Researching Strong(e)s and Strang(e)s in Britain and Ireland; 2nd Edition                                                 See:               http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/%7egallgaedhil/dna_by_surname.htm     Jim Elliott's Discussion of Methods of Analyzing "Deep Ancestry"                          
    See:               http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/%7egallgaedhil/dna_by_surname.htm     Jim Elliott's ALL Border Reivers by Surname DNA Study    
This is:   The Strong, Stronge, Strang, Strange, & LeStrange   DNA Study Results Page   See:               http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/%7egallgaedhil/dna_by_surname.htm     Jim Elliott's ALL Border Reivers by Haplogroup DNA Study    
                  See:               http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/%7egallgaedhil/dna_by_surname.htm     Whit Athey's Haplogroup Predictor Program   
This page has several parts; please click on the part you wish to review:       See:               http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/%7egallgaedhil/dna_by_surname.htm     SNP Testing by Ethnoancestry.com   
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A) STRONG, STRONGE, STRANGE, STRANG, & LeSTRANGE Y-DNA RESULTS -  See Chart Below
      Search FTDNA Surname Projects             See:               http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/%7egallgaedhil/dna_by_surname.htm     Summary of public results of R1b and S21 SNP tests, by John McEwan  
          (For Armstrong Results, See the Armstrong DNA Results page:)           Search FTDNA Surname Projects         See:               http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/%7egallgaedhil/dna_by_surname.htm     DNA-Fingerprint.com Advanced DNA testing Laboratory  
          (For Mitochondrial DNA Results, See mtDNA Results page:)                     See:               http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/%7egallgaedhil/dna_by_surname.htm     DNA-Fingerprint.com The DYS464X (Extended) Test  
B) The Most Common Marker Values of Y-Chromosome Results by Haplogroups           Go To:  BORDER REIVER FAMILIES Y-DNA STUDY: Directory Page             See:               http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/%7egallgaedhil/dna_by_surname.htm     International Society of Genetic GenealogyY-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2006  
C) Comparison  with Strong examples:   Go To:  BORDER REIVER FAMILIES Y-DNA STUDY: R1b Results Page       See:               http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/%7egallgaedhil/dna_by_surname.htm     World Families Network - Y-Haplogroups  
D) Interpreting Results:                                 See:               http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/%7egallgaedhil/dna_by_surname.htm     To Search Oxford Ancestor's  Y-Line Database see: Click Here  
E) Grouping of Test Results:       Go To:  BORDER REIVER FAMILIES Y-DNA STUDY: I, J, P, R, R1b-subclades Results Page       and See: http://home.comcast.net/~philgoff/DNAresults.htm  
F) Findings based on Test Results:        
G) End of Page   Go To:  mtDNA Results Webpage  
      See:               http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/%7egallgaedhil/dna_by_surname.htm     Enniskillen and Donegal Bay DNA Results Webpage                               Note 6)   FTDNA offers a  number of SNP's downstream from any of their "estimates"  of participants' Haplogroup.    Other testing   
        [Note:  This is a specialized page devoted to DNA studies of certain surnames occuring in the geographic area from Enniskillen, westerly to around Donegal Bay in Ireland.      organizations presently also offer  "in-depth" SNP testing,  including additional SNP's "downstream" from the general Haplogroup SNP   
JOIN THIS PROJECT ! To do so, go to the following link and order up a test.   YDNA25 is probably    Certain reiver families are known to have been "planted" in this area of Ulster from the Anglo-Scottish border area during the 17th & 18th centuries]           determinant.  Thus,   FTDNA & other companies test R1b  for the presence of SNP=M343+; P25+'=>R1b1; and other additional downstream SNP's:  
adequate to tell us what we need to know at this point, although 37 markers is preferable:   See:       The International Society of Genetic Genealogists maintain and regularly update a website tracking the SNP's defining Y-DNA Haplogroups.   It can be viewed at:  
http://www.familytreedna.com:80/surname_join.asp?code=D84650     Browse the Rootsweb Strong list archives   http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_YDNATreeTrunk.html    
click on the drop down menu link and select the test you want from there... follow the menu... you can  Browse the Rootsweb Strang list archives Additionally, Thomas Krahn of FTDNA has provided an online HaploTree which is updated as new SNP's are documented, defining the Haplogroups and various subclades.    
order and pay by credit  card on line.  The Project Administrator will be automatically informed when you     Browse the Rootsweb Strange list archives  See: http://ytree.ftdna.com/index.php?name=Draft    
have joined the project.  Let him know if you have any questions or problems.  {:-)   To view the SNPs that are tested in each FTDNA Deep Clade test, see this page: http://www.familytreedna.com/deepclade.html  
    Check with FTDNA regarding such "Advanced Testing".           
       [See:       DNA-Fingerprint.com The DYS464X (Extended) Test ]        
   
Note 1:   This page represents an analysis of the DNA  Results data available from Participants in the Strong-Strange-L'Estrange DNA Project, and other sources.    It is provided for the   
assistance of interested researchers.   Certain aspects of the data presentation differ from that presented by FTDNA;  compare the Public Website at:    
http://www.familytreedna.com/public/strong-strange-lestrange/      
Tthis page represents only the opinion of the author, and is always subject to revision in light of additional data or information from whatever sources may become available.    
   
