, about 6,000. States that saw more significant increases in colored population during that time, and were therefore more likely possible places of relocation for colored persons from Madison County, included the following: Georgia, up 80,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); Alabama, up 37,000 (8%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 (41%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 (6,400%).
SLAVEHOLDER LIST:
ANDERSON, Peter, 78 slaves, page 482
ANDREWS & FEARN, 49 slaves, page 4410
AVERITT, Jesse, 50 slaves, page 476
BALDWIN, O.? W., 54 slaves, page 459B
BALDWIN, Wm. A., 63 slaves, page 453B
BALFOUR, Est. W. L., Kimball manager, 77 slaves, page 431
BALFOUR, Jno. W., 48 slaves, page 484
BALLOU, T. C., 76 slaves, page 439B
BASS, Rev. Isaac R., 124 slaves, page 435
BATTLEY, Wm. F., 68 slaves, page 428B
BODDIE, Jno. W., 64 slaves, page 431
BRADFORD, Benj. M., 123 slaves, page 452B
BRISCOE, Jno., 71 slaves, page 499B
BRITTON, W. J., 62 slaves, page 423
BROWN (see also Moore & Brown)
BROWN, James, 54 slaves, page 485
BROWN, Jno. W., 48 slaves, page 483B
CAMERON, Jno. C., 72 slaves, page 436
CAMERON, M., 88 slaves, page 486
CHAMBERS, Benj., 68 slaves, page 390B
CHEATHAM, Jno. H., 45 slaves, page 410B
CHEEK, Doct. Wm. A., 41 slaves, page 454B
CLARKE, Geo. S. Jr., agent Geo. S. Clarke Senr., 42 slaves, page 401B
COLLINS, Est. S., 42 slaves, page 472B
CORDTZS?, E., 67 slaves, page 494
CRATIN?, Jno. T., 53 slaves, page 455
DAVIS, Joseph R., 65 slaves, page 488
DENSON, W. J., 81 slaves, page 400
DICKENS, A. H., Rev. D. E. B. 9Employer), 76 slaves, page 441B
DIVINE, E. F., 41 slaves, page 474B
DOWNS, Judge Jno. W., 40 slaves, page 487B
DULANEY, Dr. N. J., 43 slaves, page 428
DUNLAVY, Dr. James H., 48 slaves, page 483B
ELDER, Jno. M., 144 slaves, page 477B
FLACK, R. K., 55 slaves, page 493B
FLEMING, R. V. W., 40 slaves, page 461
FULTON, Col. D.? M., 51 slaves, page 482B
FULTON, Mrs. Rebecca, 48 slaves, page 486B
GALTNEY, D. K., 51 slaves, page 459
GARRETT, Mrs. Sarah D., 41 slaves, page 390
GEORGE, J. P. & W. F., 47 slaves, page 458
GILMER, D. H., 64 slaves, page 494B
GREAVES, Genl. S. A., 199 slaves, page 408
GREENWOOD, Est. minor heirs, Mrs. S. A. Luckett guardian, 46 slaves, page 444B
GRIFFIN, Genl. Thos. M., 58 slaves, page 437B
HAMBLEN, Edwin, 64 slaves, page 471
HARDY, G. W., 59 slaves, page 497B
HART, Jno. D., 109 slaves, page 395
HAYES, Hugh W., 60 slaves, page 444
HENDERSON, 91 slaves, page 413
HENDERSON, Est. L. F., Wm. M. Catlett manager, 101 slaves, page 411B
HESTER, Chas., 113 slaves, page 485
HILL, F. J., 57 slaves, page 431B
HILL, Wm., 56 slaves, page 409B
HINTON, E. J., 87 slaves, page 402
HINTON, Mrs. C. A., 47 slaves, page 406
HINTON, W. H., 72 slaves, page 401
HOPKINS, Genl. Wm., 73 slaves, page 445
