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This page has several parts; please click on the part you wish to review:
               
  A) BORDER REIVER FAMILIES DNA STUDY, focused on DYS393=12, DYS459a=10/9/8, & DYS461=10 - Chart            
  B) The Most Common Marker Values of Y-Chromosome Results by Haplogroups                  
  C) Background of Border Reivers "DYS393=12" Y-DNA Study      
  D) DNA Study Note re Blood Group B      
  E) Discussion of the Hypothesis      
  F) Join the Border Reiver Families DNA Study:      
         
                                       
                                       
     
                                                                       
B) The Most Common Marker Values of Y-Chromosome Results by Haplogroups                                                                      
                                                                   
From: Y-Chromosome Haplogroups http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~dgarvey/DNA/RelGen/haplogroups.htm by Dennis Garvey:                                  
The haplogroups HG1, HG2, HG3 are part of an older classification system that was used when less was known about the human Y-chromosome tree.                                                                      
                :                                                      
From: http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~dgarvey/DNA/RelGen/YCC.html    
"In 2002 the Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC) came out with a new classification system to standardize the way haplogroups are named. In the    
new system the main branches are assigned letters - from A through R. HG1 and HG3 just get new names -    
HG1 is named as a sub-branch of the letter R known as "R1b", and    
P - The undifferentiated P lineage is a very rare haplogroup in populations at this time. Although it was the ancestral line to haplogroups Q and R it is only found at low frequency in India, Pakistan, and central Asia with a most likely point of origin in either central Asia or the Altai region of Siberia."  
HG3 is in another sub-branch known as "R1a".      
"The situation with HG2 is more complex. It turns out that several very different branches of the human Y-chromosome tree had been lumped together under the label "HG2". In Europe, the HG2s included members of the F, G, I, and J branches."  
 "     Haplogroup "I" is found in Central and Eastern Europe, but also accounts for almost all the HG2s in Northern Europe and the British Isles.    
Haplogroup "I" is thought to stem from a group (Gravettian culture) that arrived in Europe from the Middle East about 25,000 years ago. The    
Gravettian culture was "known for its Venus figurines, shell jewellery, and for using mammoth bones to build homes".  See: http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s211738.htm    
 "    The other parts of HG2 - Haplogroups F, G, and J - are more common in Southern and Eastern Europe. They are believed to be the descendants of the Neolithic farmers from the Middle East who were the first to practice agriculture in Europe about 8000 years ago."  
From: The Y-Chromosome Consortium:       
  http://ycc.biosci.arizona.edu/nomenclature_system/frontpage.html    
  (See Tables 1 & 2)    
  Haplogroup J includes sub-clades, some of which may be of varying ethnic origins such as "Krasnador/Adygean", "Multan/Pakistani", "Jewish", etc.    
  (The old Cohen Modal Haplogroup, HG9, is included within new YCC Haplogroup J).    
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                DYS#s:                                                
            3 3       3   3   4 4             4 4 4 4  
Haplotypes   3 3   3 8 8 4 3 4 8 3 8 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6  
  YCC  Nomenclature  General Source Description 9 9 1 9 5 5 2 8 3 9 9 9 5 9 9 5 5 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4  
  3 0 9 1 a  b  6 8 9 i  2 ii  8 a  b 5 4 7 7 8 9 a b c d  
HG1 =>     R1b Anglo-Saxon-Germanic 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 16 16 18 18  
  =>     P Central Asia/Altai region, Siberia            
HG3 =>     R1a Norse-Russian 13 25 15 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 31                            
HG2 =>     I Gravettian 13 23 15 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 11 11 23 16 20 29 13 15 16 17  
  =>     G                   11                                      
  =>   F                   11                                      
  =>     J  Middle Eastern             11             Best Guess Roper data                    
HG9 =>               12 23 14 10     11 16     11     9 9 11 11                    
HG16 =>     N3 Siberian 14 23 15 11     11 12   14                              
HG21 =>     E3b African 13 24 13 10     11 12   11                              
HG26 =>     K     13 23 13 10     12   12                                
HG35 =>   H Punjabi > Gypsy                                          
                                     
1) If you have a value of "11" at DYS426 then you belong to haplogroup 2 (HG2).                                      
2) If you have a value of "12" at DYS426 and a value of "11" at DYS392 then you are a member of HG3.      
3) If you have a value of "12" at DYS426 and DON'T have a value of "11" at DYS392 then you belong to HG1.    
4) If you have values of DYS426=11 and DYS388=12 then you may belong to HG16 or HG21.    
5) The following values for the markers shown are apparently typical for the Haplogroups shown, per David Roper, ""  
  Y-Chromosome Haplogroups http://www.roperld.com/HaplogroupFamilies.htm  
  Haplogroups  19(394) 388 390 391 392 393  
    hg 9 14 16 23 10 11 12        
    hg 16 15 12 23 11 14 14        
    hg 21 13 12 24 10 11 13        
    hg 26 13 12 23 10 12 13        
   
From: Y-Chromosome Markers Families Comparisons   by Dr. David L. Roper                                                    
  http://www.roperld.com/ycomparison.htm  
"One can compare the medians for the paleolithic and neolithic groups:  
     
  393     390 19(394) 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389-1 392 458 459a 459b 455 454 447 437 448 449 464a 464b 464c 464d  
Marker      
Name     (389-2)-  
(prefix DYS)     (389-1)  
Paleolithic 13     24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 16 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 16 16 18 18  
Median      
Neolithic 13     23 15 10 14 15 11 14 11 12 11 16 15 8 9 9 11 24 16 20 29 13 15 16 16  
Median      
Difference 0     1 -1 1 -3 -1 1 -2 1 1 2 0 2 1 1 2 0 1 -1 -1 0 3 1 2 2  
   
"Note that the two markers with the greatest difference are DYS385a (-3) and DYS464a (+3).  
"When data for a new family becomes available, I use these two markers to decide if a family belongs to paleolithic group 2.  
"If a new family does not fit in paleolithic group 2, then I calculate the relative mutations of all 25 marker for it with the several paleolithic and neolithic groups.  
   
"Paleolithic families are those that entered Western Europe, Britain and Ireland before about 7000 ybp; those that entered later are called neolithic families. (The neolithic age was in the approximate time interval of 7000-4000 ybp.)  
76% of the families are paleolithic. (ybp = years before the present)  
                                                                       
   
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This page has several parts; please click on the part you wish to review:
           
  A) BORDER REIVER FAMILIES DNA STUDY, focused on DYS393=12, DYS459a=10/9/8, & DYS461=10 - Chart        
  B) The Most Common Marker Values of Y-Chromosome Results by Haplogroups              
  C) Background of Border Reivers "DYS393=12" Y-DNA Study  
  D) DNA Study Note re Blood Group B  
  E) Discussion of the Hypothesis  
  F) Join the Border Reiver Families DNA Study: