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U. S. BASE HOSPITAL NO. 35, MARS-SUR-ALLIER, NIEVRE, FRANCE WW1

Colonel George F. Lull Commanding Officer of Base Hospital No. 35, Mars-sur-Allier, France, WW1. Picture from his A.E.F. ID card. (Images and material source: Bob Lull, G.F. Lull Family Collection)

Greg
I have just come across your Website concerning your research into the history of the Veterinary Corps, and Nevers, France in WWI. My grandfather, then Colonel George F. Lull was the commanding officer of Base Hospital No. 35 in WWI. He went on to be Deputy Surgeon General of the Army in WWII.

He was a lieutenant colonel in WWI. Like nearly all officers, he was reduced in grade with the postwar reduction in the army strength. He was lucky, only being reduced to major. My grandfather eventually moved up, making brigadier general in 1943, and major general shortly thereafter.

Incidentally, I was in the medical service corps for 22 years. In my first year in Vietnam, I was a platoon leader in an armored cavalry unit in the First Infantry Division. In my second year in Vietnam, I commanded a support company (logistics). Among other units, I had a Veterinary unit attached for logistical support, including rations, billets, maintenance, and similar support. They were a food inspection unit, who worked with many shiploads of rations entering the country.

Several years later, I commanded a medical logistics battalion in Korea. I as I recall a veterinary unit was similarly attached, but cannot specifically remember. Following that, I set up a medical group headquarters in Germany, and was briefly interim commander until the CO arrived. One of our units was a preventive medicine unit that I believe had VC personnel.

I was later assigned as chief of logistical services for Medical Department activities (MEDDAC) at West Point, and throughout the Northeast. We had a very active Veterinary animal clinic, and were responsible for the four Army mule mascots at the Military Academy.

My father was a medical corps officer whose career bridged the gap between my grandfather and myself, serving from 1943-1965. His last assignment was as MEDDAC commander at Fort McClellan, Alabama, which included Veterinary facilities.

Bob Lull

Major General George F. Lull, WWII, War Department (Images and material source: Bob Lull, G.F. Lull Family Collection)

U.S. HOSPITALS AT MARS-SUR-ALLIER CENTER, NIEVRE, FRANCE, WW1
Base Hospital No 14 - Mars-sur-Allier, Nievre, Building used Type A Unit.
Base Hospital No 35 - Mars-sur-Allier, Nievre, Building used Type A Barracks.
Base Hospital No 48 - Mars-sur-Allier, Nievre, Building used Type A Unit
Base Hospital No 62 - Mars-sur-Allier, Nievre, Building used Type A Unit And Tents.
Base Hospital No 68 - Mars-sur-Allier, Nievre, Building used Type A Unit.
Base Hospital No 107 - Mars-sur-Allier, Nievre, Building used Type A Unit.
Base Hospital No 110 - Mars-sur-Allier, Nievre, Building used Type A Unit.
Base Hospital No 123 - Mars-sur-Allier, Nievre, Building used Type A Unit.
Base Hospital No 131 - Mars-sur-Allier, Nievre, Building used Type A Unit.

Source: Great War Society

GREAT WAR SOCIETY
Click on the below link:
Source: Great War Society

HISTORY OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 35, WW1
In April 1917, U.S. Army Base Hospital No. 35 was organized in Los Angeles, California, under the sponsorship of the American Red Cross. Its parent organization was the Hospital of the Good Samaritan. Dr. J. J. A. Van Kaathoven, Dr. Frederick A. Coller, and Dr. Frederick S. Ray of that institution were especially prominent in the early development of the hospital, Dr. Van Kaathoven becoming director. Dr. Ray was appointed temporary adjutant and to him fell the bulk of the labor of recruiting and examining the enlisted personnel. The selection and organization of the nursing force was done largely by Miss Aline Macfarlane of the Army Nurse Corps.

The raising of funds, the organization of the hospital, and the acquisition of equipment occupied the spring and summer of 1917. This labor was done gratuitously by members of the organization, aided unselfishly by large numbers of patriotic citizens of Los Angeles, Pasadena, and neighboring cities. It is to be regretted that it is not possible, through lack of data, to acknowledge to each of these people the debt Base Hospital No. 35 owes them.

Staff, photo taken at Base Hospital No.35, Mars-sur-Allier, France WW1. My grandfather (Colonel George F. Lull) is fifth from the left in the front row. (Images and material source: Bob Lull, G.F. Lull Family Collection)

At the time the control of the organization passed from the hands of the Red Cross to the Army, the roster of professional men showed the following names:

DIRECTOR
J. J. A. Van Kaathoven

MEDICAL STAFF
Walter V. Brem, Chief
George G. Hunter
William V. Chalmers-Francis
Philip Cunnane
Bret Swartz
Wallace Dodge
Gilbert R. Owen
Robert B. Hill
George F. Schenck
Roy F. Ruth

SURGICAL STAFF
Frederick A. Coller, Chief
Edwin H. Wiley
Eliot Alden
Frederick S. Ray
Arch M. Paulson
Karl L. Dieterle
Carl W. Rand
Emil F. Tholen
Simon H. Jesberg
Walter M. Holleran
Thomas R. McHugh

DENTISTS
Alexander A. Payette
Harve E. Cannon

Between September 24 and December 28, 1917, the above-named doctors received their commissions in the Medical Reserve Corps; the dentists, in the Dental Reserve Corps. Before Dr. Coller's commissions arrived, his draft number was called, and he went to America Lake as a private. When his commission as a first lieutenant arrived, he had attained a sergeantcy. His promotion to a captain soon followed. He was not returned to the unit.

