Texas Slave Narratives

Texas Slave Narrative

  O. A. Marsh

My name is O.A. Marsh and I am now 77 years of age. I was born August 29th, 1860, on my own 1,040 acre plantation, located near Hazelhurst, Mississippi. I inherited the place and 19 negro slaves at my birth. My father, John Marsh , had died before my birth, and his will stated his request that his child should have full ownership. This was unusual but true. Most of the land was in timber, this explaining why we didn't own the usual ratio of one slave to work each ten acres. I was only five years old when the emancipation Act freed my slaves and don't remember much of the slavery days, but I do remember the plantation and most of the slaves as they didn't want to leave us. They lived in the cabins that formerly comprised the "quarters", and some of them stayed with the Marsh family until their death. This was due to the treatment they had always received. Some of the slaves actually considered themselves as part of the Marsh family and so acted. However, they always kept their places and remembered that they were negroes. One of these slave women was bought in a public slave auction after a spirited bidding. My father's bid of $500.00 was highest. He received papers from the negro trader stating that she had been brought from Africa only a month preceding the sale. I don't remember her name, but I do remember her insatiable greed for grease or lard. She would steal every smidgin that she could get her hands on. One day my mother and I saw her take a can of lye from the top of a high shelf. Fearing that she might taste it, my mother screamed, and I ran to take it away from her. She must have thought it was grease and we didn't want her to have it because she then greedily gulped the contents of the can. She died a horrible death.

Another slave woman that my father bought in the same manner, came the same route the former slave did. She was a more valuable slave and cost him $625.00. Later, she became the Marsh family's favorite slave and lived in the house with us. She wouldn't even mix with the other negroes and when one of them had done something, she would begin to discuss it by saying, "W'at yous think dat nasty, stinkin' ol' nigger done?" It was the custom to address elderly negroes as Aunt or Uncle, but when a negro addressed her as "Aunt Cynth ", she would reply, "I'm none ob yous Aunt!" She left for a visit to her relatives in Georgia in 1908 but immediately returned after a siege of typhoid fever. She died in 1911 and was buried in the white cemetery in Hazelhurst. We had another old slave woman who was the family cook until her freedom. She didn't want to cook or do any work for a while but was allowed the use of one of the cabins. I can see her now. She was coal black, weighed about 200 pounds, and had a flattopped head from carrying so many things on it. She finally had to do something for her existence so she started to cooking a number of things and taking them to town to sell. All the men would crowd around her and buy everything she had as soon as they knew she was in town. They called her "Old Kitchen". I wish you could see her as I have seen her when she went to town with a board as wide as some tables on her head and loaded with fried chicken and other things.

I have been married three times. My present wife and I celebrated our eighth wedding anniversary last Friday on July the 23rd, 1937. On our sixth anniversary, we took a trip back to our old home places. You see, her parents owned a few slaves and a place near Carthage, Mississippi. Their name was Neal . Well, I will tell you about our trip. As our car was entering the city limits of Carthage, we saw an old negro woman walking down the road and, when we reached her, my wife and the negro recognized each other. She had been the Neal's old washerwoman when my wife was still a child. The negro woman loudly exclaimed, "Git outen dat cah, Missy Mitt ! I's wants to hug yous". My wife scrambled out of the car and reciprocated her affectionate action. She then directed us to where a set of negroes lived who had played with Mrs. Marsh when she was a child. Their parents belonged to the Neals but were named Noley , and were known as the Noley negroes. They recognized my wife as soon as we stopped the car in front of their place and they acted the same way as the washerwoman in asking my wife out of the car. After she alighted, they passed her around from one to another until seven had hugged her. Their conversation sounded as if Mrs. Marsh were one of their family just returned from a foreign country after a long stay. You asked me about the Patter Rollers. I recognize the term and remember the men the term was used to indicate. Patter Rollers and Paddy Rollers are deriviatives from the word patrollers or patrolmen. These men formed a branch of service organized to protect property and keep the negro slaves on their plantations during the Civil War when there was a shortage of white men. While they weren't soldiers, still they were given a territory to patrol. Their small number gave a certain element or type of men an opportunity to raid and plunder the negroes and abuse them at almost anytime they wished. They acted as legal patrolmen and some of them were so vicious that they were soon bugaboos or devils in the negroid mind. They would lash the negroes purely for the fun and amusement it gave them. I saw one abusive act with my own eyes and had it not been for my youth, I would have remonstrated with them on the spot.

I was returning from a hunting trip when I saw them ride up and fill the doorway of a cabin on a neighbor's place where ten or twelve negro women were quilting. The women began screaming and begging the men not to hurt them. The leader strode into the room and jerked the quilt down and destroyed it. Then he struck several of them. Seeing that they weren't going to fight back, the men rode off. I remember several of the songs about these men. There was a large number of them, but I remember only these two verses: "Run nigger run, Pattyroll catch you, Run nigger run, 'case its almost day. Dat nigger run, dat nigger flew Dat nigger lost his Sunday shoe. Now, I never saw a negro that had a Sunday shoe in those days but that's the way the ditty went. They were all barefooted in those days. Another ditty went this way: Up the hill and down the holler, White man caught dat nigger by de collar; Dat nigger run an' dat nigger flew,  Dat nigger tore his shirt in two. I don't recall anymore of them right now, but they will give you an idea of the fear the patrolmen struck into the negroes. Well, all that's in the past now and I am old with just my memories, and I can't remember much either. My wife and I expect to live here until death takes us. We would like to be taken at the same time, but the Lord's will must be done. We own our home here at 2504 Market Avenue in North Fort Worth. Our sole support is a pension received monthly from the State. We both have a number of children, but they are having a hard time providing for themselves and our grandchildren. There is just one thing more that I want you to try some time. I used to do it easy. You see, I was a blacksmith for years and my wrists were extraordinarily strong. Take a twenty pound sledge hammer and, holding the end of the handle with either hand, let it down slowly and just tip the end of your nose. When you can accomplish that, you have done something. I could do other tricks too, but that will do you for a while.


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