Treaty With The Cherokee ( 1791, July 2)

Indian Affairs, Laws and Treaties. Vol. II

Proclamation Feb. 7, 1792

A treaty of Peace and Friendship made and concluded between the President 
of the United States of America, on the Part and Behalf of the said States, 
and the undersigned Chiefs and Warriors of the Cherokee Nation of Indians, 
on the Part and Behalf of the said Nation.

The parties being desirous of establishing permanent peace and friendship 
between the United States and the said Cherokee Nation, and the citizens 
and members thereof, and to remove the causes of war, by ascertaining their 
limits and making other necessary, just and friendly arrangements: The 
President of the United States, by William Blount, Governor of the territory 
of the United States of America, south of the river of Ohio, and Superintendent 
of Indian affairs for the southern district, who is vested with full powers 
for these purposes, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the 
United States: And the Cherokee Nation, by the undersigned Chiefs and 
Warriors representing the said nation, have agreed to the following articles, 
namely:

ARTICLE 1.  There shall be perpetual peace and friendship between all the 
citizens of the United States of America, and all the individuals composing 
the whole Cherokee nation of Indians.

ARTICLE 2. The undersigned Chiefs and Warriors, for themselves and all the 
parts of the Cherokee Nation, do acknowledge themselves and the said Cherokee 
Nation, to be under the protection of the said United States of America, 
and no other sovereign whosoever; and they also stipulate that the said 
Cherokee Nation will not hold any treaty with any foreign power, individual 
state, or with individuals of any state.

ARTICLE 3. The Cherokee Nation shall deliver to the Governor of the territory 
of the United States of America, south of the river Ohio, on or before the 
first day of April next, at this place, all persons who are now prisoners, 
captured by them from any part of the United States: And the United States 
shall on or before the same day, and at the same place, restore to the Cherokee, 
all prisoners now in captivity, which the citizens of the United States have 
captured from them.

ARTICLE 4. The boundary between the citizens of the United States and the 
Cherokee Nation, is and shall be as follows:  Beginning at the top of the 
<30> Currahee mountain, where the creek passes it; thence a direct line to 
Tugelo river; thence northeast to the Occunna mountain, and over the same 
along the South-Carolina Indian boundary to the North-Carolina boundary; 
thence north to a point from which a line is to be extended to the river 
Clinch, that shall pass the Holston at the ridge which divides the waters 
running into Little River from those running into the Tennessee; thence 
up the river Clinch to Campbell's line, and along the same to the top of 
Cumberland mountain; thence a direct line to the Cumberland river where 
the Kentucky road crosses it; thence down the Cumberland river to a point 
from which a south west line will strike the ridge which divides the waters 
of Cumberland from those of Duck river, forty miles above Nashville; thence 
down the said ridge to a point from whence a south west line will strike the 
mouth of Duck river.

And in order to preclude forever all disputes relative to the said boundary, 
the same shall be ascertained, and marked plainly by three persons appointed 
on the part of the United States, and three Cherokees on the part of their 
nation.

And in order to extinguish forever all claims of the Cherokee nation, or 
any part thereof, to any land lying to the right of the line above described, 
beginning as aforesaid at the Currahee mountain, it is hereby agreed, that 
in addition to the consideration heretofore made for the said land, the 
United States will cause certain valuable goods, to be immediately delivered 
to the undersigned Chiefs and Warriors, for the use of their Nation; and the 
said United States will also cause the sum of one thousand dollars to be paid 
annually to the said Cherokee Nation.  And the undersigned Chiefs and Warriors, 
do hereby for themselves and the whole Cherokee Nation, their heirs and 
descendants, for the considerations above-mentioned, release, quit-claim, 
relinquish and cede, all the land to the right of the line described, and 
beginning aforesaid.

ARTICLE 5.  It is stipulated and agreed, that the citizens and inhabitants 
of the United States, shall have a free and unmolested use of a road from 
Washington district to Mero district, and of the navigation of the Tennessee 
river.