The Los Angeles Medical Society tendered the officers of the unit a brilliant reception and banquet, in January 1918, at the Hotel Alexandria. The occasion was marked by the presence of French and British officers and many prominent medical men and other citizens of Los Angeles.

In January 1918, orders began to arrive for various officers of the unit. Captain Owen was sent to New York for a course of instruction in Military Roentgenology. On completion of this course, he was made an instructor in the school.

Early in February, Lieutenant Hill was ordered to duty at the Letterman General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif. Captain Tholen left, February 27, to attend the first session of the Northwestern School of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Chicago. On completion of this course, April 1, he went to Camp Greenleaf. May 23, he was ordered to Hoboken, where he remained on duty until the arrival of the unit. Lieutenant. Rand, on February 5, proceeded to New York for instruction in neurological surgery. When this course was completed, he reported for duty to the Surgeon, Port of Embarkation, Hoboken, New Jersey.

On March 6, Lieutenants Ruth, Schenck, and Holleran, were ordered for temporary duty to the base hospital at Camp Bowie, where they remained until May 24, when they proceeded under telegraphic instructions to Hoboken, for duty at the port. Lieutenant Dodge was sent for duty to the base hospital at Fort Riley, where he remained until mobilization of the unit at Camp Kearny.

Lieutenant Cunnane received orders in March to proceed to Fort Riley, where he entered Medical Officers Training Camp. He was not returned to the unit. Captain Chalmers-Francis was also sent to this camp and likewise lost to the unit, in spite of repeated efforts to have him returned.

Major Brem saw his first service at Camp Kearny in September 1917; He was employed as a cardio-vascular expert, until sent to Camp Cody, where he assumed charge of the medical service in the base hospital. He remained there until the unit was mobilized at Camp Kearny. Late in May, having failed to meet the physical requirements for overseas duty, he was ordered to Camp Fremont.

During the last half of April 1918, the following-named officers of the parent Red Cross Organization reported for duty at Camp Kearny: - Majors M.R.C (Medical Reserve Corps), J.J.A. Van Kaathoven, and Walter V. Brem; Captains, M.R.C., Eliot Alden, Edwin H. Wiley, Thomas R. McHugh; First Lieutenants, M.R.C. Karl L. Dieterle, Wallace Dodge, Simon H. Jesburg, Arch M. Paulson, Bret Swartz, and Robert B. Hill; First Lieutenants, D.R.C. (Dental Reserve Corps), Alexander A. Payette and Harve E. Cannon. Lieutenant Swartz failed to qualify physically for overseas duty.

The organization gained the following officers at Camp Kearny: - Captain Pearl C. West, M.R.C., First Lieutenants Antony J. Greco and E.E. Treadway, from the Camp Kearny base hospital; Captain H.W. Mills, M.R.C., and First Lieutenant Samuel J. Mattison, M.R.C., from civilian practice; First Lieutenant V.T. Dunning, M.R.C., from Camp Cody Base Hospital; and Second Lieutenant Lawrence B. Savage, O.M.C. (Quartermaster Corps), from Camp Cody. Lieutenant Treadway died of cerebro-spinal meningitis before the departure of the unit from Camp Kearny.

Lieutenant Colonel George F. Lull, M.C.N.A. (Medical Corps National Army), arrived early in June from Camp Beauregard Base Hospital, and assumed command of the organization.

Meanwhile, our nurses were in service in various military hospitals throughout the country.

On March 9, 1918, Special Orders No. 57, Headquarters Western Department, San Francisco, ordered into active service the enlisted personnel.

The men were mobilized in Los Angeles, on March 14, and preceded on that date to Camp Kearny, under the command of Lieutenant Ray. Here they were assigned for the usual quarantine period to the Recruit Camp. During that time the necessary clothing and equipment was issued, first lessons in the school of the soldier were given, details of war risk insurance and allotments were completed, and vaccination and anti-typhoid inoculation given each man. Sgt. Rindge was appointed First Sergeant of the detachment.

On March 31, the detachment was moved to the base hospital of the camp for further training. There, following courses of instruction in Army Regulations, Drill, First Aid, Anatomy, Minor Surgery, and other essentials for sanitary troops, the men were put into different departments of the Kearny Base to complete their training. Working in conjunction with the hospital detachment personnel, later Base Hospital No. 96, A.E.F., the enlisted men served in all branches of the hospital until the latter of June, when orders to prepare for overseas service were received.

On July 4, the unit, under command of Lt. Colonel Lull entrained at Camp Kearny for the first part of the long trip to France. Passing diagonally across the United States and through a few hundred miles of Canada, it arrived at Camp Merritt, New Jersey, on July 9.

Many inspections of the men and equipment followed, multiple reports and passenger list were sent in as soon as possible, and all preparations having been completed, the enlisted men, with Lieutenant Prince, Detachment Commander, and Lieutenants Ray, Cannon, Eaton, and Savage, sailed for Hoboken on July 15, on the English steamship Port Melbourne. The rest of the officers sailed in the same convoy on the steamship Saxonia.

A few days later our nurses were assembled in New York to finish their overseas training. Leaving that port some weeks after the corpsmen embarked from Hoboken, they crossed directly to France on the S.S. Leviathan, and arrived at the hospital center on August 21, less than two weeks after the officers and corpsmen.

In company with several other transports, and protection by a sea-plane, a dirigible, and several destroyers, the Port Melbourne and Saxonia proceeded to Halifax, where we arrived on July 17. On the 20th, the convoy of twenty-four ships having gathered, they steamed out into the Atlantic under the protection of a British cruiser.

Good weather favored the trip across, which was made by a devious route to avoid attack. Except for passing merchant ships, this trip was uneventful until the arrival of our escort of sub-chasers and destroyers, when three days out of Liverpool.

An attack lasting about thirty minutes was made by enemy submarines on the following afternoon, but no damage done to any of the convoy. It was claimed that one U-boat was sunk by depth charges.

On July 30 our convoy was divided into two fleets; one, accompanied by the cruiser and part of the destroyers, going to London, the other, including the Port Melbourne and the Saxonia, continuing to Liverpool, where, on July 31, we docked and disembarked.

That night, the majority of the officers entrained for Southampton, while the detachment, under command of Lieutenants Ray, Prince, Cannon, and Eaton, marched under full packs to Camp Knotty Ash, some seven miles from the docks, where the remainder of the night was spent under canvas.

The following morning saw the detachment entrained for Southampton, where it arrived at 5:00 p.m., and was quartered in the American Rest Camp on the Commons.

After five rainy days of rest, we embarked for France in the evening of August 6. The Channel was crossed on the S.S. Charles formerly known on the California coast as the Harvard and morning found us docked at Le Havre.

Spending less than twenty-four hours in port, we received three days travel rations and boarded a train of French boxcars. On the morning of August 10 we arrived at the site of the Mars Hospital Center (A.P.O. 780, A.E.F.) and began to function as a hospital unit in the A.E.F. At Mars we found Units 68, 48, and 14 already on the ground, the two former functioning, the latter, having come over on the same ship, arrived at Mars one day before us. As our quarters were uncompleted, we set up an outdoor kitchen, with marmites, and slept in large tents. A number of corpsmen went to work in the wards of the two hospitals, which were receiving patients; the rest of the detachment undertook the job of finishing our buildings, unloading equipment, building roads, etc. As there was no headquarters company, our progress was materially hindered by the necessity for furnishing men to handle camp medical and quartermaster supplies, and for camp guard details. Due, however, to the long experience and energy he brought to bare on the task, Lieutenant Savage soon had our hospital to receive patients. The first of these arrived on September 2, over five hundred being admitted on that date.

With exception of the four fractured wards, which had cement floors, our wards and barracks, which were of the sectional type, were entirely of wood. Good spring beds with mattresses were furnished in every ward, while the corpsmen's barracks were equipped with upright wooden frames, each supporting four straw mattresses. These bunks were known as double deckers.

All laundry from the wards was sent by truck to the American Laundry at Nevers, sixteen kilometers distant, where good work was done. Operating room linen was washed in the camp, after having been chemically treated.

A steam disinfector was extensively used, as all clothing of new patients was disinfected upon admission to the hospital. To this fact we owed our practical freedom from trench vermin. All blankets and laundry from infectious cases were rendered sterile by live steam.

The American Red Cross established a good-size hut in our hospital, furnishing refreshments and such amusements as music, motion pictures, books, and occasional vaudeville shows. They had a good influence upon the personnel of this unit, as well as upon the patients. In the dark muddy days, which followed the one-month of good weather, which we enjoyed at Mars, the Red Cross Hut was the brightest spot in the camp.

Separate bathhouses for patients and corpsmen were built, with hot and cold showers in each, and white porcelain tubs for the patients. Bathing was a real luxury, as well as a constant necessity.

A canteen was started by popular subscription and became a permanent asset of the detachment. The opportunity to buy simple toilet articles, cigarettes, cigars, playing cards, and candy was eagerly grasped by all. At time it was found difficult to replenish the stock, but retail business was always good.

The nurses were provided with a pleasant recreation hall, which included a piano among its furnishings; and both nurses and officers mess halls were comfortably furnished.

Our heaviest work was done during and immediately following the drives at St. Mihiel and Argonne Woods. As these times men who had been wounded four or five days before and had only first aid dressings were sometimes received.

The highest number of cases under treatment at any one time was 2800. This high mark was reached at a time when forty corpsmen and twenty nurses were in the hospital with influenza and pneumonia. However, the situation was handled in such a way that each individual was proud of the results obtained.

During the time we functioned in the A.E.F., three thousand four hundred and one medical, and three thousand one hundred and seventeen surgical, cases were treated in our hospital. The total mortality was seventy-seven, two of whom were nurses and two corpsmen.

The patients and property of Base Hospital No. 35 were turned over to Evacuation Hospital No. 30 on January 15, 1919. Before this time ten nurses had been transferred to the Army of Occupation; twenty-five returned to the United States, leaving sixty-five of the original number on duty with the Evacuation Hospital.