HORN, P. A., 61 slaves, page 416B
HUESTON, W. J., 51 slaves, page 399B
HULME, Geo. J., 41 slaves, page 411
JIGGITS, Dr. L. M., 83 slaves, page 407
JOHNSON, Dr. R. B., 85 slaves, page 449
JOHNSTONE, G. C., 50 slaves, page 429B
JOHNSTONE, Mrs. M. L., 78 slaves, page 440
JONES, Capt. Friley, 46 slaves, page 406B
JONES, Jno. L., 42 slaves, page 470
KEARNEY, Est. C. D., 75 slaves, page 397B
KEARNEY, Gaston, 75 slaves, page 398
KEARNEY, Jno. K., 48 slaves, page 398B
KEARNEY, W. G., 57 slaves, page 397
KYLE, Jno., 69 slaves, page 440B
LAMBETH, Rev. Jno. R., 43 slaves, page 437B
LANIER, S. H., 64 slaves, page 433
LAWSON, Est. H. A. H., 55 slaves, page 392B
LEGGITT, Est. J. W., 43 slaves, page 477
LEGGITT, Hugh S. & sister, 44 slaves, page 481
LEWIS, High, 64 slaves, page 424B
LIPSCOMB, Jno., 57 slaves, page 413B
LOTT, Est. E. W., W. C. Abel manager, 55 slaves, page 446
LOTT, W. B., 122 slaves, page 463
LOVE, Col. Jefferson, 80 slaves, page 499
LOVE, W. C., 40 slaves, page 474
LUCKETT, Wm. R., 64 slaves, page 461B
MAGRUDER, Est. J. H., Mr.? E. C. M., admr., 54 slaves, page 493
MAGRUDER, Jno. A., 46 slaves, page 460
MANLY, James, J. B. Mills manager, 100 slaves, page 415
MANLY, Wm., E. D. Cox overseer, 115 slaves, page 405
MCFEELY, David, 43 slaves, page 402B
MCGEHEE, Chas. C., 40 slaves, page 430B
MCKIE, Dr. M. C., 55 slaves, page 493B
MCWILLIE, Col. Wm., 116 slaves, page 449B
MHOON, James, 56 slaves, page 441
MONTGOMERY, A. J., 49 slaves, page 425B
MONTGOMERY, E. T., 67 slaves, page 400B
MONTGOMERY, Jno., 69 slaves, page 414B
MONTGOMERY, L. F., 72 slaves, page 425
MOORE, Bettie G. & BROWN, S. D. & Mary, Mrs. Susan Davis guardian minor heirs, 60 slaves, page 488B
MOORE, Est. T. J., 42 slaves, page 475B
MOORE, Jno. B., 44 slaves, page 461
MURRELL, Jno. D., 78 slaves, page 426B
NEAL, L. B., 63 slaves, page 427
NICHOLSON, J. J., 65 slaves, page 417
NICHOLSON, Thos. W., Harris overseer, 98 slaves, page 405B
PERKINS, Col. Jesse, 54 slaves, page 430
POWELL, Est. of, Genl. S. A D. Greaves admr., 61 slaves, page 407B
POWELL, J. R., 42 slaves, page 445
PRITCHARD, B. L., Leonard Lee manager, 55 slaves, page 490
PRITCHARD, B. L. Home Place, 85 slaves, page 490B
PRITCHARD, Est. J. S., B. L. Pritchard administrator, 71 slaves, page 489B
PRITCHARD, Mrs. Frances, 41 slaves, page 489
RABB, Mrs. Nancy M., 46 slaves, page 451B
REID, Dr. Wm. M., 95 slaves, page 478
RICHARDSON, E., 52 slaves, page 484B
RICKS, Benj. S., 151 slaves, page 404
RIDLEY, S. J., 48 slaves, page 426
ROBINSON, Jno. Meadow Place, J. M. Tanner overseer, 83 slaves, page 420B
ROBINSON, Jno. Hill Place, J. R. Tucker overseer, 130 slaves, page 419B
ROBINSON, Jno. Sycamore Place, overseer Slocumb, 122 slaves, page 418
ROBINSON, Jno. Valley Place, Tit. Barns overseer, 105 slaves, page 419
ROBINSON, Jno. Cottage Place, Wm. T. H. Hammack overseer, 110 slaves, page 421
ROSS, Geo. A., 80 slaves, page 495
ROSS, Wm. E., 43 slaves, page 428
SANDERS, C. G., 83 slaves, page 476B
SAUNDERS, R. C., 59 slaves, page 481B
SEMMES, Col. Thomas, 97 slaves, page 396
SHACKELFORD, C. C., Waverly Place, Donovan manager, 42 slaves, page 480B
SHACKLEFORD, C. C. Bank Place, S. D. Collins overseer, 49 slaves, page 424
SHACKLEFORD, Judge Thos., 121 slaves, page 496
SHOTWELL & WALES, 70 slaves, page 414
SIMPSON, James, 48 slaves, page 487B
SKIDMORE, C. S., 69V21B
SMITH, Maj. Jno., 61 slaves, page 480
SMITH, Wm., 48 slaves, page 456
STOKES, Saml. J., 82 slaves, page 497
SUMMER, Jno. L. & J. E., 59 slaves, page 391B
SUTHERLAND, P. R., 61 slaves, page 447B
TARPLEY, Est. E.? S., 123 slaves, page 412
THOMAS, Dr. Jas. P., 55 slaves, page 483
THOMAS, Jno. H., 56 slaves, page 496B
THOMPSON, Lewis S., 83 slaves, page 433B
TUPPER, Col. T. C., 58 slaves, page 391
WALKER, Major W. F., 45 slaves, page 438B
WARREN, Jackson, 42 slaves, page 484
WELLS, Mary, 53 slaves, page 429
WILLIAMS, D. G., 46 slaves, page 454
WILLIS, Jno. S., 44 slaves, page 443B
YELLOWLEY?, Est. J. B., Pridgen manager, 110 slaves, page 432
YOUNG, Elijah, 50 slaves, page 466B
SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS:
(exact surname spellings only are reported, no spelling variations or soundex)
(SURNAME, # in US, in State, in County, born in State, born and living in State, born in State and living in County)
ANDERSON, 8178, 838, 32, 621, 455, 19
ANDREWS, 1160, 75, 7, 53, 37, 2
AVERITT, 15, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0
BALDWIN, 634, 73, 8, 33, 26, 1
BALFOUR, 7, 4, 0, 2, 2, 0
BALLOU, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
BASS, 764, 77, 15, 64, 48, 6
BATTLEY, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
BODDIE, 79, 12, 0, 4, 4, 0
BRADFORD, 911, 123, 0, 84, 55, 0
BRISCOE, 286, 33, 11, 18, 14, 4
BRITTON, 273, 33, 6, 27, 20, 2
BROWN, 27013, 2270, 82, 1679, 1198, 38
CAMERON, 345, 33, 3, 26, 22, 2
CHAMBERS, 1237, 139, 39, 98, 69, 14
CHEATHAM, 384, 40, 6, 18, 17, 3
CHEEK, 140, 23, 15, 13, 13, 8
CLARKE, 641, 41, 0, 24, 17, 0
COLLINS, 3004, 406, 30, 339, 263, 18
CORDTZS?, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
CRATIN?, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0
DAVIS, 13725, 1397, 53, 1038, 743, 28
DENSON, 125, 15, 1, 10, 7, 0
DICKENS, 207, 30, 2, 16, 11, 0
DIVINE, 32, 10, 9, 5, 5, 5
DOWNS, 257, 24, 6, 21, 15, 6
DULANEY, 18, 9, 0, 3, 3, 0
DUNLAVY, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
ELDER, 249, 19, 3, 8, 5, 2
FEARN, 24, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0
FLACK, 34, 2, 2, 1, 0, 0
FLEMING, 722, 68, 14, 48, 31, 10
FULTON, 348, 39, 5, 21, 17, 2
GALTNEY, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1
GARRETT, 1025, 106, 19, 66, 50, 12