   
A) Results Chart based on Y-DNA testing performed through Family Tree DNA        
Updated Results through:       6-Jun-12   "Note - On May 19, 2003 FTDNA reassigned the values for 464a,b,c,and d. See Rel Gen Reporting Conventions Note Below:  
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  Dropping each by one. These results reflect those changes."        
          LOCI: DYS#s   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Result   13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25   DYS#s: LOCI: 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37   Add'l Markers - See FTDNA Public Page
Lineage     Groups KIT#s - Linked charts Surname See Notes  Y-Base /   Y-Search links: Ancestral Locations & Migration Patterns LINKS, NOTES, ETC. MRCA     LINKS Haplogroup (Green = SNP Tested); Haplogroup assignments updated by FTDNA on 5 March 2011, effectively changing R1b1b2 to R1b1a2. SNP '= See note 6  ===> 393 390 19 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389-1 392 389-2 389ii-389i= Result steps from AMHT 458 459a 459b 455 454 447 437 448 449 464a     464b 464c 464d steps from AMHT KIT# Lineage     Groups 460 GATA H4 YCA II a YCA II b 456 607 576 570 CDY a CDY b 442 438 steps from AMHT
    (Note: Y-Base only used if no Y-Search entry) / Phylo Tree. org KNOWN See ISSOG NOTE: Nomenclature Update     *   ** **     ** ***   *** ***   **               ** **/*** **/*** **/*** **/***                   ** ** ** **      
        Lineages SPECU-   08 Phylogenic tree         (Roper)11= Paleolithic       *                         (Roper)16= Paleolithic                       
        LATIVE                                      
  MODAL VALUES   (R1b) =>     13 24 14 11 11 14 12=HG1    12 12 13 13 29 16   17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17     11 11                 12 12    
Est. Mutation Rates from WFN: Marker and Mutation Comparisons '=>     .0012 .0045 .0016 .0036 .0033 (*) .0005
 .0005 .0045 .0021 .0016 .0028     .0066 .0014 (*) .0005 .0005 .0045 .0020 0.0028 0.0075 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035       .0028 .0036
 .0014   (*)
               .0012    
Est. Mutation Rates from SMGF: Marker and Mutation Comparisons '=>     .00111 .0044 .00153 .00316 0.0028   .00027 .00038 .00418 .00218 .00147   .00257 .0058 .00118   .00031 .00023 .00388 .00174 .00236 .00646             .00294 .00304 .00124             .002 .0010    
            Search mtDNA Philotree       http://www.familytreedna.com/GDRules_12.html               http://www.familytreedna.com/GDRules_25.html                 http://www.familytreedna.com/GDRules_37.html   http://www.familytreedna.com/GDRules_67.html    
Link to International Society of Genetic Genealogy     Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree   Kerchner's YDNA Haplogroup Descriptions & Information Links           Kerchner's mtDNA Haplogroup Descriptions & Information Links                                      
  The "Father's Age" Factor       Krahn's Draft Haplo-Tree: Index          sum of       recLOH Events defined Animated description sum of                             sum of  
  Results  Number: Surname Group:  SEE DNA Notes:   Migration Pattern: Estimated Mutation Rates from YSTR: => =>   0.003 0.004 0.0014 0.0041 0.00292     may mutate in multi-steps 0.002 0.0034 0.0032 Result steps from AMHT                           steps from AMHT Results  Number:         may mutate in multi-steps                 steps from Dane AMHT  
FRANCO-NORMAN d'ESTRENG ANCESTRAL MODAL HAPLOTYPE based on Danish Hypothetical (I1) =>   Compare ISOGG SNP Tree 13 22 14 10 13 15 11 14 11 12 11 28 16 0 16? 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 14 15 15 0?     10 10 19 21 14 13 17 21 35? 36 12 10 0?  
  214260 Olof Pedersson Strang   >1625-1685,Vimpeli,Finland mtDNA   I1 M-253+ 13 23 14 10 13 14 11 14 10 12 11 28 16 3 14 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 29 12 12 14 15 7? 214260 >Finland 10 10 19 21 14 13 16 24 35 36 12 10 9? Add'l Markers - See FTDNA Public Page
  27043 Strange   AD6FP England     I1   13 22 14 10 13 15 11 15 11 13 11 29 16 3 15 8 9 8 11 23 15 20 28 12 14 16 16 7? 27043 >England 10 10 19 21 15 13 17 21 35 37 12 10 9?
                                                                              ?
Strang P6AUC Nisula [Strang] J.Strang 1809-66 P6AUC Lohtaja, Finland      R1a1   13 25 16 11 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 30 17 ? 16 9 9 11 11 23 14 20 32 13 14 15 15 ? P6AUC Strang - Finland 11 11 19 23 16 17 18 20 34 38 13 11 ?
                                                                               
FRANCO-NORMAN d'ESTRENG ANCESTRAL MODAL HAPLOTYPE based on Henri d'Estrang (I1) =>   Compare ISOGG SNP Tree 13 22 14 10 13 15 11 14 11 12 11 28 16 0 16? 8 9 8 11 21? 16 20 28 12 14 15 15 0?     10 10 19 21 14 14? 17 21 35? 36 12 10 0?
France   6611 Strang 309E9 4BCYV FR>NJ>Alabama mtDNA   I1 M-253+ 13 22 14 10 13 15 11 14 11 12 11 28 16 0 16 8 9 8 11 21 16 20 28 12 14 15 15 0 6611 France   10 10 19 21 14 14 17 21 32 36 12 10 1?
  194281 Strang           I1   13 22 14 10 13 15 11 14 11 12 11 28 16 0 16 8 9 8 11 21 16 20 28 12 14 15 15 0 194281 France   10 10 19 21 14 14 17 21 33 36 12 10 1
  121477 Strang     FR>NY mtDNA   I1   13 22 14 10 13 15 11 14 11 12 11 28 16 0                           ? 121477                           ?
  N2797 Strong     Georgia     I1   13 22 13 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 16 2                           ? N2797                           ?  
                                                                                Add'l Markers - See FTDNA Public Page
  176758 Strang Tompkins, NPE ?   NY>PEI>     R1b1a2  DNA Note#23 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 29 16 0 18 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 30 14 15 16 17 0 176758 Strang 11 11 19 23 17 15 20 17 39 39 13 12 0
Unknown; Not Henri d'Estrang; STR's & HG do not match 226260 Strang DNA Note#23   Jesse Strang, b.~ 1763 Westchester Co, NY>PEI     R1b1a2 See:  GenForum Discussions 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 29 16 0 18 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 30 14 15 16 17 0 226260 Strang 11 11 19 23 17 15 20 17 39 39 13 12 0                                  
Compare: TNC6J Tompkins Prince Edward Co , ON, Canada  TNC6J       R1b1a2    13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 29 16 0 18 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 30 14 15 16 17 0 TNC6J Thompkins 11 11 19 23 17 15 20 17 39 39 13 12 0                                  
                                                                                                         
HAPLOTYPE "I" MODAL VALUES     (I) =>     13 22-25 14,15,16 10,11 10,11,13,14 14,15 11=HG2 14 11 12,13 11 28-31 16 0 15 8 9 11 11 23 16 20 29 12 14 15 16 0                             0?
Donegal Bay 24669 (Patterson)   YWHUW IRE>PA>CA     I2b1 See SNP Tree 14 22 15 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 18   16 8 10 11 11 24 14 20 27 11 14 14 16   24669 Donegal Bay                            
                                                                                                           
  148954 Strange    DYVQH       I2b1   14 23 15 10 15 15 11 13 11 14 12 33 19   15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 27 11 14 14 15       11 9 19 21 14 14 17 18 35 42 12 10    
                                                                                                         
ANGLO-NORMAN LeSTRANGE ANCESTRAL MODAL HAPLOTYPE ? (J2) =>     12 23 14 10 13 13? 11 16 12 14? 11 31? 17 0? 15 9 9 11 11 26 15 20 34 12 13 14 15 0?     11 10 22 22 17 14 19? 18 34 37? 11 9 0? Add'l Markers - See FTDNA Public Page
Norman ? 6491 Strange #6 NPK7Z ENG>VA>   #1, #2 J2 See SNP Tree 12 23 14 10 13 13 11 15 12 14 12 31 17 0 15 9 9 11 11 26 15 20 34 12 13 14 15 0 6491 Norman ? 11 10 22 22 17 14 19 18 34 37 11 9 3
  86021 Strange   2244A       J2a4 See SNP Tree 12 23 14 10 13 14 11 15 12 15 12 32 17 1 15 9 9 11 11 26 15 20 34 12 13 14 15 1   Norman ? 11 10 22 22 17 14 18 18 34 35 11 9  
                                                                                                        ?
  136595 Strong    ZT8GB       J2   12 24 15 10 13 17 11
15
12
12
11
28
17 6 16 8 9
11
11
28
16
19
29 13 15 15 18 17                              
                                                                                                        ?
  166215 D-S   6MD8X       J2 ?   12 24 16 9 14 15 11
15
12
12
11
28
17 ? 17 8 9
11
11
26
16
19
28 13 14 15 17 ?     11 11 19 20 14 15 16 17 35 37 11 10    
                                                                                                        ?  
  174506 DeGraw   MKERS       J2 ?   12 24 16 9 14 17 11
15
12
12
11
28
17 ? 17 8 9
11
11
25
16
19
28 13 14 15 17 ?     11 11 19 20 14 15 16 17 35 36 11 10    
                                                                                                        sum of  
  MARKERS     =>     393 390 19 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389-1 392 389-2 Result sum of 458 459a 459b 455 454 447 437 448 449 464a 464b 464c 464d sum of DYS#s   460 GATA H4 YCA II a YCA II b 456 607 576 570 CDY a CDY b 442 438 ?  
R1a1 "VIKING" East European TYPICAL HAPLOTYPE -       => R1a1 Compare ISOGG SNP Tree 13 25 15 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 30 17 0 15 9 10 11 11 23 14 20 32 12 15 15 16 0   Typical 11?   19 23?     18?     38?   11 ?  
R1a typical Haplotype VNDTN     VNDTN Baltic to Northern India     R1a Compare in Y-Search:             12
12
    11     ?       11     14 20             VNDTN Y-Search cf:     19               14 11 ? Add'l Markers - See FTDNA Public Page
Strangl E2101 Strangl   3W43H Germany     R1a1 See SNP Tree 14 27 16 11 10 15 12 12 10 13 11 31 18 ? 16 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 30 12 14 15 16 ? E2101 Strangl -  Germany 11 10 19 23 16 16 18 19 34 38 14 11 ?
  E5051 Strangl     Austria     R1a1   13 25 15 11 11 14 12 12 10 14 11 31 17 ? 15 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 32 12 15 15 16 ? E5051 Strangl - Austria 11 11 19 23 17 15 17 19 35 40 12 11 ?
                  See Note Below               See Note       See Note                                                               ?
 
Strong 123115 Strong      USA     R1a1   13 25 16 11 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 31 18 ? 14 8 9 11 11 24 14 15 34 13 15 16 16 ? 123115 Strong - USA 11 12 19 22 15 15 18 18 33 38 13 11 ?
                                                                                                           
AMH MODAL VALUES HAPLOTYPE R1b1   R1b Wikipedia Discussion   => R1b1a2 R1b Wikipedia Discussion 13 24 14 11 11 14 12=HG1    12 12 13 13 29 16   17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17                                
SW ENGLAND?- STRANGE  ANCESTRAL MODAL HAPLOTYPE   =>     13 25 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 10 11 11 25? 15 19 29 14? 15 16? 17 0 SW ENG STRANGE 11 11 19 23 15 15 17 18 37 39 11 12 0  
  22571 Strange ?     ENG>US     R1b1a2   13 25 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 1 17 9 10 11 11 23 15 19 29 14 15 17 17 3? 22571 ENG>US                         ?  
  114266 Strange Alloway     Eng>Virginia ~1619     R1b1a2   13 25 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0                           ? 114266 Eng>Virginia ~1619                         ?  
  150913 Alloway Strange      Eng>Virginia ~1619     R1b1a2   13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 1  ? 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 14 15 16 17 1? 150913 Eng>Virginia ~1619 11 11 19 23 15 15 17 18 37 39 11 12 1?  
                                                                                                           
DONEGAL BAY STRONG MODAL H-TYPE SEE DNA Notes: A9FZK Possible "old" R1b3*=ht35 Values (Sarmatian troopers) =   => => R1b1a2a1* Ht 35 background 12 24 14 11 11 15 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 15 10 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 14 15 17 18 0 DONEGAL BAY 11 11 19 23 15 16 18 17 36 37 12 12 0  
Donegal & 6643 Strong     IRE>PA   S004 R1b1a2a1* See SNP Tree 12 24 14 11 11 15 12 12 9 13 13 29 16 1 15 10 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 14 15 17 18 1 6643 Donegal &                         ?  
Fermanagh 5811 Strong #7 QQUFE IRE>ON>BC>WA   S004 R1b1a2a1* See SNP Tree 12 24 14 11 11 15 12 12 12 12 13 28 16 0 15 10 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 14 15 17 18 0 5811 Fermanagh 11 11 19 23 15 16 18 17 36 37 12 12 0  
Donegal Bay 13952 Strong HT35 Analysis? HT35 Project IRE>NY>OR>CA   S004 R1b1a2a1* HT35 Project group A2=A5VCV 12 24 14 11 11 15 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 15 10 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 14 15 17 18 0 13952 Donegal Bay 11 11 19 23 15 16 18 17 36 37 12 12 0  
  32186 Strong     DON>AUST     R1b1a2a1* SNPsR-L23+, L150+, L584-- 12 24 14 11 11 15 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 15 10 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 14 15 17 18 0 32186                           0  
  6761 Strong     IRE>ON>BC>ON   K003 R1b1a2a1* See ISOGG SNP Tree 12 24 14 11 11 16 12 12 12 14 13 30 16 1 15 10 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 14 15 17 18 1 6761        Y-Search DYS 426
DYS 454
DYS 578
DYS 395S1b
DYS 590
DYS 472
DYS 436
DYS 450
DYS 617
   
  8431 Strong SEE LINK: STTTJ IRE>ON>AUST   K003 R1b1a2a1*   12 24 14 11 11 16 12 12 12 14 13 30 16 1 15 10 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 14 15 17 18 1 8431       A5VCV 12 11 9 16 8 8 12 8 12    
                                                                                                           
STRANGE OF BALCASKIE ANCESTRAL MODAL HAPLOTYPE   => R1b1a2a1a1a Compare ISOGG SNP Tree 13 24 14 11 11 16 12 12 12 14 13 30 16 0 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28? 14 15 15 17 0 BALCASKIE 11 11 19 23 15 14 17 17 36 39 12 12 0  
Scotland 8881 Strange #11   SCT>ENG     R1b1a2 See:  FTDNA SNP Report 13 24 14 11 11 16 12 12 12 13 15 30 17 2 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 14 15 15 17 3 8881 Scotland                         ? Add'l Markers - See FTDNA Public Page
Mifflin Co., PA 23314 Strong     PA>MI   K005 R1b1a2   13 24 14 11 11 16 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 1 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 14 15 15 17 1 23314 PA>MI 11 11 19 23 15 14 17 17 36 39 12 12 1 ?
Mifflin Co., PA 16001 Strong   QU7EK PA>MI>AZ   K005 R1b1a2a1a1a See:R-P310+,U106+,P312-- 13 24 14 11 11 16 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 1 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 14 15 15 17 1 16001 PA>AZ 11 11 19 23 15 14 17 17 36 39 12 12 1 ?
York Co., PA 17527 Strang /Strong #14 6Z7UR PA>IN>IL>UT     R1b1a2   13 24 14 11 11 16 12 12 12 14 13 30 16 0 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 14 15 15 17 0 17527 PA>IN>IL>UT                         ?
York Co., PA 17528 Strang /Strong     PA>IN>IL>UT     R1b1a2   13 24 14 11 11 16 12 12 12 14 13 30 16 0 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 14 15 15 17 0 17528 PA>IN>IL>UT                         ?
York Co., PA 164627 Strong   M2TUE PA     R1b1a2* See SNP Tree 13 24 14 11 11 16 12 12 12 14 13 30 16 0 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 14 15 15 17 0 164627 PA                         ?
Mifflin Co., PA 6680 Strong #21   PA>MI   K005 R1b1a2   13 24 14 11 11 16 12 12 12 14 13 30 16 0 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 14 15 15 17 0 6680 PA>MI                         ?  
                                            Result sum of                                                         sum of  
  MARKERS     =>     393 390 19 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389-1 392 389-2 Result sum of 458 459a 459b 455 454 447 437 448 449 464a 464b 464c 464d sum of DYS#s   460 GATA H4 YCA II a YCA II b 456 607 576 570 CDY a CDY b 442 438 0  
NEW ENGLAND  [ELDER JOHN] STRONG ANCESTRAL MODAL HAPLOTYPE   => R1b1a2a1a1a4 R-U106/S21+ Project 13 23 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 16 18 0 NEW ENGLAND 11 11 19 23 17 14 17 18 37 38? 12 12 ?  
DYS492_13_R1b       8FPR4 This ysearch listing is a minimal haplotype that corresponds to haplogroup R1b with DYS492=13.  
DYS 390
        DYS 426
DYS 388
 
DYS 392
    steps from AMHT       DYS 455
DYS 454
 
About 95% of males with DYS492=13 also have the "S21" SNP (see http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpR.html). 
See Y-Search
DYS 578
DYS 590
DYS 436
DYS 492              
Compare !         Links & Map formerly R1b1c9* R1b1a2a1a1a4 Compare ISOGG SNP Tree   23         12 12     13           11 11     About 65% of S21 males have DYS390=23 and about 30% have DYS390=24.        8FPR4 9 8 12 13              
                                                                                   
New England 6811 Strong #10   EJ>John,Jr / Dorset> MA    K001 R1b1a2 See:  FTDNA SNP Report 13 23 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 16 19 1 6811 EJ>John,Jr                         ? Add'l Markers - See FTDNA Public Page
  5858 Strong #3 Y2NVJ EJ>John Jr / OH>OK>TX   S001 R1b1a2   13 23 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 19 29 15 15 16 18 1 5858 EJ> John Jr 11 11 19 23 17 14 18 18 37 37 12 12 ?
  99640 Strong   QQGNH EJ>John,Jr / Dorset> MA  mtDNA   R1b1a2   13 23 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 16 18 0 99640  EJ>John,Jr 11 11 19 23 17 14 17 18 37 39 12 12 1
  7257 Strong     EJ>Jedediah / MA>               K001 R1b1a2   13 23 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 16 18 1 7257 EJ>Jedediah                              1
  15744 Dotson   Z2A4J EJ>Jedediah / MA>CT>VT    S001 R1b1a2a1a1a4 See SNP Tree 13 23 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 16 18 0 15744 EJ>Jedediah 11 12 19 23 17 14 17 18 37 38 12 12 ?
  9742 Dilks   F9UMC   mtDNA   R1b1a2   13 23 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 16 18 0 F9UMC   11 11 19 23 17 14 17 18 38 38 12 12 1
  56578 Strong #18 C25ZK EJ>Samuel / NewEng>OH>MS      R1b1a2   13 23 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 15 16 3 56578 EJ>Samuel                         1  
FTDNA result           } 118845 Strong    7JA6X EJ>>Thomas,Sr>Jr.?/ Durham, CT     R1b1a2   13 23 14 11 11 13 12 12 13 13 13 29 16 1 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 16 18 1 118845 EJ>Thomas? / Durham, CT 12 11 19 23 16 14 17 18 37 38 12 12 ?  
DNA Heritage result } H1934 Strong   EZADC EJ>>Thomas, Jr.? / Durham, CT     R1b1a2   13 23 14 11 11 13 12 12 13 13 13 29 16 1 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 16 18 1 118848 EJ>Thos>Durham, CT 12 7 19 23 See Y-Search See  Conversion Tables DNAH > FTDNA  3  
  107740 Strong   XM6FR EJ>>Thomas, Jr.? / Giles of MA>WI      R1b1a2   13 23 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 16 18 0 107740 EJ> Thos,Jr?>Giles 12 11 19 23 17 14 17 18 37 37 12 12 ?  
  193497 Strong      EJ>>Thomas,Jr.,? / MA>CT>Neb.     R1b1a2   13 23 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 16 18 0 193497 EJ>Thomas, Jr? 12 11 19 23 17 14 17 18 37 38 12 12 1  
  223076 Strong      EJ>>Thomas, Jr.?/WI ?     R1b1a2   13 23 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 16 18 0 223076 EJ>Thomas ? 12 11 19 23 17 14 17 18 37 38 12 12 1  
N95172 N95172 Strong     EJ>Thomas,Sr.>Adino / CT>NY     R1b1a2a1a1a4 See: U106+>L48+, 13 23 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 16 18 0 N95172 EJ>Thomas>Adino  11 11 19 23 17 14 17 18 37 37 12 12 1  
  15388 Strong   3G34H EJ>Thomas,Sr.>Adino?/NY>MI>WA   S001 R1b1a2a1a1a4 See SNP Tree 13 23 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 16 18 0 15388 TS>Adino?NY>MI>WA 11 11 19 24 18 14 17 18 37 37 12 12 1  
                                                                              3  
  52931 Bennett See mtDNA BVMJR EJ>Jed>Solomon Strong [1730-77] mtDNA BVMJR R1b1a2 See SNP Tree 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 14 13 30 16 ? 18 9 10 11 13 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 ? 2931 Bennett 10 11 19 23 15 15 18 16 37 37 12 12 ?  
  117374 Mehaffie See mtDNA   EJ>Jed>Rachel Strong [1819-1857] mtDNA   N/A N/A N/A                                                                                      
                                                                                                       
SW England 6746 Strong     Hamps?, NFLD     R1b1a2   13 23 14 10 11 13 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 1 19 9 10 11 11 26 15 19 28 15 16 18 19 6 6746 Hamps?, NFLD                         ?  
                                                                                                         
  N82374 Strong            R1b1a2   13 23 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0                                                            
                                                                                                        ?  
Strong=Stafford,Creamer? 00003_A Strong GenForum History CGE5W Guernsey, England?>VA>KY>Neb     R1b1 Ancstry Test conv'td to FTDNA 13 23 14 11 12 14 12 12 12 14 13 30 16   18 9 9 11 11 24 15 19 31 15 15 15 17   00003_A   11 11 19 23 15 13         13 18    
Strong=Stafford,Creamer? 179684 Strong compare 9PWBN ?  - VA>KY>Neb     R1b1a2   13 23 14 11 12 14 12 12 12 14 13 30 16   18 9 9 11 11 24 15 19 31 15 15 15 17   179684   11 11 19 23 15 16 18 18 37 40 13 12 ?  
  179476 JA [withheld] See mtDNA   Susan Beadle [18__- 19__] mtDNA   N/A N/A N/A                                                                                      
                                                                                                           
  MARKERS     =>     393 390 19 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389-1 392 389-2 Result sum of 458 459a 459b 455 454 447 437 448 449 464a 464b 464c 464d sum of DYS#s   460 GATA H4 YCA II a YCA II b 456 607 576 570 CDY a CDY b 442 438 sum of
                                                                                               
NORFOLK, VA -SW ENGLAND? STRONG ANCESTRAL MODAL HAPLOTYPE   => R1b1a2a1a1b* See Three Chapters by J.Rolff 13 24 15 10 11 14 12 12 11 13? 14 30? 17 0 17? 9 10 11 11 25 14 19 30 15 16 16? 17? 0 SW ENGLAND & VA, US 11? 11 19 23 16 15 18? 15 37 39 12 12 0  
Norfolk 7036 Strong #4   VA>MS>TX     R1b1a2a1a1b* See SNP Tree 13 24 15 10 11 14 12 12 11 13 14 30 17 0 17 9 10 11 11 25 14 19 30 15 16 16 18 1 7036 Norfolk 11 11 19 23 16 15 18 15 37 39 12 12 ?  
New Zealand 45213 Strong     SW ENGLAND > NEW ZEALAND     R1b1a2a1a1b* See SNP Tree 13 24 15 10 11 14 12 12 11 14 14 31 17 0 18 9 10 11 11 25 14 19 30 15 16 17 17 2 45213 SW ENG > N.ZLND 12 11 19 23 16 15 17 15 37 39 12 12 ?  
Leicester, England 01LEICSHR Strange  See Note #19 7KCMU Leicester, England mtDNA   R1b1 Note non-FTDNA testing 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 11 13 14 30 17 1?           24 15 22           ? Leicester   11 11 17 21                 ?  
                Compare ISOGG SNP Tree                                                                                        
SHETLAND, SCOTLAND & CAVAN-LONGFORD, IRE STRONG ANCESTRAL MODAL HAPLOTYPE   => R1b1a2a1a1b3 R1b-U152 Project 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 15 9 10 11 11 26 15 19 29 14 15 16 17 0 Shetland Is.;/Cavan/Longford 11 10 19 23 ? 15 ? 17 36 37 12 13 0?  
Shetland, Scotland 5825 Strong #12 G8S38 SCT>BEL mtDNA   R1b1a2a1a1b3 See SNP Tree 14 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 1 15 9 10 11 11 27 15 19 29 14 15 16 16 3 5825 Shetland Islands 11 10 19 23 15 15 18 17 36 37 12 13 ?  
  43844 Strong   46MTF NJ     R1b1a2   13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 14 13 30 16 1 15 9 10 11 11 26 15 19 29 14 15 16 16 2 46MTF NJ                            
Longford 8915 Strong     LONGFORD, IRE>NY     R1b1a2   13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 15 9 10 11 11 26 15 19 29 14 15 16 17 0 8915 Longford                         ?  
Longford 9937 Strong     LONGFORD, IRE>AUST     R1b1a2a1a1b3 See SNP Tree 13 23 14 12 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 1 15 9 10 11 11 26 15 19 29 14 15 16 17 1 9937 Longford                         ?  
Cavan 154976 Strong #20   CAVAN, IRE>CANADA mtDNA   R1b1a2   13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 15 9 10 11 11 26 15 19 29 14 15 16 17 0 154976 Cavan 11 10 19 23 16 15 16 17 36 37 12 13 ?  
                                                                                                         
  N86375 Stites [Strong?]           R1b1a2   13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0                           ?                             ?  
                                                                                                           
SOUTHERN ANCESTRAL MODAL HAPLOTYPE       => R1b1a2a1a1b3 R1b-U152 Project 13 24 14 10 11 15 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 18 29 15 15 16 17 0 SOUTHERN 11 11 19 23 16 15 19 19 36 37 12 12 0  
  8314 Strong #9   VA>TX   /-John,Sr>John   K002 R1b1a2 See Three Chapters by J.Rolff 13 24 14 10 11 15 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 18 29 15 15 16 17 0 8314   11 11 19 23 16 15 19 19 36 37 12 12 0 Add'l Markers - See FTDNA Public Page
  131215 Strong      VA>TX   /-John,Sr>John     R1b1a2 Compare ISOGG SNP Tree 14 24 14 10 11 15 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 1 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 18 29 15 15 16 17 1 131215   11 11 19 23 16 15 19 19 36 37 12 12 1
  5834 Strong #17   VA>TN   /-John,Sr>William   K002 R1b1a2a1a1b3 See SNP Tree 13 24 14 10 10 15 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 1 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 18 29 15 15 16 17 1 5834 Southern 11 11 19 23 16 15 19 19 36 37 12 12 1
  89018 Strong   3EZ2Q TN/KY > MO     R1b1a2   13 24 14 10 11 15 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 18 29 15 15 16 17 0 89018   11 11 19 23 16 15 19 19 36 37 12 12 0
Southern Lineages 176110 Strong      VA> Breathitt, KY John,Sr b.1675      R1b1a2   13 24 14 10 11 15 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 18 29 15 15 16 17 0 176110   11 11 19 23 16 15 20 19 36 37 12 12 1
  81040 Graham   YKCNG       R1b1a2   13 24 14 10 11 15 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 18 29 15 15 16 17 0 81040   11 11 19 23 16 15 20 19 36 36 12 12 2
  6663 Strong     VA>TN   /-John,Sr>William   K002 R1b1a2   13 24 14 10 11 15 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 16 9 10 12 11 25 15 18 29 15 15 16 17 3 6663                           ?  
Southern Lineages 6809 Strong #8   VA>MD     R1b1a2a1a1b   13 25 14 10 11 15 12 12 12 13 13 30 17 2 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 18 29 15 15 16 17 2 6809                           ?  
Southern Lineages 239219 Strong #8   VA>MD     R1b1a2   13 25 14 10 11 15 12 12 12 13 13 30 17 2 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 18 29 15 15 16 17 2 239219 Southern Lineages 11 11 19 23 16 15 19 19 36 37 12 12 2 ?  
  134073 Dickerson           R1b1a2   13 24 14 10 11 15 12 12 11 13 13 30 17 2 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 18 29 15 15 16 17 2 134073   11 11 19 23 16 15 19 19 36 37 12 12 2  
                                                                                                        2  
GERMAN STRONG ANCESTRAL MODAL HAPLOTYPE   =>     13 24 14 10 11 15 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 9 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 16 18 0 GERMAN STRONGS                         0  
German-American 30484 Strong     Germany>USA     R1b1a2   13 24 14 10 11 15 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 9 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 16 18 0 30484                           ?  
  6436 Strong     IN     R1b1a2   13 24 14 10 11 15 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 9 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 16 18 0 6436                           ?  
                                                                                                           
CELTIC IRISH L'ESTRANGE ANCESTRAL MODAL HAPLOTYPE   =>     13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 29 16 0 18 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 30 14 14 16 17 0 CELTIC L'ESTRANGES                         0?  
Irish 7544 L'Estrange #5 QH6CZ IRE>AUST     R1b1a2   13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 29 16 0 18 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 30 14 14 16 17 0 7544 Irish                         ?  
Irish 80958 L'Estrange   X8F8H IRE>USA [CA]     R1b1a2   13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 29 16 0 18 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 30 14 14 16 17 0 80958 Irish 11 11 19 23 16 15 19 17 39 39 14 12 0?  
  101221  L'Estrange See mtDNA     mtDNA   N/A N/A N/A                                                                
                                                                                                      ?  
  MARKERS     =>     393 390 19 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389-1 392 389-2 Result sum of 458 459a 459b 455 454 447 437 448 449 464a 464b 464c 464d sum of DYS#s   460 GATA H4 YCA II a YCA II b 456 607 576 570 CDY a CDY b 442 438 sum of  
                                      sum of                           sum of                             0?  
TYNAN ABBEY & LANARKSHIRE STRANG/STRONGE ANCESTRAL MODAL HAPLOTYPE   =>   Compare ISOGG SNP Tree 13 24 14 11 11 12 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 9 11 11 25 14 17 28 15 15 17 17 0 TYNAN ABBEY   11 11 19 23 16 14 18 19 35 36 12 12 0  
Borders 7548 Strong   568DX SCT>ENG>IRE>ENG>CAN     R1b1a2 See:  FTDNA SNP Report 13 24 14 11 11 12 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 9 11 11 25 14 17 28 15 15 17 17 0 7548 Borders 11 11 19 23 16 14 18 19 35 36 12 12 0 Add'l Markers - See FTDNA Public Page
Monaghan 8920 Strong   GA8G3 IRE>ON     R1b1a2   13 24 14 11 11 12 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 9 11 11 25 14 17 28 15 15 17 17 0 8920 Monaghan                         ?
Ulster 9014 Strong   JRSF5 IRE>ON>ND>CA     R1b1a2   13 24 14 11 11 12 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 9 11 11 25 14 17 28 15 15 17 17 0 9014 Ulster 11 11 19 23 16 14 18 20 35 36 12 12 1
Armagh 24614 Strong #16   NJ>MN>WI     R1b1a2   13 24 14 11 11 12 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 9 11 11 25 14 17 28 15 15 17 17 0 24614 Armagh                         ?
Armagh > Vermont 116019 Strong     Tanderagee, Armagh>Vermont     R1b1a2   13 24 14 11 11 12 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 0                           ? 116019 Armagh > Vermont                         ?
Lanarkshire 106170 Strang   ZG6H5 Lanarkshire, Scotland     R1b1a2   13 24 14 11 11 12 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 0 17 9 9 11 11 25 14 17 28 15 15 17 17 0 106170 Lanarkshire 11 11 19 23 16 14 18 19 35 36 12 12 0
Down, & 6256 Strong   2DV8A IRE>NZ>AUST     R1b1* See SNP Tree 13 24 14 12 11 12 12 12 11 12 13 29 17 2 17 9 9 11 11 25 14 17 28 15 15 17 17 2 6256 Down &   12 11 19 23 16 14 18 19 35 36 12 12 3  
Antrim & So.Carolina  6386 Strong     IRE>SC>IN>MS     R1b1a2   13 24 14 12 11 12 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 1 17 9 9 11 11 25 14 17 28 15 15 17 17 1 6386 Antrim & SC 11 11 19 23 16 14 18 19 35 36 12 12 1  
See The Lanarkshire Hypothesis:     See Tullinisky Discussions                                                                                             ?  
Co.Down, Ulster 36440 Stronge   9Y8WC Tullinisky, Co.Down>Canada     R1b1a2   12 24 14 11 10 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 2 17 8 10 11 11 25 14 19 31 15 15 17 17 6 36440 Co.Down>Canada 11 11 19 23 17 15 19 16 37 38 12 13 13  
                                                                                                      ?  
Irish Strong Haplotype analysis …            =>   Compare ISOGG SNP Tree 13 24? 14 11 11 12? 12 12 12 13 14 29 16 sum of 17 9 10 11 11 25 ? 15 18 31 15 16 16 17 sum of     11 11 19 23 18 16 19 17 38 39 13 12 sum of  
Sligo 6822 Strong 4E0D0 MPQKT IRE BZDTS   R1b1a2a1a1b4b    13 26 14 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 14 29 16 1 18 9 10 11 11 24 15 18 31 15 16 16 17 3? 6822 Sligo                         ? Add'l Markers - See FTDNA Public Page
Tipperary 142803 Stronge    9EB8H IRE     R1b1a2   13 24 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 14 29 16 1 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 18 31 15 16 16 17 1? 142803 Tipperary 11 11 19 23 18 16 19 17 38 39 13 12 ?
                                                                                                      ?
Unknown 104809 Strong - NH85J England > USA     R1b1a2 See SNP Tree 13 25 14 11 13 14 12 12 11 13 13 28 15 ? 18 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 ? 104809 England > USA 10 11 19 23 16 17 17 17 37 38 12 12 ?
                                                                                                        ?
  95969  Strong [Stong]   RGQBJ London, England      R1b1a2   13 25 14 10 11 16 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 ? 17 9 10 11 11 23 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 ? RGQBJ   11 11 19 23 16 15 18 17 39 41 12 12 ?
                                                                                                        ?  
Unknown N22690 Strong-Bresee   X2VDJ Unknown      R1b1a2   13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 15 13 30 15 ?                           ? N22690 Strong-Bresee                         ?  
                                                                                                        ?  
  WSSAZ Strong [Schellenberg]   WSSAZ Danzig-Gdansk, Poland      R1b1a2 Family Website 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 14 29 16   17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 15 16 16 16   WSSAZ   11 11 19 22 16 14 16 18 36 38 11 12 ?  
                                                                                                        ?  
  63555 Bellinger   7WW6N       R1b1a2   13 24 14 11 11 15 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 ? 16 10 10 11 11 25 14 18 30 15 15 17 18 ? 63555 Bellinger 11 11 19 23 14 14 18 18 37 38 12 12 ?  
                                              sum of                           sum of                             sum of  
                    http://www.familytreedna.com/GDRules_12.html               http://www.familytreedna.com/GDRules_25.html   Animated description       http://www.familytreedna.com/GDRules_37.html   http://www.familytreedna.com/GDRules_67.html    
Link to International Society of Genetic Genealogy Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree   Kerchner's YDNA Haplogroup Descriptions & Information Links           Kerchner's mtDNA Haplogroup Descriptions & Information Links   recLOH Events defined                                  
AMH MODAL VALUES     (R1b) =>     13 24 14 11 11 14 12=HG1    12 12 13 13 29 16   17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17                             sum of  
      ATLANTIC MODAL HAPLOTYPE DYS#s     393 390 19 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389-1 392 389-2 Result   458 459a 459b 455 454 447 437 448 449 464a 464b 464c 464d   DYS#s   460 GATA H4 YCA II a YCA II b 456 607 576 570 CDY a CDY b 442 438 steps from AMHT  
  LINKS, NOTES, ETC. MRCA     LINKS See ISSOG NOTE:     (Roper)14= Neolithic     389ii-389i= Result sum of       (Roper)13= Neolithic sum of            
Lineage     Groups KIT# Surname See Notes  Y-Base /   Y-Search links: Ancestral Locations KNOWN Haplogroup (Green = SNP Tested); Haplogroup assignments updated by FTDNA on 5 March 2011, effectively changing R1b1b2 to R1b1a2.   SNP '= See note 6  ===> /|\ 393 390 19 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389-1 392 389-2 steps from AMHT 458 459a 459b 455 454 447 437 448 449 464a 464b 464c 464d steps from AMHT KIT# Lineage     Groups 460 GATA H4 YCA II a YCA II b 456 607 576 570 CDY a CDY b 442 438    
    (Note: Y-Base only used if no Y-Search entry) / Phylo Tree. org SPECU- Nomenclature Update     *   ** **     ** ***   ***     **               ** **/*** **/*** **/*** **/***                  
        Lineages LATIVE 08 Phylogenic tree         (Roper)14= Neolithic       *                         "Note - On May 19, 2003 FTDNA reassigned the values for 464a,b,c,and d.            
                                                      Dropping each by one. These results reflect those changes."            
* DYS 19 is also known as DYS 394./ * DYS 439 is apparently also known as Y GATA A 4.  The Ancestry results for locus Y GATA A 4 are the same values as the FTDNA results for locus #9 (DYS 439)      
The Atlantic Modal Haplotype (AMH) consists of DYS393=13; 390=24; 19=14; 391=11; 388=12; & 392=13.  It is an outdated concept, and is not broadly useful in distinguishing the many haplotypes now known to exist.                 
Red Colored Cells=> ** Rapid Mutation Rates; per FTDNA. Red Mutation Rates => Estimated Rapid Mutation Rates per  Marker and Mutation Comparisons                                      
From "Marsh": "FTDNA released results of a study Nov 2004.  The way data was collected, it has been questioned by some if it may have biased results.  However, in the absence of good information, it is a significant study.                  
This indicates the mutation rate is faster than originally thought. … on average, you might expect one mutation every 21 generations with 12 markers, every 9 generations with 25 markers, and every 5 generations with 37 markers.                   
However, there are a number of factors at play which need to be allowed for.  Some markers, if the have very high or low scores might be more likely to mutate, meaning that some families might be prone to more mutations than other                   
families.  It might also be significant to take into consideration if it is slow or fast mutating markers which have mutated.  Other markers seem to mutate in more than one step at a time, and this needs to be considered."                  
*** See Genetic Distance - FTDNA Calculation                                                                
"The 389-1 count is also included in the 389-2 count. In other words, 389-2 has two parts: the 389-1 part and its other unique part.                          
"Therefore, the calculation to determine distance subtracts the 389-1 count from the 389-2 for each person to determine one set of numbers. Those results are subtracted and the difference is added to the 389-1 difference.                          
"No matter what the difference is in any of the 464 a b c d groups, each counts only as 1 and any match in the group counts as 0 no matter what order it appears on the chart."                          
Note: [DYS426=12 PLUS DYS392=11]=>R1a                                                                
Note Below for Relative Genetics Reporting Conventions:                                                            
     The values for DYS454, DYS455, and Y-GATA-H4 are given according to Relative Genetics revised reporting conventions.                                                                                 
     Before Spring 2003, the values reported for DYS454 and DYS455 were smaller by "1" than those for the new convention.                                                                               
     Similarly, Relative Genetics changed their convention for reporting Y-GATA-H4 in the Fall of 2002.                                                                                       
     Values for Y-GATA-H4 reported before that time were larger by "15".                                                                                               
     The marker Y-GATA-A4 was found to be identical to DYS439 and is no longer used by Relative Genetics.                                                                                
* "GATA H4 now becomes TAGA H4 in line with NIST recommendations...Important note: Family Tree DNA customers who have had 37-marker results which include this marker                                                                       
WILL HAVE TO ADD 1 to their GATA H4 values to update to the newer TAGA H4 system in Ybase and thus be directly comparable with DNA Heritage and Relative Genetics customers..."                                                                                          
Conversely, DNA Heritage costomers would have to deduct 1 from their TAGA H4 values to compare with the FTDNA GATA H4 values.                                                      
     If you were tested by DNA Heritage or Relative Genetics, for example, your value on TAGA-H4 will be one repeat unit greater than it would be when reported as GATA-H4 by FTDNA.      
The Y-Search web site has more information on these nomenclature differences:   http://www.ysearch.org/conversion_page.asp#RG                
See also: Whit Athey's Haplogroup Estimator                                  
       
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                                                            This is:   The Strong, Stronge, Strang, Strange, LeStrange & Armstrong DNA Study Results Page                    
                      This page has several parts; please click on the part you wish to review: See:               http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/%7egallgaedhil/dna_by_surname.htm     Jim Elliott's ALL Border Reivers by Surname DNA Study        
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A) STRONG, STRONGE, STRANGE, STRANG, & LeSTRANGE Y-DNA RESULTS - Chart
See:               http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/%7egallgaedhil/dna_by_surname.htm     Jim Elliott's ALL Border Reivers by Haplogroup DNA Study        
                             (For Armstrong Results, See the Armstrong DNA Results page:) Ad
 
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      Go To:  BORDER REIVER FAMILIES Y-DNA STUDY: Directory Page        
                           (For Mitochondrial DNA Results, See mtDNA Results page:)                       Go To:  BORDER REIVER FAMILIES Y-DNA STUDY: R1b Results Page        
                      B) The Most Common Marker Values of Y-Chromosome Results by Haplogroups Go To:  BORDER REIVER FAMILIES Y-DNA STUDY: I, J, P, R, R1b-subclades Results Page          
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                    C) Comparison  with Strong examples:                  
                      D) Interpreting Results:                               Go To:  mtDNA Results Webpage        
                      E) Grouping of Test Results:                         See:               http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/%7egallgaedhil/dna_by_surname.htm     Enniskillen and Donegal Bay DNA Results Webpage                  
                      F) Development of Findings based on Test Results:                   [Note:  This is a specialized page devoted to DNA studies of certain surnames occuring in the geographic area from Enniskillen, westerly to around Donegal Bay in Ireland.          Add'l Markers - See FTDNA Public Page
                      G) End of Page                               Certain reiver families are known to have been "planted" in this area of Ulster from the Anglo-Scottish border area during the 17th & 18th centuries]            
                                                                                                           
                                             
                                                                                                           
Lineage     Groups KIT# Surname See Notes  Y-Base /   Y-Search links: Ancestral Locations & Migration Patterns MRCA     LINKS MRCA     LINKS Haplogroup (Green = SNP Tested) SNP '= See note 6  ===> 393 390 19 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389-1 392 389-2 389ii-389i= Result steps from AMHT 458 459a 459b 455 454 447 437 448 449 464a     464b 464c 464d steps from AMHT KIT# Lineage     Groups 460 GATA H4 YCA II a YCA II b 456 607 576 570 CDY a CDY b 442 438 steps from AMHT