400
HISTORY
OF MARSHALL COUNTY.
LXXIII.
INTERESTING HISTORICAL INFORMATION.
Marshall
County was named after Chief Justice Marshall, of the supreme court of the
United States. It occupies a territory, of twenty-one miles square, or 441
square miles.
It
was organized by Samuel C. Sample, Peter Johnson and Griffin Treadway,
commissioners named in the act of the legislature for that purpose, on the
twentieth of July 1836. The seat of justice was established at Plymouth the
same day.
The
original proprietors of Plymouth were William Polk, John Sering and James
Blair. William Polk was a resident of Fulton County, and erected, a short
distance north of the Tippecanoe River, on the east side of the Michigan road,
the first frame house in northern Indiana. He was employed to look after the
interest of the government in regard to Indian treaties, and was also
interested in opening the Michigan road, being one of the contractors. John
Sering was a resident of Jefferson county at Madison, and James Blair of Vermillion
county. Blair and Sering were also interested in opening the Michigan road, and
in that way probably secured the land on which Plymouth is located. When Gen.
John Tipton removed the Pottawatomie Indians from Twin Lakes in 1838 he
delivered them to William Polk at Danville, who had been appointed by the
United States government to receive them at that place, and from there he took
charge of them and delivered them on the reservation provided for them on the
Osage river west of the Missouri river.
The
county was organized into townships from time to time, on the dates following:
HISTORY
OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 401
Center,
July 20, 1836.
Green,
July 20, 1836.
North,
July 20, 1836.
German,
May 11, 1838.
Bourbon,
January 6,1840,
Union,
March 1, 1840.
Tippecanoe,
March 9, 1842.
Polk,
March 4, 1845.
West,
March 8, 1854.
Walnut,
June 9, 1859.
The
following towns were laid out and organized on the dates given:
Plymouth,
July 20 1836.
Bourbon,
April 23, 1853.
Bremen,
October 21, 1851.
Argos,
January 8, 1851.
Inwood,
December 20, 1854.
Tyner,
June 18, 1855.
Uniontown,
June 8, 1844, changed to Marmont, 1851
Marmont,
1851. Culver, 1896.
Maxinkuckee,
no date of organization.
Tippecanoe
Town, December 12, 1850.
Teegarden,
October 30, 1873.
La
Paz, August 5, 1873.
Panama,
September 6, 1854.
Walnut,
April 16, 1866.
Linkville,
June 9, 1866.
Donelson,
October 25, 1871.
Ilion,
1882.
Rutland,
1882.
Hibbard,
1882.
Burr
Oak, 1882.
The
population of the county according to the official census each decade has been
as follows: 1836,600; 1840, 1,650; 1850,5,600; 1860, 12,500; 1870, 20,211;
1880, 23,403; 1890, 23,818; 1900, 25,119.
The
first courthouse was a frame building erected by the proprietors of the town in
consideration of the location of the county seat in Plymouth. Its cost was
about $300, and was located on the northwest corner of Michigan and Adams
streets. There were no rooms in it, and the county officers kept their offices
at their residences, or at some of the business houses downtown. When not in
use for court purposes, and there was not much court business in those days, it
was used for school purposes and for town meetings.
The
second courthouse was built in 1850, on the grounds, at a cost of $5,000.
The
third, the present courthouse, was completed and occupied June 11, 1872. Its
original cost was $105,000.
The
first county jail was built on the south side of the courthouse square, and was
completed August 7, 1838.
402
HISTORY
OF MARSHALL COUNTY.
The
material of which it was erected was white burr oak hewn logs. The cost was
$399.
The
second county jail was of brick and was built by Albert Bass at a cost of
$2,380. It was completed June 1, 1851.
The
third, the present jail, was erected by Wm. H. Myers, of Fort Wayne, in 1879,
at a probable cost, including everything connected with it, of $25,000.
The
first county asylum was purchased in 1849 at a cost of $1,671. It was a farm
and dwelling situated three miles west of Plymouth on the La Forte road. It was
sold June 19, 1853, for $1,350, and a farm purchased near Tyner, which was used
for the care of the indigent poor until the completion of the present asylum,
three miles east of Plymouth, September 12, 1893. The entire expense of the
present asylum was as follows: For land, $19,547.50; for building asylum, etc.,
$33,364.83; for barn, $2,763.88; total, $55,677.2l.
The
first election held in the county was August 5, 1836, at which only 135 votes
were cast.
The
first telegraph line built to this place was from LaPorte by way of the
Kankakee Bridge in 1852. The citizens subscribed money to buy a telegraph
instrument and an office was opened in that year with Henry Cougle the first
operator. He served until the early part of 1853, when he was succeeded by
Daniel McDonald.
The
second line was built in the early part of 1858, on the line of the Fort Wayne
and Chicago railroad, and was especially intended for the use of the road.
Daniel McDonald was the first operator on that line.
The
third line was built along the line of the old Indianapolis, Peru & Chicago
railroad in 1862. The name of the first operator is not known. Since then lines
have been constructed along the tracks of the New York, Chicago & St. Louis
railroad, the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, and the Vandalia railroad. On all
these roads there are numerous lines stretched, and, without stopping to count
them, at a guess there must be as many as 100 lines leading in every direction
through and out of the county.
A
telephone exchange was established in Plymouth in 1881, with C. A. Reeve
manager. Since then the business has grown until nearly all the business houses
and many residences have been supplied with telephones, and lines have been
constructed to all the towns in the county, and many farmers throughout the
county have had telephone instruments put in their dwellings.
The
LaPorte & Plymouth was the first railroad that reached Plymouth. It was
completed July 18, 1856. Its name has been changed many times, and it is now
known as the Lake Erie & Western railroad.
The
Fort Wayne & Chicago railroad was completed from Fort Wayne to Plymouth
November 10, 1856.
The
Baltimore & Ohio was completed through the northern part of the county,
running through Bremen, La Paz and Teegarden in December 1874.
The
New York, Chicago & St. Louis railroad was completed through the southern
part of the
HISTORY
OF MARSHALL COUNTY 403
county,
running through Ilion, Argos, Rutland, Hibbard and Burr Oak in 1884. This road
is better known as "The Nickel Plate."
The
Terre Haute & Logansport, better known as the Vandalia, was completed from
Logansport by way of Maxinkuckee Lake, Plymouth and La Paz to South Bend, in
the fall of 1883 and spring of 1884.
First
Events
The
following are among the first things:
The
first marriage license was issued June 21, 1836 to John W. Cruzan and Matilda
Henderson. The marriage ceremony was performed by Wm. G. Pomeroy, justice of
the peace.
The
first representative in the state legislature was Joel Long, of Kosciusko
County, Kosciusko and Marshall counties being then a legislative district.
John
Dixon was granted license to vend merchandise in 1836, and was the first
merchant. John Compton in 1836 was the first licensed hotel keeper.
The
first estate administered on was that of Mary Pattengale, Adam Vinnedge,
administrator, November 13, 1837.
The
first letter of guardianship was issued November 14, 1836, to Thomas Robb, on
the person and estate of his daughter, Nancy Robb.
The
first judgment taken in court was for $331, in favor of Sidney Williams, of
Green Township.
The
first saw mill was built in Plymouth by Milburn Coe, in 1837, on the west bank
of Yellow river, about half-way to the north between what is now known as the
Zehner’s flouring mill and the mill dam above.
The
first gristmill was erected by Timothy Barber in West Township at the place
known as the “Old Forge,” at the west end of Twin Lakes.
The
first lawyers were Gustavus A. Everts and R. L. Farnsworth, not long after the
organization of the county. There was little law business here then they soon
left for La Porte or South Bend.
The
first physician was Dr. Jeroloman, of Logansport, who had been sent here by the
government to administer such medical aid as the Pottawattomie Indians might
need. After the Indians were removed he returned to Logansport.
The
first indictment by the grand jury was against Robert Beattie for selling
liquor unlawfully.
The
first white child born in the county was Cyrus Taber, in 1834, son of Mr. and
Mrs. Samuel D. Taber, who lived two miles south of Plymouth on the Michigan
road, and who kept a tavern, which he called Pashpo, in honor of an Indian
Chief by that name who lived in the vicinity. Cyrus Tabor died several years
ago.
For
many years the distinction of being the oldest inhabitant of the county
belonged to Robert Schroeder, of North Township. Since his death a number of
years ago, the honor seems to have fallen to Charles W. Morgan, also of North
Township, who came to the county and has resided here since 1834.
The
first newspaper published in the county was the Plymouth Pilot, the first
number of which was issued April 16, 1851, by John Q. Howell, editor and
proprietor. Another paper prior to the Pilot - The Journal – was said to have
been issued here, but diligent investigation has failed to obtain
HISTORY
OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 404
any
reliable information in regard to it, so the Pilot is accorded the distinction
of being the first newspaper published in the county.
November
26, 1851, S. Lasher advertised that he had taken rooms in the courthouse for
the purpose of taking "daguerrean likenesses (not caricatures) " and
added: "Parents, soon these frail tenements will be mouldering in the
dust-secure, then, the image ere the substance fade, to leave as a memel1to to
your children in after years when you are gone and as children may die, would
it not be well to preserve a true likeness when so easily obtained? An
opportunity is now offered to secure the shadow ere the substance fade; let
nature copy that which nature made."
Mr.
Lasher was the first daguerreotypist ever in Plymouth. He was followed shortly
afterwards by J. E. Armstrong. His studio was, in the third house north on the
northwest corner of Michigan and Jefferson streets. He removed to Illinois
about 1854, and for a longtime Plymouth was without a photograph artist.
The
following notice appeared in an issue of the Plymouth Banner, in 1853:
"Education-Knowledge, is power. The subscriber takes this method of
informing the citizens of Plymouth and vicinity that he will open a schoolhouse
on Monday, the twenty-fifth of July 1853. Terms: Common English branches, per
quarter, $2.50; Natural Philosophy, Algebra and Geometry, $3.00;
Languages-Greek, Latin and French, $5.00,
"JASPER
PACKARD.”
Since
then Gen. Packard lived a lifetime; had been a member of congress, a general in
the war of the Rebellion, a newspaper editor many years, and at the time of his
death a few years ago, when acting as governor of the Indiana Soldiers Home at
LaFayette, had lived to see the great free School system of Indiana firmly
established with a permanent school fund of $12,000,000.
R.
Sands & Co.'s "Hippofereien" circus performed in Plymouth on
September 17, 1851. On Sunday, October 11, 1851, the following citizens started
overland to the newly discovered gold mines of California: Jacob K. Hupp,
William Hupp, John C. How, Edward Tibbitts, David Gibbons, Henry McFarlin, Adam
Vinnedge, John Harvey and Jacob Freese. All these men are dead.
April
16, 1851, James Bannon, then one of Plymouth's leading businessmen, published
the following notice to the public:
"William
Marshall, an Indian, procured from me a note for $2'2, dated March 22, 1851,
payable two days after date, signed by me. Said note was fraudulently obtained,
and I shall refuse to pay it. James Bannon."
This
Bill Marshall was a bad Indian. He was killed two or three years after this
time by another Indian by the name of Nigo, who lived north of Bourbon, in a
quarrel that arose between them growing out of Marshall attempting liberties
about Nigo's premises which resulted in Marshall's death by Nigo taking his gun
down from over the fireplace and shooting him dead on the spot. Nigo was
released by the coroner's jury on a plea of self-defense.
In
1851 Marshall County, according to the report made to the governor, contained
45,280 acres of swamp land.
In
a June issue of the Plymouth Pilot the following notice appeared:
HISTORY
OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 405
“Washington
Society – We have been requested to state that a meeting of this society will
be held on Monday evening next at early candle light, at the
Presbyterian church. The meeting will be addressed by Judge Fuller.”
The
Presbyterian Church referred to was located on the lot where now is located the
city hall. For several years this church was about the only building in town
where public meetings could be held and it was frequently used for temperance
meetings and gatherings such as could be held with propriety in a building set
apart for religious purposes.
In
the Pilot of July 1851, the following accidents are recorded:
“ A
melancholy accident occurred in our town Saturday morning last. John Moore, who
drives the stage between this place and South Bend, was kicked by a horse
breaking his jaw and nearly depriving him of his life”
A
few still residing here will remember John Moore and his wife, who were among
the early young people of Plymouth. A few years after the above occurrence they
removed to the western country, and if still living their whereabouts are
unknown.
The
editor said:
“We
are called to announce another fatal accident. A son of Judge Jacoby, living
about four miles from town, was killed on the eleventh inst. while rolling logs
On hitching to a log and starting, the log turned around and struck a dead
stub, which it knocked down and struck the boy on the head, breaking his skull
and shoulder blade and killing him instantly.”
Judge
Jacoby was one of the associate judges of the circuit court about that time,
and was one of the prominent pioneers of the county. He lived east of Plymouth
in what was known as “the Jacoby neighborhood” and nearly half a century ago
with his family settled in Missouri, where he remained until his death thirty
odd years ago.
The
report of the proceedings of the legislature in the paper for July 18, 1851,
contained the following:
“The
bill relative to the South Bend and Plymouth Plank Road Company was read a
third time and passed.”
“the senate bill to authorize the assessment
and collection of a specific tax for road purposes in Marshall county was read
a third time and passed.”
“The
bill incorporating the La Porte and Plymouth Bridge Company was read a third
time and passed.”
At
that time Plymouth had an extensive manufacturing establishment, the following
advertisement of which reads very strange in these days. It was as follows:
“
John Cougle, manufacturer of Salaratus, and dealer in Potash, Black Salts,
Ashes, etc., for which is now in full operation, and making more and better
Salaratus than any other establishment of the kind in the state”
Benjamin
Reed advertised the same kind of business at his “old stand about eight miles
east of Plymouth.”
406
HISTORY
OF MARSHALL COUNTY
The
Oldest Settler
Charles
W. Morgan, now residing in North Township, claims to be and is undoubtedly, the
oldest settler in Marshall County. He was born in October 13, 1823, and came
with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Silas Morgan to Marshall County, arriving here
on the first day of June 1833. His father, Silas Morgan, was a contractor in
opening the Michigan road, and, being a carpenter was employed and built the
first bridge across Yellow river, where the present bridge is now located on
Michigan street. It was a rough structure, the sills being logs cut of
sufficient length and laid the proper height on cross logs. The flooring was
what was called hewed puncheons, fastened to the sills by wooden pins driven
into auger holes. It was only wide enough for a single team and wagon to pass
over. Yellow river was very uncertain at that time. It was fed from the marshes
and swamps and branches and creeks, and especially from the outlet from Lake of
the Woods, about halfway between Plymouth and Bremen and when a heavy rain came
the river immediately filled its banks to overflowing. The consequence was that
the bridge, not being on a very solid foundation, soon gave way under the
pressure of the water and washed out. During the first few years the bridge had
to be rebuilt several times. The bottom of the river was muck and mild and it
was almost impossible to put in a foundation that would stand the pressure of
the high water, A number of bridges were built prior to the present structure,
each one being a little improvement on the one previous. Silas Morgan was also
the contractor and builder of the first Seminary building, somewhere in the
'50s. He was also the first recorder of Marshall County, and served from April
23, 1836, to May 7, 1837. He died December 19, 1863. Charles W. Morgan, the
subject of this sketch, has been a farmer most of his life, and, although in
his eighty- fifth year, is hale and hearty and bids fair to live many years
yet.
The
Cold New Year -
January 1, 1864, has come down in the history of the weather in Marshall County
as "The Cold New Year." Few people living here now can remember the
date-whether it was January 1, 1863, or 1864. For the purpose of settling the
question for all time to come, it is here stated that the date was January 1,
1864. The very imperfect thermometers here at that time registered all the way
from twenty-two to twenty- six degrees below zero-owing to the place the
thermometer was hung up.
Both
of the papers published in Plymouth at that time-the Democrat and
Republican-agreed on the intensity of the cold being twenty-two degrees below
zero. They also both stated that there was no mail from Chicago from Thursday
evening, December 31, to Sunday evening, January 3, 1864, no trains over the
Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago railroad being able to get out of the city
during that time. For nearly a week business was almost entirely suspended, but
beyond this nothing serious occurred on account of the "Cold New
Year."
407 HISTORY
OF MARSHALL COUNTY
CLOSING WORDS
The historian comes now to the end of his part in the production of this volume, and he does not feel like closing the task now at an end without a final word to his readers. Those who are without experience in history writing can have no conception of the labor and difficulties that confront the historian even in so insignificant a work as that which precedes these closing words. The historian is aware that a peroration ought not to be necessary to the elucidation of the matter contained in the work, for it should be sufficiently self-explanatory without it. It looks like an attempt to paint the lily, or add anther tinge to the rainbow; but it is not. It is for the purpose of begging the reader’s pardon for whatever he may see in the work that does not please him, and to say to him that the historian regrets a thousand times more than he does the matter about which he may be displeased was one of the psychological happenings that could not be avoided. As this is the last work of this kind, or any other for that matte, he will ever attempt, the disappointed reader may congratulate himself that his affliction will cease with the perusal of the foregoing pages.
In
the preparation of this work it has been the aim of the historian to gather
together the facts and to treat briefly every subject relating to the
inhabitants of the county from the earliest period down to the present time,
and so in his researches he has gone back in the misty mazes of the past so far
that the memory of man runneth not to the contrary. He has dug into the earth
and brought forth several fine specimens of the bones of the mastodon, which
were supposed to exist at an epoch anterior to man. He has also investigated so
far as time and opportunity permitted the Mound of the mastodon and prior to
the coming of the American Indiana. Unmistakable evidences of the presence of
the Mound Builders in this part of the country have been found but nothing as
to their history, or from whence they came or whither they went was discovered.
The buffalo were plentiful here prior to the coming of the Indians, and some
few specimens were seen in this region a few years prior to the settlement of
the county in the early part of the last century. The Pottawatomie Indians to
the number of 1,500 or 2,000 occupied the territory now embraced in Marshall
County. The historian has given a full account as to how the white settlers
became possessed of the territory belonging to the Indians; how their lands
were taken from them and they were driven away beyond the Missouri River, which
he believes will be the most interesting part of this work. They were the first
owners of the land and the first inhabitants, and as such should be accorded
the most prominent place in any history of the county.
It
has been the aim of the historian to confine himself to matter connected in
some way with the history of the county, and to state the facts as near, as
they could be ascertained, embellished, and such flights of rhetoric at his
command as the subject seemed to require, and in no instance has he
HISTORY
OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 408
ventured
an opinion of his own in regard to the subject about which he has written. He
has aimed to occupy the position of a witness sworn to tell the truth, the
whole truth, and nothing but the truth, testifying before those who are to sit
in judgment upon the testimony submitted.
For
more than a year the author has devoted all the time at his disposal to the
preparation of this work, having in view the sole object to make it as complete
and perfect as a work of this kind could be made. Every source of information
that promised results so far as possible has been thoroughly investigated, and
events, facts and dates so far as could be done have been verified and the
whole arranged in a readable connected story of the early settlement and
history of Marshall county.
The
work has been a labor of love, and in making it as complete and satisfactory to
the reader as possible the author leaves it to the citizens of Marshall county
as a memorial of the love and esteem he bears for them and the grand old county
where his entire active life has been spent, and where he has many times been
honored, possibly beyond his merits, with honorable and high official
positions.
To
many friends who have assisted in, the work the writer is under lasting
obligation, and to one and all he extends his heartfelt thanks to the publishers
of this work especially, and their gentlemanly assistants who have at all times
rendered valuable aid when the opportunity presented itself, sincere thanks are
hereby tendered.
Hoping
and trusting that that charity which covers a multitude of shortcomings will be
extended in all its fullness, and invoking the indulgence of the reader in
behalf of whatever may be found amiss, the historian, bidding each and all
"a hearty, warm, fond adieu," turns his face from the "graves of
the dead past" to the opening scenes of a brighter and better future.
DANIEL MCDONALD