On February 14, 1919, the unit left Mars-sur-Allier for Clisson, in the St. Nazaire reservoir area. At this time its roster of officers was reduced to eleven:

Captain Eliot Alden, M.C., Commanding
Captain Pearl C. West, M.C.
Captain Emil F. Tholen, M.C.
Captain Thomas R. McHugh, M.C.
Captain Walter M. Holleran, M.C.
Captain Samuel J. Mattison, M.C.
1st Lt. Simon H. Jesberg, M.C.
1st Lt. Alexander A. Payette, D.C.
1st Lt. Harve E. Cannon, D.C.
1st Lt. Lawrence B. Savage, Q.M.C.
2nd Lt. Herbert A. Lillie, Sanitation Company

Lieutenant Savage was detached from the unit, for further service in the A.E.F., on March 23, and the remaining officers with the exception of Capt. Alden, Lt. Payette and Lt. Lillie, were on March 23 detached for transportation to the United States as casuals, via Brest.

COMMISIONED PERSONNEL: DATE OF COMMISSIONS

September 24, 1917 - Major Walter V. Brem

November 6, 1917:
CAPTAINS
Thomas R. Hughes and Gilbert R. Owens of San Bernardino
Eliot Alden
Frederick A. Collier
George G. Hunter
Emil F. Tholen
Edwin H. Wiley, Jr.

LIEUTENANTS
Philip J. Cunnane
Karl L. Dieterle
Wallace Dodge
Walter M. Holleran
Simon H. Jesberg
Arch M. Paulson
Russell W. Prince
Carl W. Rand
Frederick S. Ray
Roy F. Ruth
George F. Schenck
Bret A. Swartz

December 4, 1917 - Lieutenant Alexander A. Payette
December 8, 1917 - Lieutenant Harve E. Cannon
December 28, 1917 - Major J.J.A. Van Kaathoven
February 7, 1918 - Lieutenant Samuel J. Mattison, of Pasadena
March 2, 1918 - Captain Henry W. Mills, of San Bernadino

THE GATHERING (The personnel coming together)
October 20, 1917 - Major Walter V. Brem to Camp Kearny for duty.
March 9, 1918 - Special Orders from the War Department, ordering enlisted personnel to Camp Kearny, in charge of Lieutenant Frederick S. Ray, who had been ordered into active service Feb. 21, 1918, effective March 1, 1918.

PREVIOUSLY BEEN ORDERED TO ACTIVE SERVICE:
January 8, 1918 - Lieutenant Russell W. Prince, Camp Fremont
January 18, 1918 - Captain Gilbert R. Owen, School of Military Roentgenology, Cornell Medical College
February 5, 1918 - Lieutenant Carl W. Rand, to New York City, for course in Neurological Surgery
February 27, 1918 - Captain Emil F. Tholen, to Northwestern School of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Chicago
March 6, 1918 - Lieutenants George F. Schenck, Roy F. Ruth, and Walter M. Holleran, to Camp Bowie
March 13, 1918 - Wallace Dodge, to Fort Riley

ORDERED TO CAMP KEARNY (April 17, 1918)
Major J.J.A. Van Kaathoven
Captains: Alden, McHugh, and Wiley
Lieutenants: Dieterle, Jesberg, Paulson, and Swartz (all from civilian life)
Major Brem from Camp Cody
Lieutenant Hill, from Letterman General Hospital, San Francisco
Captain Coller, Camp Lewis
Lieutenant Prince, from Camp Fremont

April 24, 1918 - Lieutenant Payette, D.R.C.
May 1, 1918 - Cannon, D.R.C.
May 3, 1918 - Captain Mills, from civilian practice, Lieutenant Dodge, from Fort Riley
May 7, 1918 - Lieutenant Mattison, from civilian practice
June 21, 1918 - Lieutenant William T. Dunning, from Camp Cody

Lieutenant Lawrence B. Savage, Q.M.C., joined the unit early in May, from Camp Cody, and Captain Pearl C. West and Lieutenants Antony J. Greco and E.E. Treadway, transferred from Camp Kearny Base Hospital during that month.

Early in June, Lieutenant Colonel George F. Lull, M.C.N.A., arrived from Camp Beauregard and took command of the unit.

LOSSES
At Camp Kearny Major Brem and Lieutenant Swartz, classed for domestic service only, by Tuberculosis Board. Captain Coller transferred to a field hospital of the 91st Division. Lieutenant Treadway died from cerebro-spinal meningitis, contracted in the line of duty.

EN ROUTE OVERSEAS
The unit left Camp Kearny on July 4, 1918, and arrived at Camp Merritt on July 9.

ORIGINAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIT WHO HAD PROCEEDED TO CAMP MERRITT FROM STATIONS IN THE EAST
Captain Tholen, on duty with the Surgeon, Port of Embarkation, since May 25
Lieutenant Holleran, on duty with the Surgeon, Port of Embarkation, since May 27 - promoted to captain June 6.
Lieutenants Ruth and Schenck had also been on duty with Surgeon, Port of Embarkation.
Captain Owen, from School of Military Roentgenology, New York City
Lieutenant Rand, from Camp Upton
Lieutenant Herbert L. Eaton, San. C., had been commissioned, July 12, 1918, and joined the unit at the docks.