ARTICLE 6.  It is agreed on the part of the Cherokees, that the United 
States shall have the sole and exclusive right of regulating their trade.

ARTICLE 7.  The United States solemnly guarantee to the Cherokee nation, 
all their lands not hereby ceded.

ARTICLE 8.  If any citizen of the United States, or other person not being 
an Indian, shall settle on any of the Cherokees' lands, such person shall 
forfeit the protection of the United States, and the Cherokees may punish 
him or not, as they please.

ARTICLE 9.  No citizen or inhabitant of the United States, shall attempt 
to hunt or destroy the game on the lands of the Cherokee; nor shall any 
citizen or inhabitant go into the Cherokee country, without a passport 
first obtained from the Governor of some one of the United States, or 
<31> territorial districts, or such other person as the President of the 
United States may from time to time authorize to grant the same.

ARTICLE 10.  If any Cherokee Indian or Indians, or person residing among 
them, or who shall take refuge in their nation, shall steal a horse from, 
or commit a robbery or murder, or other capitol crime, on any citizens or 
inhabitants of the United States, the Cherokee Nation shall be bound to 
deliver him or them up, to be punished according to the laws of the 
United States.

ARTICLE 11.  If any citizen or inhabitant of the United States, or of either 
of the territorial districts of the United States, shall go into any town, 
settlement or territory belonging to the Cherokees, and shall there commit 
any crime upon, or trespass against a person or property of any peaceable 
and friendly Indian or Indians, which if committed within the jurisdiction 
of any state, or within the jurisdiction of either of the said districts, 
against a citizen or white inhabitant thereof, would be punishable by the 
laws of such state or district, such offender or offenders, shall be subject 
to the same punishment, and shall be proceeded against in the same manner 
as if the offence had been committed within the jurisdiction of the state 
or the district to which he or they may belong, against a citizen or white 
inhabitant thereof.

ARTICLE 12.  In case of violence on the persons or property of the individuals 
of either party, neither shall retaliation or reprisal shall be committed by 
the other, until satisfaction shall have been demanded of the party of which 
the aggressor is, and shall not be refused.

ARTICLE 13.  The Cherokees shall give notice to the citizens of the United 
States, of any designs which they may know, or suspect to be formed in any 
neighboring tribe, or by which any person whatever, against the peace and 
interest of the United States.

ARTICLE 14.  That the Cherokee nation may be lead to a greater degree of 
civilization, and to become herdsmen and cultivators, instead of remaining 
in a state of hunters, the United States will from time to time furnish 
gratuitously the said nation with useful implements of husbandry, and further 
to assist the said nation in so desirable a pursuit, and at the same time to 
establish a certain mode of communication, the United States will send such, 
and so many persons to reside in said nation as they may judge proper, not 
exceeding four in number, who shall qualify themselves to act as interpreters.  
These persons shall have lands assigned by the Cherokees for cultivation for 
themselves and their successors in office; but they shall precluded exercising 
any kind of traffic.

ARTICLE 15.  All animosities for past grievances shall henceforth cease, and 
the contracting parties will carry the foregoing treaty into full execution 
with all good faith and sincerity.

ARTICLE 16.  This treaty shall take effect and be obligatory on the 
contracting parties, as soon as the same shall have been ratified by the 
President of the United States, with the advice and consent of the Senate 
of the United States.

In witness of all and every thing herein determined between the United 
States of America and the whole Cherokee nation, the parties have hereunto 
set their hands and seals, at the treaty ground on the bank of the Holston, 
near the mouth of the French Broad, within the United States, this second 
day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and 
ninety-one.

William Blount, governor in and over the territory of the United States 
of America south of the river Ohio, and superintendent of Indian Affairs 
for the southern district,
Chuleoah, or the Boots, his x-mark,
Squollecuttah, or Hanging Maw, his x-mark,			Skyuka,
Occunna, or the Badger, his x-mark,				John Thompson, 
Interpreter,
Enolah, or Black Fox, his x-mark,				James Crey, Interpreter,
Nontuaka, or the Northward, his x-mark,				Done in presence of-
Tekakiska, his x-mark,						Dan'l Smith, Sec. 
Chutloh, or King Fisher, his x-mark,				United States south 
of the
Tuckaseh, or Terrapin, his x-mark,				river Ohio,
Kateh, his x-mark,						Fauche, of Georgia,
Kunnochatutioh, or the Crane, his x-mark,			Titus Ogden, North 
Carolina,
Cauquillehanah, or the Thigh, his x-mark,			Thomas Kennedy, of 
Kentucky,
Chesquotteleneh, or Yellow Bird, his x-mark,			Jno. Chisolm, 
Washington Dist,
Chickasawtehe, or Chickasaw Killer, his x-mark,			Jas. Robertson, of 
Mero District,
Tuskegatehe, Tuskega Killer, his x-mark,			Robert King,
Kulsatehe, his x-mark,						Claiborne Watkins, of 
Virginia,
Tinkshalene, his x-mark,					Thomas Gregg,
Sawutteh, or Slave Catcher, his x-mark,				Jno. McWhitney, of 
Georgia.
Aukuah, his x-mark,
Oosenaleh, his x-mark,
Kenotetah, or Rising Fawn, his x-mark,
Kanetetoka, or Standing Turkey, his x-mark,
Yonwatleh, or Bear at Home, his x-mark,
Long Will, his x-mark,
Kunoskeskie, or John Watts, his x-mark,
Nenetooyah, or Bloody Fellow, his x-mark,
Chuquilatague, or Double Head, his x-mark,
Koolaquah, or Big Acorn, his x-mark,
Toowayelloh, or Bold Hunter, his x-mark,
Jahleoonoyehka, or Middle Striker, his x-mark,
Kinnesah, or Cabin,  his x-mark,
Tullotehe, or Two Killer, his x-mark,
Kaalouske, or Stopt Still, his x-mark,
Kulsatche, his x-mark,
Auquotague, the Little Turkey's Son, his x-mark,
Talohteske, or Upsetter, his x-markCheakoneske, or Otter Lifter, his x-mark,
Keshukaune, or She Reigns, his x-mark,
Toonauanailoh, his x-mark,
Teesteke, or Common Disturber, his x-mark,
Robin McClemore,
Indian Affairs, Laws and Treaties. Vol.II

Feb. 17, 1792

7 Stat., 42.

Proclamation, Feb. 17, 1792

Additional Article to the Treaty made between the United States of America 
and the Cherokees on the Second day of July, one thousand seven hundred 
and ninety-one.

It is hereby mutually agreed between Henry Knox, Secretary of War, duly 
authorized thereto in behalf of the United States, on the one part, and 
the undersigned Chiefs and Warriors, in behalf of themselves <33> and 
the Cherokee nation, on the other part, that the following article shall 
be added to and considered as part of the treaty made between the United 
States and the said Cherokee nation on the second day of July, one thousand 
seven hundred and ninety-one; to wit:

The sum to be paid annually by the United States to the Cherokee nation 
of Indians, in consideration of the relinquishment of land, as stated in 
the treaty made with them on the second day of July, one thousand seven 
hundred and ninety-one, shall be one thousand five hundred dollars instead 
of one thousand dollars, mentioned in said treaty.

In testimony whereof, the said Henry Knox, Secretary of War, and the said 
chiefs and warriors of the Cherokee Nation, have hereunto set their hands 
and seals, in the city of Philadelphia, this seventeenth day of February, 
in the year of our Lord, one thousand, seven hundred and ninety-two.
H. Knox, Secretary of War,
Iskagua, or Clear Sky, his x-mark (formerly Nenetooyah, or Bloody Fellow),
Nontuaka, or the Northward, his x-mark,
Chutloh, of King Fisher, his x-mark,
Katigoslah, or the Prince, his x-mark,
Teesteke, or Common Disturber, his x-mark,
Suaka, or George Miller, his x-mark,
In presence of-
Thomas Grooter,
Jno. Stagg, jr.,
Leonard D. Shaw,
James Cery, sworn interpreter to the Cherokee Nation.


Treaty with the Cherokee (1794, June 26)

7 Stat.; 43

Proclamation, Jan. 21, 1795

Whereas the treaty made and concluded on the Holston river, on the second day 
of July, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-one, between the United States 
of America and the Cherokee Nation of Indians, has not been fully carried into 
execution by reason of some misunderstandings which have arisen:

ARTICLE 1.  And whereas the undersigned Henry Knox, Secretary for the depart-
ment of War being authorized thereto by the President of the United States, 
in behalf of the said United States, and the undersigned Chiefs and Warriors, 
in their own names, and in behalf of the whole Cherokee Nation, are delirious 
of re-establishing peace and friendship between the said parties in a 
permanent manner, Do hereby declare, that the said treaty of Holston is, to 
all intents and purposes, in full force and binding upon the said parties, 
as well in respect to the boundaries therein mentioned as in all other 
respects whatever.

ARTICLE 2.  It is hereby stipulated that the boundaries mentioned in the 
fourth article of the said treaty, shall be actually ascertained and marked 
in the manner prescribed by the said article, whenever the Cherokee nation 
shall have ninety days notice of the time and place at which the commissio-
ners of the United States intend to commence their operation. <34>

ARTICLE 3.  The United States, to evince their justice by amply compensating 
the said Cherokee nation on Indians for all relinquishments of land made 
either by the treaty of Hopewell upon the Keowee river, concluded on the 
twenty-eighth of November, one thousand seven hundred and eighty five, or 
the aforesaid treaty made upon the Holston river, on the second day of July, 
one thousand seven hundred and ninety-one, do hereby stipulate, in lieu of 
all former sums to be paid annually to furnish the Cherokee Indians with 
goods suitable for their use, to the amount of five thousand dollars yearly.

ARTICLE 4.  And the said Cherokee nation, in order to evince the sincerity 
of their intentions in future, to prevent the practice of stealing horses, 
attended with the most pernicious consequences to the lives and peace of 
both parties, do hereby agree, that for every horse which shall be stolen 
from the white inhabitants by any Cherokee Indians, and not returned within 
three months, that the sum of fifty dollars shall be deducted from the said 
annuity of five thousand dollars.

ARTICLE 5.  The articles now stipulated will be considered as permanent 
additions to the treaty of Holston, as soon as they shall have been ratified 
by the President of the United States and the Senate of the United States.

In witness of all and every thing herein determined between the United States 
of America and the whole Cherokee Nation, the parties have hereunto set their 
hands and seals in the City of Philadelphia, within the United States, this 
twenty-sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred 
and ninety-four.
H. Knox, Secretary of War
Tekakisskee, or Taken out of the Water, his x-mark,
Nontuaka, or the Northward, his x-mark,
Cinasaw, of the Cabin, his x-mark,
Skyuka, his x-mark,
Chuquilatague, or Double Head, his x-mark,
John McCleemore, his x-mark,
Walahue, or the Humming Bird,
Chuleowee, his x-mark,
Ustanaqua, his x-mark,
Kullusathee, his x-mark,
Siteaha, his x-mark,
Keenaguna, or the Lying Fawn, his x-mark,
Chatakaelesa, or the Fowl Carrier,
Done in presence of-
John Thompson,
Arthur Coodey, Interpreter,
William Wofford, of the State of Georgia,
W. McCaleb, of South Carolina,
Cantwell Jones, of Delaware,
Samuel Lewis, of Philadelphia.

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