GEORGE, 1085, 62, 11, 46, 30, 5
GILMER, 230, 30, 0, 16, 16, 0
GREAVES, 14, 4, 1, 4, 4, 1
GREENWOOD, 227, 41, 27, 19, 14, 10
GRIFFIN, 2464, 335, 26, 256, 190, 8
HAMBLEN, 33, 22, 22, 14, 13, 13
HARDY, 1078, 129, 6, 69, 54, 2
HART, 1129, 105, 25
HAYES, 561, 36, 11, 30, 20, 5
HENDERSON, 3706, 352, 23, 285, 180, 10
HESTER, 359, 36, 2, 31, 25, 0
HILL, 6675, 484, 26, 313, 211, 8
HINTON, 615, 69, 16, 39, 36, 4
HOPKINS, 1286, 83, 3, 58, 39, 1
HORN, 379, 43, 1, 25, 18, 1
HUESTON, 15, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0
HULME, 5, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1
JIGGITS, 15, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0
JOHNSON, 33402, 2900, 125, 2240, 1541, 67
JOHNSTONE, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
JONES, 27193, 2500, 177, 1785, 1318, 96
KEARNEY, 118, 7, 2, 4, 3, 0
KYLE, 228, 29, 3, 20, 10, 0
LAMBETH, 28, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0
LANIER, 260, 32, 2, 15, 11, 0
LAWSON, 1047, 66, 12, 37, 25, 5
LEGGITT, 10, 4, 3, 2, 2, 2
LEWIS, 8707, 690, 24, 528, 366, 7
LIPSCOMB, 385, 24, 1, 15, 12, 1
LOTT, 263, 112, 22, 75, 65, 11
LOVE, 1109, 230, 28, 128, 102, 18
LUCKETT, 171, 92, 84, 31, 31, 26
MAGRUDER, 175, 4, 3, 1, 1, 1
MANLY, 171, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0
MCFEELY, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
MCGEHEE, 185, 74, 0, 49, 48, 0
MCKIE, 39, 19, 8, 12, 9, 3
MCWILLIE, 9, 3, 2, 1, 1, 0
MHOON, 34, 27, 8, 6, 6, 2
MONTGOMERY, 1303, 172, 19, 139, 103, 12
MOORE, 8698, 1061, 68, 660, 483, 32
MURRELL, 120, 11, 6, 7, 4, 1
NEAL, 1145, 99, 12, 65, 49, 9
NICHOLSON, 453, 89, 5, 48, 39, 1
PERKINS, 1897, 263, 4
POWELL, 2420, 206, 25, 139, 107, 10
PRITCHARD, 114, 11, 2, 7, 6, 1
RABB, 67, 5, 1, 4, 2, 0
REID, 1023, 89, 15, 54, 45, 8
RICHARDSON, 3741, 271, 13, 183, 123, 6
RICKS, 351, 14, 6, 13, 6, 1
RIDLEY, 316, 30, 9, 23, 20, 8
ROBINSON, 8046, 715, 25, 511, 356, 13
ROSS, 3113, 332, 25, 267, 200, 18
SANDERS, 3090, 360, 26, 261, 182, 14
SAUNDERS, 1072, 62, 2, 41, 30, 2
SEMMES, 25, 13, 11, 4, 4, 3
SHACKELFORD, 179, 29, 9, 16, 12, 4
SHACKLEFORD, 138, 18, 0, 10, 6, 0
SHOTWELL, 50, 22, 0, 7, 6, 0
SIMPSON, 1788, 133, 35, 90, 60, 14
SKIDMORE, 22, 8, 2, 6, 5, 2
SMITH, 29087, 2581, 126, 1912, 1396, 67
STOKES, 946, 117, 13, 59, 43, 4
SUMMER, 80, 9, 1, 8, 4, 0
SUTHERLAND, 88, 24, 22, 15, 14, 12
TARPLEY, 45, 4, 2, 2, 2, 1
THOMAS, 11418, 945, 61, 726, 526, 27
THOMPSON, 8826, 916, 66, 640, 469, 21
TUPPER, 15, 11, 9, 7, 7, 5
WALES, 66, 14, 12, 4, 3, 3
WALKER, 8492, 814, 36, 576, 405, 20
WARREN, 1697, 182, 3, 140, 89, 2
WELLS, 1647, 192, 5, 142, 109, 3
WILLIAMS, 28865, 2889, 122, 2265, 1616, 69
WILLIS, 2042, 223, 12, 176, 132, 5
YELLOWLEY?, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
YOUNG, 6185, 690, 28, 468, 348, 14
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