Officers who were added to the unit:
Captain Charles R. Sowder, from Camp Custer
Captain James M. Covington, from Camp Greene
Lieutenant Benj. E. Carmel, from Camp Hancock
Lieutenant Frank Chetta, from Camp Shelby
Lieutenant Warren P. Kortright, Military School of Roentgenology, New York City

OVERSEAS
August 23, 1918 - Captain Eugene F. Connally joined the unit

August 25, 1918 - Captain Hunter, who had been detained in the United States by sickness, rejoined

September 1, 1918 - First surgical teams left for front-line service. Personnel was as follows:

TEAM NO. 132
Captain McHugh, in charge
Lieutenant Mattison
Miss Mary B. McCall
Miss Hazel Sass
Private Douglas G. Fraser
Charles S. Lombard

TEAM NO. 133
Captain Alden, in charge
Captain Holleran
Miss Maude Devereauz
Miss Helen A. Parks
Sgt. Porter McColloch
Private Oscar A. Risberg

September 12, 1918 - Captain Covington and Lt. Carmel transferred from the unit. Lt. Rand left for detached service with Base Hospital No. 66. Lt. Hill, to Central Medical Laboratory, Dijon, for a course in wound bacteriology, returning on September 30.

September 19, 1918 - Captain Wiley and Lt. Dunning went to hospital for appendectomies, returning to duty Oct. 15.

September 28, 1918 - Lt. Ruth to Central Medical Dept. Laboratory, for course of instruction, - returned Oct. 5.

October 3, 1918 - Major Van Kaathoven and Lt. Ray represented the unit at monthly Red Cross conference, in Paris.

October 5, 1918 - Lt. Hill transferred to Central Laboratory, Hospital Center, Mar.

October 10, 1918 - Chaplain, First Lieutenant Clinton J. Greene, joined unit for duty.

October 18, 1918 - Captain West to Central Medical Dept. Laboratory, Dijon, for instruction in wound bacteriology, - returned November 6.

October 19, 1918 - Lt. Allen H. Galloway joined the unit.

October 22, 1918 - Captain L.J. Quillin, arrived for duty, from Alder Hay Military Surgical Hospital of the British Expeditionary Forces, Liverpool.

October 12, 1918 - Captain Sowder on sick leave - returned Nov. 13.

October 30, 1918 - Captains Owen and Sowder promoted to majors, and Lt. Ray and Mattison promoted to captains.

November 2, 1918 - Appointed 2nd Lieutenants, San. C.: Hosp. Sgt. Herbert A. Lillie, Acting Sgt. - Maj.; Sgt. 1 Class Delbert G. Slater, of Registrar's Office; and Sgt. Percy R. Kent, of Mass Officers force.

November 4, 1918 - Captain Harry G. Thomas joined unit, from British E.F., Italy.

While on duty at Mars, Hosp. Sgt. Parks, Sgt. 1st Class Bolstad, and Sgt. 1st Class Kaplan, were recommended for commissions and passed examinations for 2nd Lieutenants, Sanitary Corps, but the signing of the Armistice prevented them from being commissioned.

Medical staff members of Base Hospital 48 Convalescent Camp at Mars.
Captain Davies, Captain Randall, Lieutenant Colonel Dearborn, Captain Miller, Captain Stephenson, and Lieutenant Grovesnor.
(Images and material source: Bob Lull, G.F. Lull Family Collection)

NURSES CORPS PERSONNEL
Miss Aline Macfarlane, as Chief Nurse, was responsible for the selection and organization of the very efficient nursing force of the hospital, each member of which was a registered nurse. The roster at the time of commencing duty at Mars was as follows:

Ida Ambrose
Esther Amundsen
Elizabeth Atkinson
Lila Beem
Georgiana Bernard
Cecil Bixler
Mary Blackerby
Grace Blake
Ethel Bradway
Grace Breitenstein
Blanche Carpenter
Mary Cochran
Clara Corwin
Beatrice Corridon
Ethel Cutter
Eugenie David
Clarice De Pauw
Maude Devereaux
Mae Donovan
Lucy Dougan
Anna Jane Downey
Mary Defour
Rosalie Elbaugh
Harriet English
Avis Farley
Florence Foster
Sallie Gastel
Alice Gayer
Marion Gray
Mayme Hall
Ellen Harrison
Agnes Hayes
Margaret Hartsock
Edith Hartzell
Frances Hilts
Virginia Hull
Josephine Jacobson
Ellen Jamfrey
Alice Jones
May Joy
Mayme Karaus
Helen Keppel
Emily Kruizanga
Alyce Larrieu
Daisy Lemon
Elizabeth Lewis
Ruth Lewis
Lucena Lewis
Signa E. Lindquist
Jane R. McAfee
Elizabeth C. McDonald
Mrs. Elizabeth MacDonald
Laura M. McDowell
Rosalba Mattison
Edna R. Macfarlane
Mary B. McCall
Katherine B. Miller
Elsie Mills
Margaret Morrissey
Cora I. Moulton
Helen Murray
Margaret O'Neill
Lillion F. Ordway
Mrs. Almena Parker
Etta Parker
Helen A. Parks
Mrs. Elizabeth Peterson

* Died of pneumonia while on duty at Mrs, Oct. 20, 1918.
** Died of diphtheria while on duty at Mars, Oct. 20, 1918.

Mabel Porterfield
Bessie M. Randall
Gertrude Ramsdell
Grace F. Ream
Priscilla J. Reece
Olga M. Reinus
Ruth J. Riggs
Jean Rogerson
Anna Rhoda
Elsie F. Roper
Winifred C Roper
Hattie Samson
Hazel R. Sass
Hazel M. Scott
Martha C. Shadwick
Grace A. Shattuck
Georgia Smith
Harriet R. Smith
Verna M. Smith
Rebecca St. Clair
Mary Stevenson
Mrs. Electa V. Swetnam
Mary E. Taylor
Irene M. Van Zandt
Sylvia Vanasek
Mary Walters
Zoe Watson
Omeita Wichard
Grace Williams
Rusha Wiliams
Sarah A. Williamson

SKILLED CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES OF THE HOSPITAL

Dietitian: Miss Elia Tucker

Stenographers: Miss Elizabeth Gray, Miss Mary Kavanaugh, Miss Eleanor Rankin

Clerk: Miss Inez Clark

ENLISTED PERSONEL
Original strength: 150 men, enlisted in spring and summer of 1917 at Los Angeles, California.

March 9, 1918 - Special Orders No. 57, Hq. Western Dept., San Francisco, ordered personnel into active service, March 14, 1918: Personnel mobilized at Los Angeles, proceeding to Camp Kearny under command of Lieutenant Ray.

March 14 to 31 - Camp Kearny Recruit Camp. Roster at the time was as follows:

SERGEANTS 1ST CLASS
Joseph S. Eakin
Andrew J. Hopkins
Herbert A. Lillie
William B. Parks
James C. Savery
Leon Yakeley

SERGEANTS
Franklin E. Bernsen
John F. Casmon
Lafayette F. Courtright
William H. Dugan
James H. Glass
William T. Godbold
Lester M. Gray
Harold M. Hartley
Walter M. Haskell
Louis Kaplan
Porter McColloch
Alexander M. Peddie
Samuel K. Rindge
William E. Thomason
Elbridge R. Thrapp
Ford W. Wilkinson

PRIVATES
Ray W. Anderson
Roy L. Anderson
William C. Annin
Alexander B. Aucott
Ben B. Baker
Frederick W. Barger
Sanford D. Barnes
Lloyd C. Bauer
Oscar A. Risberg
Robert O. Bjork
Willis C. Black
George L. Bolstad
Roy G. Bose
Laurel R. Boyer
Harry A. Buffum
Albert D. Burket
Floyd W. Calkins
Caven A. Carmichael
Ferdinand A. Carufel
Ralph E. Caryl
Loren R. Chandler
Leo F. Clark
Harry S. Clayton
Owen E. Coffman
John C. Collison
Clarence C. Cooper
Delbert L. Cosbey
Ernest L. Cox
Gregory M. Creutz
Harold E. Crowe
Roy T. Culey
Clarence L. Davidson
Clarence A. Diebold
Clyde W. Downey
Ola A. Ensminger
Harold E. Fisher
Samuel M. Foster
Douglas G. Fraser
Roscoe L. Frasher
John V. Frederick
Walter M. Freer
Walter L. French
Leon T. Gadbois
Louis E. Gaffney
John H. Gardiner
Malcolm L. Gilmore
Dale M. Gingras
Jack Goodfellow
Vincent M. Goodwin
Lyle C. Graham
Glen D. Green
Howard D. Green
Wm. F.E. Hainsworth
Henry F. Hamblen
Ed J. Harper
Otto H. Harter
Clifford W. Henderson
Arthur W. Hooker
William H. Hopkins
Charles D. Hunt
Paul A. Hunt
Sigurd Jensen
Frederick C.H. Jones
Henri E. Joubert
George W. Kemp
Arthur H. Kent
Johnie J. Kent
Percy R. Kent
Robert H. Kline
John L. Kline
George L. Krueger
Louis F. Labarere
Frank A. Langdon
Richard G. Lindsley
Charles S. Lombard
Norman M. Lombard
Elmo Loynd
Alexander W.R. Mackay
Samuel M. Matthews
Henry M. Mayhew
Clyde S. McCausland
Dwight S. McFadyen
Leon G. McMannis
Lester R. McNeely
Lionel J. Meeker
Clarence H. Milling
Walter G. Monroe
Joseph G. Murphy
Hugh R. Neil
James L. Nelson
Listen M. Oak
Frank P. Oldani
Newell L. Parker
William I. Phillips
Robert L. Phipps
Victor Pinches
Lorne E. Pogue
Alvin E. Rawson
Willoughby P. Rodman
John S. Sanders, Jr.
Ferdinand Scholander, Jr.
Clifford C. Scott
Walter A. Scott
Hans J. Serritzlew
George B. Skinner
Delbert G. Slater
William A. Spera, Jr.
Harry I. Stanger
Samuel Steelman
Harold W. Stilson
Floyd E. Summers
Ernest J. Supple
Frederic E. Supple
Lawrence E. Sutherland
Cecil D. Thomas
Ross R. Waffle
Cecil K. Ward
Gilber R. Warren
Alvin W. Wendt
Harvey F. Wendt
Homer D. Whipp
Paul Wikoff
Harry R. Yakeley

The following members of the personnel failed to report at Camp Kearny:
Private Hahn
Private Hook
Private Jacobus
Private Kennedy
Private Mosher
Private Worden

While in training at Kearny the following gains were made by enlistment:
April 13 - Frank B. Darr
April 19 - Earl U. Homuth
April 19 - John M. Zuck
May 7 - Wm. D. Hamilton (note: it was a little hard to read the first initials on the roster)
May 13 - Mose P. Nelson
May 15 - Sheldon B. Mantle
May 16 - Charles W. McQuarrie
May 21 - Jose La Vera
May 27 - Charles Binder
June 4 - Harold J. La Barre
June 4 - Arthur W. Aach
June 11 - Foster W. Daniels
June 18 - Charles W. Duclos

March 14 to 31 - Camp Kearny Recruit Camp Cont'd: Sgt. Rindge became First Sergeant. Sgt. Casmon transferred to the Enlisted Reserve Corps, Quartermaster's Dept., Inactive List. Sgt. Thrapp admitted to Officers Training School, Camp Lewis. On March 26 the following promotions were made: - to be cooks: Hainworth, John Kline, and Serritzlew. On March 28 Pvt. Mayhew reported for duty.

March 31 - Unit moved to Camp Kearny Base Hospital. Promoted to be privates first class: Annin, Burket, Chandler, Crowe, Howard D. Green, Joubert, Kemp, Arthur Kent, Percy Kent, Meeker, Slater, Stranger.

May 31 - Arrived from Fort Riley fifty-six men from National Army Medical Dept. Casuals of that station to fill the unit to overseas strength:

PRIVATES
Clair M. Ball
Knute E. Carlsteadt
Roy L. Castle
Carl H. Coen
Howard M. Griffin
Alva P. Griffith
Theodore Hansen
George Hard
Kenneth R. Hill
Glen O. Horsman
Frank C. Housh
Elmer W. Johnson
Joseph C. Johnson
Selmer O. Johnson
Walter C. Johnson
Theodore J. Jonas
John Jordahl
Lester W. Knepper
Herman G. Kutz
Lester B. Lazenby
Herbert F. Lips
Joseph J. Maas
Frank J. Mattas
Grant R. McCauley
Henry Merk
Seth Z. Monroe
James C. Moore
Lawrence Mount
William J. Murphy
Guy E. Nettleton
William J. Nutt
Arthur W. Oman
Clem H. Orris
William H. Ostert
Peter Peterson
Joseph Pushcar
Henry S. Reitan
Myrl Roberts
Harold F. Schaleen
Norman L. Schebler
Arthur E. Sharp
Isidore Silverman
John C. Sloter
Edgar N. Smallwood
Alfred R. Snyder
Axel Sorensen
Edward W. Stellick
Andrew Stokke
Fred W. Swan
Wesley E. Thompson
Matthew Tollefson
George L. Turner
Ernest E. Turnipseed
Lou Van Lent
Glenn L. Wagner
Martin D. Whelan

June 1 - Promoted to be privates first class: Baker, Bjork, Bolstad, Boyer, Buffum, Calkins, Clark, Collison, Cox, Fraser, Freer, Harper, Harter, Hooker, Johnie Kent, Langdon, Lindsley, Mattews, McFadyan, Neil, James Nelson, Pinches, Risberg, Scholander, Skinner, and Frederic.

Losses at Camp Kearny - April 9, Sgt. Haskell and Pvt. Walter A. Scott, honorable discharged on account of physical disability; May 1, Jack Goodfellow, transferred to Aviation Section, Signal Corps; May 2, Robert L. Phipps, honorable discharged on account of dependent family; June 28, Pvts. Griffith, Hard, Hill, Lips, Mark, William J. Murphy, Sharp, Snyder, Thompson, Tollefsen, Van Lent, and Witkoff, transferred to Development Battalion, Camp Kearny, on account of failure to pass physical test for overseas troops; July 3, Pvts. Smallwood, Selmer O. Johnson, Robert H. Kline, and Stilson, transferred to Base Hospital, Camp Kearny, as sick; Pvts. Collison and Arthur H. Kent, transferred to Base Hospital, Camp Kearny, in exchange for Pvts. Ralph F. Winwood and Walter G. Wenger, from that unit. First Sgt. Samuel K. Rindge was transferred to the 131st Ordinance Depot Co., just prior to the departure of the detachment from Camp Kearny. Sgt. 1st Class James C. Savery was named to succeed him as First Sergeant.

July 4 - Unit entrained for port of embarkation.

July 9 - Arrived at Camp Merritt.

July 15 - Embarkation at Hoboken.

July 17 - Arrived at Halifax, N.S.

July 19 - Pvt. Frank Oldani transferred to U.S. Army Canadian Hospital.

July 20 - Convoy left Halifax.

July 31 - Convoy arrived in Liverpool and unit disembarked.

August 1 - Left rest camp at Knotty Ash by train for Southampton, arriving 5:00 p.m.

August 1 to 6 - Rest Camp on Southampton Common.

August 6 - Embarked in the evening to cross the Channel.

August 7 - Reached Le Havre before dawn.

August 8 - Entrained in Hommes-40; Chevaux-8. (40 men or 8 horses) boxcars.

August 10 - Arrived at permanent station, Mars-sur-Allier, Nievre.

August 29 Promotions:
Sgt. First Class - Courtright
Sergeants. - Bolstad, Kemp, Percy R. Kent, Slater, Frederic Supple.
Corporals - Annin, Carlstead, Chandler, Crowe, and Howard D. Green.
Privates First Class - Ray W. Anderson, Roy L. Anderson, Aucott, Barger, Barnes, Bose, Clayton, Coffman, Cooper, Culey, Darr, Diebold, Ensminger, Fraser, Foster, French, Frederick, Gadbois, Faffney, Gilmore, Gingras, Goodwin, Graham, Hamblen, Hopkins, Homuth, Jensen, Jones, Krueger, Labarere, Charles S. Lombard, Norman M. Lombard, Loynd, Mackay, Mantle, McCausland, McMannis, McNeely, Milling, Murphy, Nutt, Pogue, Rawson, Sanders, Summers, Thomas, Waffle, Ward, Alvin W. Wendt, Harvey F. Wendt, and Zuck.

August 10 to 31 - Personnel, with exception of forty men detailed to wards of Unit 48 and 68, prepared our hospital for occupancy.

SEPTEMBER 1 - BASE HOSPITAL NO. 35 OPENED WITH 506 PATIENTS

September 3 - Promoted to be cooks: Ray W. Anderson, Calkins, Freer, Johnie, Kent, Harper, Neil, Nelson (James), and Skinner.

September 22 - Parker transferred to Headquarters, Hospital Center.

September 25 - Henderson transferred to Aviation Section, Signal Corps.

September 27 - Pvt. LaBarre promoted to cook.

October 5 - Promoted to be hospital sergeants: First Sgt. Parks and Sgt. Major Lillie.

October 6 - Transferred to Headquarters, Hospital Center, Sgt. 1st Class Savery; Pvt. Cassius D. Myers transferred from Hospital Center, in exchange.

October 12 - Summers transferred to Headquarters Detachment.

October 14 - DIED, Pvt. 1st Class Harvey F. Wendt, from pneumonia.

October 15 - Added from Headquarters Detachment: Pvt. Lloyd D. McQuaig, Constant J. McCauley, Otis L. Michell, John J. Murray, and Arthur R. Musser.

October 16 - Added from Headquarters Detachment: Pvts. Edward S. Dowler, Linford Derr, Robert Dickensheets, Walter J. Doyle, James E. Dolin, Willie J. Duvall, Charles C. Ervine, Thomas E. Elmore, Francis T. Ferrell, Ruric N. Edelen, and George S. Fink.

October 17 - DIED, Pvt. Homer D. Whipp, from pneumonia.

October 20 - Promotions: Sgts. 1st Class: Glass, Harley, Peddie, Slater, and Chandler; Sgts: Crowe, Burket, Krueger, and Lindley, Cpls: Coffman, Cox, Reitan, and Waffle; Pvts 1st Class: Ball, Binder, Caryl, Coen, Coxby, Daniels, Doherty, Duclos, Fisher, Goodman, Green, Griffin, Hamilton, Paul A. Hunt, Charles D. Hunt, Joseph C. Johnson, Maas, Mattas, Grant R. McCauley, McQuarrie, Monroe (Walter G.) Oak, Rodman, Silverman, Steelman, Supple, Sutherland, Warren, Weddle, Wenger, Yakeley (H.R.), and Yakeley (Leon).

Transferred to Headquarters Detachment; Pvts. Bose, McMannia, Gardiner, and Carufel.

Transferred from Headquarters Detachment: Pvt. Dean E. Anfensen, Perry M. Barnes, Eugene Tempia, John B. Wolf, and Frank J. Brown.

October 30 - Sgt. Roscoe L. Frasher transferred to Artillery Branch, Army Candidates School. Pvts. La Vera and Mayhew transferred to Base Hospital No. 8, Savenay, for evacuation to the United States.

November 2 - Hospital Sgt. Lillie, Sgt. 1st Class Slater, and Sgt. Kent received commissions as second lieutenants, in the Sanitary Corps.

November 4 - Sgt. Supple left for instructions at Medical Supply Depot, Cosnes, for commission.

November 18 - Pvt. Warren transferred to Headquarters Detachment.

November 20 - Promotions: Sgt. 1st Class: Louis Kaplan; Cpls.; Darr, Goodwin, Nettleton, and Sloter; Pvts. 1st Class: Anfensen, P.M. Barnes, Davidson, Downey, Duvall, Horsman, Housh, W.C. Johnson, Jonas, Jordahl, Knepper, Kutz, Moore, Mount, M.P. Nelson, Oman, Orris, Ostert, Peter Peterson, Philipps, Pushcar, Schaleen, Schebler, Sorensen, Spera, Stellick, Swann, and Whelan.

December 5 - Promoted to be cooks: Roy L. Anderson and Clayton.

December 15 - Pvts. Gray and Skinner transferred to Headquarters.

January 6, 1919: Promoted to be cook: Ed J. Harper.

January 15 - Promoted to be cook: Hans J. Serritzlew.

Before the signing of the Armistice the following men were recommended for commissions and passed the required examinations in the Sanitary Corps, but the cessation of hostilities prevented them from being commissioned: Hosp. Sgt. Parks, Sgt. 1st Class Kaplan, and Sgt. Bolstad.

*Pvt. 1st Class Harvey Wendt and Pvt. Homer D. Whipp were the only corpsmen who died during our service in the A.E.F. They died of pneumonia contracted while on duty.

February 14 - Entrained for St. Nazaire Embarkation Area.

February 15 - Promotions: Sgts. 1st Class: Bolstad, Krueger, Lindsley, McColloch, Coffman, and Darr; Sgts.; Reitan, