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If you have...

=>DYS426=12 and have DYS392=11 then you are probably a member of haplogroup R1a1 (R-M17). About 5% of the men reading this will be members of this haplogroup.

=>If you have DYS426=12 and DON'T have DYS392=11 then you probably belong to haplogroup R1b (R-P25). About 2/3's of the men reading this will belong to R1b.

=>If you have DYS426=11 and DYS455=8 then you are probably a member of haplogroup I1a. About 20% of the men reading this will belong to I1a.

These three rules will give a quick estimate of Y haplogroup among men of European descent in about 9 out of 10 cases.

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The importance of haplogroups for genealogists lies in the fact that you will share many marker values with anyone else who belongs to the same haplogroup. The tables below gives the modal haplotypes for the three most common haplogroups. Half of the men in R1b will match at 18 or more markers with the 25 marker modal R1b haplotype shown in the table below. Therefore the uniqueness of your paternal line's Y-chromosome signature is contained in the markers where you differ from your haplogroup's most common alleles. Having these differences scattered among 25 markers allows enough possible variations to make the Y-chromosome signature of each paternal line unique from most all other lines in a haplogroup.

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Modal haplotypes for the three most common haplogroups (in FTDNA order)

	D Y S 3 9 3	D Y S 3 9 0	D Y S 1 9	D Y S 3 9 1	D Y S 3 8 5 a	D Y S 3 8 5 b	D Y S 4 2 6	D Y S 3 8 8	D Y S 4 3 9	D Y S 3 8 9 i	D Y S 3 9 2	D Y S 3 8 9 ii	D Y S 4 5 8	D Y S 4 5 9 a	D Y S 4 5 9 b	D Y S 4 5 5	D Y S 4 5 4	D Y S 4 4 7	D Y S 4 3 7	D Y S 4 4 8	D Y S 4 4 9	D Y S 4 6 4 a	D Y S 4 6 4 b	D Y S 4 6 4 c	D Y S 4 6 4 d
R1b	13	24	14	11	11	14	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	15	19	29	15	15	17	17
I1a	13	22	14	10	13	14	11	14	11	12	11	28	15	8	9	8	11	23	16	20	28	12	14	15	16
R1a1	13	25	16	10	11	14	12	12	10	13	11	30	15	9	10	11	11	24	14	20	31	12	15	15	16

The values for DYS464 are given according to Family Tree DNA's new reporting convention. The new convention gives values smaller by "1" than those reported before May of 2003.