1782-1787 -- Wyoming Valley war in Pennsylvania.

1790-1795 -- War with the Northwest (Territory) Indians; Mingo, Miami, Wyandot, Delaware, Potawatomi, Shawnee, Chippewa, and Ottawa, September 19, 1790, to August 3, 1795.  Included are Hamar's and St. Clair's bloody defeats and Wayne's victory at Fallen Timbers, which compelled peace.

1811 -- War with the Indians in Indiana (Territory), September 21 to November 18, 1811.  General Harrison defeated the Confederate tribes at Tippecanoe, Indiana (Territory).

1812 -- Florida or Seminole war, August 15 to October 1812.  Spanish Florida invaded by Georgia Militia under General Newman, never ceased until Florida was ceded by Spain to the United States.  In fact, one band of Seminole was never conquered and reside in Florida to this day.

1813 -- Peoria Indian war in Illinois (Territory), September 19 to October 21.

1813-1814 -- Creek Indian war in Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, and Mississippi (Territory), July 27, 1813 to August 9, 1814.  It was in this war that General Andrew Jackson first attracted attention as a commander.  He defeated the Creeks in a bloody engagement at Talladega, November 9, 1813; at Emuckfau, January 22, 1814; at Enotochopco, January 24, and finally at the Horseshoe Bend of the Tallapoosa River, March 27, 1814, which humbled the Creek pride completely.  At this battle 750 Creeks were killed or drowned, and 20l whites were killed or wounded.  In this war the brave Creeks lost 2,000 warriors.  Ten years afterward the tribe still numbered 22,000.

1817-1818 -- Seminole Indian war in Georgia and Florida, November 20, 1817, to October 31, 1818.  It was during this war that Jackson took possession of the Spanish territory.  He seized St. Marks and Pensacola, Florida (Territory), hanged two Englishmen, Arbuthnot and Ambrister, for inciting the Indians to hostilities and brought the Indians to terms.

1823 -- Campaign against Arickaree Indians, upper Missouri River.

1827 -- Fever River expedition against the Indians in Illinois.

1827 -- Winnebago expedition, Wisconsin (Territory), June 28 to September 27, 1827; also called La Fevre Indian war.

183l -- Sauk and Fox Indian war in Illinois, June and July.

1832 -- Black Hawk Indian war, April 26 to September 30, 1832, in Illinois and Wisconsin (Territory).  Black Hawk escaped from General Atkinson, but surrendered at Prairie du Chien, August 27, 1832.  He was taken to Washington to see the "Great Father", and ever afterward lived at peace with the whites.  He was but a chief of a secondary band.  He settled upon the Des Moines River, in Iowa (Territory), where he died October 3, 1838.

1834 -- Pawnee expedition in the Indian Territory, June to September.

1835-1836 -- The Toledo war, or Ohio and Michigan boundary dispute.

1835-1842 -- Florida or Seminole Indian war in Florida (Territory), Georgia and Alabama, December 8, 1835 to August 14, 1842.

1836-1837 -- Sabine or Southwestern Indian disturbance in Louisiana, April 1836 to April 1837.

1836 -- Heatherly Indian troubles on Missouri and Iowa line, July to November.

1836-1838 -- Cherokee disturbances and removal to the Indian Territory.

1837 -- Osage Indian war in Missouri.

1847-1848 -- Cayuse Indian war in Oregon, December 1847 to July 1848.

1849-1855 -- Texas and New Mexico (Territory) Indian war.

1849-1855 -- Apache, Navajo, and Utah war.

1849-186l -- Navajo troubles in New Mexico (Territory).

1849-186l -- Continuous disturbances with Comanche, Cheyenne, Lipan and Kickapoo Indians in Texas.

1850 -- Pit River expedition, California, April 28 to September 13, 1850.

1850-1853 -- Utah Indian disturbances.

185l-1852 -- California Indian disturbances.

185l-1856 -- Rogue River Indian war in Oregon (Territory), June 17 to July 3, 1851; August 8 to September 1853; March to June 1856.

1854 -- Oregon Indian war in Oregon (Territory), August and September, 1854.

1855 -- Yakima expedition, Washington (Territory), October 11 to November 24, 1855.  Commanded by Maj. Gabriel J. Rains, afterward a Confederate General.  Composed of a small body of regulars and a regiment of mounted Oregon troops.  The expedition was a failure.  The following year, under command of Col. Geo. Wright, U.S.A., better success was had against the Indian allies and peace subsequently compelled.  Lieutenant Sheridan, afterward Lieutenant General, greatly distinguished himself at the Cascades.

1855 -- Klamath and Salmon River Indian war in Oregon (Territory), January to March.

1855 -- Winna's expedition against Snake Indians, Oregon (Territory), May 24 to September 8.

1855-1856 -- Cheyenne and Arapaho troubles.

1855-1858 -- Florida Indian war, December 15, 1855, to May 8, 1858.

1857 -- Sioux Indian troubles in Minnesota (Territory) and Iowa, March and April, 1857.

Continued on page 2