CHICKASAW AND CHOCTAW FREEDMEN'S ENROLLMENT CARD NUMBERS INDEX by ROLL NUMBER

A Little History

SAC and FOX TRIBE
1895 Maps of Indian Nations

Originally separate and independent tribes of the Alognquian linguistic family, the Sac (or Sauk) and For Tribes have long been affiliated and allied.The original home land of the Sac and Fox was in the Great Lake region, where the Sac inhabited the Upper Michigan Peninsula and the Fox, the south shore of Lake Superior.By 1667, when Father Allouez made the first recorded white contact with the two tribes, Iroquois and French pressure on the Sac, and Chippewa pressure on the Fox, had pushed both groups to the vicinity of present-day Green Bay, Wisconsin.French attacks on the Sac and Fox in the 18th Century, attributed to Indians, strengthened the alliance of the two tribes, amounting to a confederation.Forced to migrate south, they attacked the Illinois and forced them from their lands along the Mississippi in the present-day States of Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin.Those groups that stayed near the Mississippi River became know as the �sac and Fox of the Mississippi� to distinguish them from the �Sac and Fox of the Missouri,� a large band that settled further south along the Missouri River.

In 1804, the chiefs of the Missouri band were persuaded to sign a treaty ceding the United States all Sac and Fox lands east of the Mississippi River, as well as some hunting grounds to the west of it.Government efforts several years later to enforce the treaty embittered the Sac and Fox caused a split in the confederation.The majority of the tribe followed the conciliatory Sac Chief Keokuk, who agreed to move.The remainder supported his rival, Black Hawk, a Sac warrior who bitterly opposed the treaty and led his �British Band� into revolt (Black Hawk War).With the Treaty of Fort Armstrong (1832), the Sac and Fox power on the frontier came to an end.In 1833, the tribe were moved to Iowa, where they lived for only 13 years before being moved again, this time to the Osage River Reservation in Kansas.In 1869, the Sac and Fox were again moved, this time to Oklahoma.Keokuk, and later his son, Moses, continued to lead the conciliatory faction of the tribes, but many Fox opposed the many cessions of land to the United States and returned to Iowa in 1859 to join a small number who had steadfastly refused to move.