Henry Tilbury
Baker of Stratford le Bow
Tory Voter
Vestryman of his Parish
Note: It would seem unlikely that there were two contemporary Henry Tilburys, bakers of Stratford le Bow, early 18th century, and therefore this page is based on the assumption that they were one and the same person (Caroline, September 2006).
1660-1685 Charles II, 1685-1688 James II, 1689-1694 William & Mary: Stuart (restored)
1694-1702 William III, 1702-1714 Anne: Orange
1714-1727 George I: Hanover
Stratford-le-Bow: separated from the parish of Stepney in 1730.
Stratford Langthorn (where there was previously an abbey) (Stratford at Bow), Essex; and Stratford by, or le, Bow (where there was sometime a house for nuns), Middlesex.
For a period before 1833, an annual fair for selling young geese was held in Whitsun week.
Probate, Will of Henry Tilbury, baker of St. Mary Stratford Le Bow, Middlesex
25 May 1721 (ref: PCC/PRO.11/580)
My thanks to MichaelH for this summary
Son John TILBURY: lands and tenements in Holloway in the county of Middlesex.
Honoured Mother Elizabeth TILBURY: £5 for mourning.
Wife Anne TILBURY: one third of the residue.
The other two thirds of the residue in equal parts to daughters Anne, Elizabeth, and Sarah TILBURY when they reach 21 or marry.
From "London Pollbooks, 1713: Voters, R - T"
(published 1907)
Available at the London Record Society
& British History Online
London Politics 1713-1717
Minutes of a Whig club 1714-1717 (published 1981) (pages 111-23)
"Tilbury, Henry, bak B"
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=38813&strquery=tilbury
Finding of the pollbooks, the election, candidates, polling, results (pages 62-4)
"If a voter supported all four Whigs, the letter A has been placed at the end of his entry; if all four Tories, the letter B has been used."
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=38807
Livery Company Membership
Abbreviations (page 65)
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http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=38808
The Common Council, 1716
Wards of London
A list of the Wards and parishes they covered is published here:
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=38805
The Commissions for Building Fifty New Churches
From "The Minute Books, 1711-27, a Calendar"
(published 1986)
Available at the London Record Society
& British History Online
Minutes of the Commissioners: 1718 (Lambeth MS 2691)
pages 64-74
"7,8. Agreed, subject to consent of Bishop of London, to list submitted at last meeting by the Solicitor, assisted by Sir H. Masters and Peck, of officers and vestrymen for the new parish of Stratford Bow, viz.,
churchwardens: Abraham Wilmer, William Fletcher;
surveyors of highways: William Van Luth, Richard Remnant;
overseers of the poor: William Blackmor, William Ellis;
vestry: Rev. Dr. Henry Lamb and the minister for the time being, Robt. Hardesty, John Round, Metford, Ambrose Page, Thos. Wilson, Esquires; Abraham Wilmer, gent. Messrs. Daniel Selman, Jonathan Sandford (grocer), Hy. Tilbury (baker), Nich. Greenslate, Thos. Kynneston (silk dyer), and the church wardens for the time being."
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=38878&strquery=tilbury
Minutes of the Commissioners: 1719
pages 74-9
"228. [p. 68] 2 Apr. 1719
1. Vestrymen and officers appointed for Stratford le Bow and Old Ford:
churchwardens: Mr. Abraham Wilmer, Mr Wm. Fletcher;
overseers: Thos. Mitchell, Isaac le Hob;
surveyors of highways: Wm. Van Leut, Rich. Remnant.
Vestrymen: Rev. Dr. Robt. Warren, Ambrose Page, Robt. Hardesty, John Mitford, Abr. Wilmer, and Daniel Selman, Esquires; Jonathan Sanford, Hy. Tilbury, Nich. Greenslade, Thos. Kinnaston, Abr. Kemp, Wm. Andrewes, John Warner, and churchwardens."
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=38879&strquery=tilbury
From "Parish Law" by Joseph Shaw, published 1750 (Edited In the Savoy, Printed by H. Lintot, for R. Ware [etc.])
Chapter 12
20. Ministers of the 50 new Churches
"By Stat. 1 Geo. I. c. 23. a Fund is raised towards providing for the Ministers of the fifty new Churches; which is by a Duty of 3s. per Chaldron or per Ton, on Coals and [Culm] brought into the Thames, between Michaelmas 1724 and Michaelmas 1725."
26. St. Mary Stratford Bow
"The Statute 3 Geo. 2. c. 3. provides for the Rector of the Parish of St. Mary Stratford Bow in Middlesex, viz. three thousand five hundred Pounds, to be laid out in the Purchase of Lands; &c. and forty Pounds a Year to be raised by the Churchwardens upon Pews, & c. Vide the Act.
Chapter 14
6. Clause in the Acts for building fifty new Churches
"Though, as has been said, a Parish Clerk be not of himself a Person corporate, nor hath Succession, yet by a Charter dated so long ago as 17 Hen. 3. the Parish Clerks in and about the City of London were incorporated, and pursuant thereunto have several By-Laws and Ordinances among them. And pursuant hereunto, in the Acts for building and settling the fifty new Churches, there is a Clause to provide, that the Parish Clerk of the new Parish shall be a Member of the Corporation or Company of Master, Wardens, Assistants and Brethren of the Parish Clerks of the Parish Churches of the City and Suburbs of London, and the Liberties thereof, the City of Westminster, and Borough of Southwark, and the fifteen Out-Parishes in the Letters Patent of the said Corporation named, who make weekly and yearly Accounts, commonly called the Bills of Mortality, of the Christenings and Burials happening in their several Parishes, and for their being subject to the Rules and Orders of the said Company; as any other Parish Clerk is or ought to be."
7. Advice about them [Parish Clerks]
"Bishop Kennet tells us, that the Parish Clerk formerly was to take an Oath of Fidelity to the Parish Priest, and was sometimes maintained by the Appropriators as a menial Servant to the Vicar, and that they were formerly to be Men of Letters, and to teach a School in the Parish, and were sometimes elected by the Parishioners, upon whose Alms and Oblations they were supposed to live. And that by the Constitutions of Alexander Bishop of Coventry 1237, and by the Synod of Cologne 1280, Parish Clerks were to be Schoolmasters in Country Villages, and adds, that it would be good Service to this Church and Nation, to restore the ancient Practice, especially in remote Country Villages; to which I may add the Charity Schools, where the Clerk would do much to the Service of God, and the Benefit of the People, if he were employed to instruct the Children in Reading and Writing, and rehearsing the Church Catechism, that they might be bred to a Sense of Christianity and good Manners."
Chapter 17
7. Clause in the Acts for building fifty new Churches
"There are in several Parishes several differing Customs, both as to the Electing, Government and Management of these select Vestries, which was the Reason that in the Stat. made 10 Ann. c. 11. for the building the fifty new Churches in or near London or Westminster, there is a Clause whereby five or more of the Commissioners, with the Consent of the Ordinary, are impowered by a Writing under their Hands and Seals, to be inrolled in Chancery, to name a sufficient Number of the Inhabitants of each new Parish to be Vestrymen thereof, and upon the Death or Removel, &c. of any Vestrymen, the rest, or the Majority, may choose another, being an Inhabitant and Householder in the Parish."
Chapter 18
14. Vestries, &c., must provide one or more Engines against Fire, &c.
"By Statute 6 Ann. c. 31. every Parish within the Bills of Mortality, shall at all Times have and keep in Repair in some publick Place in each Parish, a large Engine, and Hand-Engine, for Extinguishing Fires, and one leathern Pipe and Socket of the same Size as the Plug or Fire-cock, to the Intent the Socket may be put into the Pipe to convey the Water clean into the Engine."
15. And may assess Rates for the same
"And by Statue 7 Ann. C. 17. the Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor and Inhabitants, &c. in a Vestry assembled, shall and may rate and assess such competent Sums of Money as shall be necessary to defry the Charges of providing and maintaining the Engines, Stop-blocks and Fire-cocks, and other Implements and Materials; which Rates being confirmed as the Poor's Rates, are, may be levied in the same Manner. And if the Vestries within the Weekly Bills of Mortality shall think it necessary to have more than one great Engine, or Hand Engine, they may provide them at the Parish Charge, by an Assessment to be made, and under the same Regulation as in the preceding Clause are mentioned...."
From "The Annual Register - for the Year 1829" (published by Edmund Burke 1830)
Public Acts - Of a Local and Personal Nature, to be noticed by the Courts
"vii. An Act for increasing the number of vestrymen, and regulating the nomination and appointment of vestrymen and parish officers, for the parish of St. Mary Stratford Bow, in the county of Middlesex, and providing for the better relief, maintenance, and employment of the poor of the said parish."
From "A History of Inventions and Discoveries" by Francis Sellon White, 1827
(Printed for C. and J. Rivington, London, by Creasy and Baker)
"ARCH... The church of St. Mary, in Cheapside, built in the reign of William the Conqueror, is said to have been the first church built with Arches of stone, and for that reason was named St. Mary de Arcubus, that is, St. Mary le Bow, and for the same reason, the first arched stone bridge erected at Stratford, near London, by Matilda, wife of Hen.I., gave the name to that village of Stratford le Bow. The foundation of St. Paul's, built in 1187, was secured by Arches."
12thC Bow Bridge |
From "The Gentlemen's Magazine" July, 1836 (by Sylvanus Urban, gent.)
Society of Antiquaries (page 81)
June 2:
"The reading continued of Mr. Alfred Burges's memoir on the history of the bridge at Stratford le Bow. If we rightly understood, he seems to suppose that the late building was not of the remote antiquity which is generally suppposed; as he considers the arches to be of the Tudor style."
June 16:
"A. J. Kempe, esq. F.S.A. exhibited a fac-simile of the plan of the four great Roman ways, the Ikenild, the Foss, the Ermin, and the Watling streets, preserved in the MS. copy, by Matthew Paris, of the history of Offa and lives of the Abbats of St. Alban's, (MS. Cotton, Nero, D.1.) and engraved in Gough's British Topography, Pl. I. Mr. Kempe illustrated the drawing by an essay on the formation of these roads by the Romans, on the direction which they took, and on the vicinal branches by which they were attended, which passed generally under the appellation of the way with which they were connected by parallel course, or from which they, in som instances, branched off at right angles. He instanced the vicinal branch which connected the Watling street and lower parallel line of the Ikenild, and which passed the Lea river at Old Ford, near Bow. He remarked that it was a vulgar error to suppose that the main Roman way into Essex did not irignally pass the Lea at Stratford le Bow. In the Anglo-Norman times the Ford might have become impassable at that point; but the very denomination, Stratford, as well as the course of the road, shewed that the line of the Roman way was always through Stratford as at present, while a vicinal branch passed the river at Old Ford."
1100-1135 Henry I, House of Normandy
From "The Pictorial Handbook of London" by John Weale, 1854 (H. G. Bohn)
page 311
"... Cheapside. 5. St. Mary le Bow, or Bow Church ...
The name is derived from the arches of the original structure, or of its crypt, which still exist, though so buried under the dust of nearly eight centuries as to form only the foundation of the present fabric. The Court of Arches also took its name from this apartment, which is now a pestiferous catacomb. It dates from soon after the Norman Conquest, and was the first arched or vaulted structure in London (by no means the first in England)*."
"* Stratford-le-Bow was similarly named after the bridge leading across the Lea into Essex, built in the time of Henry I."
page 321
"Her Majesty's Commissioners for building new churches for such parts of England requiring the same, report, July 29, 1850, that in the whole, 470 churches have been completed, and provision made for 498,066 persons, including 291,190 free seats, appropriated to the use of the poor, and, additionally, that 32 churches are now in the course of building."
Gentleman's dress, 1700-1735 |
A youthful opinion of Queen Anne by Dr. Johnson:
"a confused, but somehow a sort of solemn recollection of a lady in diamonds, and a long black hood."
Miscellany
Chaucer, writing of the Prioress:
"And French she spake full properly and neat, - After the school of Stratford, at Bow town, - For French of Paris was to her unknown."
Stratford-at-Bow, Middlesex (Chaucer's Stratford-atte-Bow)
"Here lived numerous bakers, who supplied some parts of London with bread." (Skeat)
1 June 1614 - proceedings in Parliament:
"Sir Roger Owen (for committing it) ... that no butcher should kill any meat nearer London eastward than Stratford Bow, nor westward than Kensington."
15 March 1701, Anthony Hill preached a sermon on slavery at Stratford-le-Bow, Middlesex
Published by Charles Broome, Edward Evett, London, 1702
Necessity of instructing and baptising slaves, folly of believing that baptism enfranchises them, that slavery was lawful but negroes are "of the same common nature with ourselves".
(Listed in "African Slave Trade and Its Suppression" by Peter C. Hogg (Routledge, UK, 1973) ISBN:0714627755).
1842 notes to 'Piers Plowman' [c.1364] (by William Langland and Thomas Wright)
From "Survey of London" by Stowe (page 159):
"Ande because I haue here before spoken of the bread Carts coming from Stratford at the Bow, ye shall vnderstand that of olde time the Bakers of breade at Stratford, were allowed to bring dayly (except the Sabbaoth and principall Feast) diuerse long Cartes laden with bread, the same being two ounces in the pennie wheate loafe heauier then the penny wheate loafe baked in the Citie, the same to be solde in Cheape, three or foure Carts standing there, betweene Gutherans lane, and Gausters lane ende, one cart on Cornehill, by the conduit, and one other in Grasse streete[*]. And I haue reade that in the fourth yere of Edward the second, Richard Reffebam being Maior, a Baker named John of Stratforde, for making Bread lesser than the Assise, was with a fooles whoode on his head, and loaues of bread about his necke, drawne on a Hurdle through the streets of this Citie: Moreouer in the 44. of Edward the third, John Chichester being Maior of London [1368-9], I read in the visions of Pierce Plowman, a booke so called, as followeth.
'There was a careful commune when no Cart came to towne with baked bread from Stratford: tho gan beggers weepe, and workemen were agast, a little this will be thought long in the date of our Dirte, in a drie Auerell [1351] a thousand and three hundred, twice thirtie [in the text, 'twentie'] and ten, &c.'
I reade also in the 20. of Henrie the eight, Sir Iames Spencer being Maior, six Bakers of Stratford were merced in the Guildhall of London, for baking vnder the size appoynted. These Bakers of Stratford left seruing of this citie, I know not vppon what occasion, about 30 yeares since."
[*] from the end of Gutter Lane to the end of Foster Lane - the conduit in Cornhill - Gracechurch street.
From "A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason ... to the Year 1783 ..." 1828 (Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown)
20 Charles II. 1668
"A great number of the weavers in and about London, being offended at the engine-looms, (which are instruments, that have been used above these sixty years,) because thereby one and can do as much in a day, as near 20 men without them, and by consequence can afford his ribbands at a much cheaper rate, after attempts in parliament and elsewhere to suppress them, did agree among themselves to rise and go from house to house to take and destroy the engine-looms; in pursuance of which they did on the 9th, 10th, and 11th of this instant, August assemble themselves in great numbers at some places in an hundred, at others to four hundred, and at others, particularly at Stratford-Bow, to about fifteen hundred.
They did in a most violent manner break open the houses of many of the King's subjects, in which such engine-looms were, or were by them suspected to be, they took away the engines, and making great fires burnt the same, and not only the looms, but in many places the ribbands made thereby, and several other goods of the persons in whose houses they broke open; this they did not in one place only, but in several places and counties, viz. Middlesex, London, Essex, Kent, and Surrey, in the last of which, viz. at Southwark they stormed the house of one Thomas Bybby, and though they were resisted and one of them killed and another wounded, yet at last they forced their way in, took away his looms and burnt them; the value of the damage they did, is computed to several thousand pounds. This they did after several proclamations made and command given by the justices of peace and the sheriffs of Middlesex to depart, but instead of obeying they resisted and affronted the magistrates and officers: it is true they had no warlike arms, but that was supplied by their number, and they had such weapons, as such a rabble could get, as staves, clubs, sledges, hammers, and other such instruments to force open doors.
There was this further evil attending this insurrection, that the soldiers and officers of the militia were so far from doing their duty in suppressing them, that some, though in arms and drawn up in companies, stood still looking on while their neighbours houses were broken open and their goods destroyed, others encouraged them, and others, to whose custody some of the offenders, who were taken, were committed, suffered them to escape, so that during all the time of the tumult little or nothing was done to suppress them, until the Lords of the council were constrained at a time extraordinary to assemble, by whose directions and orders as well to the civil magistrates, as to the king's guards, they were at last quieted."
From "An historical account of the origin of the Commission appointed to inquire concerning charities in England and Wales" by Nicholas Carlisle, 1828
pages 111-112
"The Will of John Jolles imports, that he intended Grammar and the Latin language to be taught at Stratford Bow, - but all that is at present taught, is reading, writing, and arithmetic. Dr. Warren, the Rector of the Parish, was appointed Master in 1728, - and the two succeeding Masters were also in Orders, - but it is pretty clear, from the Minute Book of The Drapers' Company, that no Grammar or Latin has been taught in the School from the year 1711, - indeed, for the Salary of 26l. 13s. 4d. which has received no augmentations, it would be difficult to find a Master able and disposed to teach a learned language. The prescribed number of 35 boys is, however, kept up on this slender income."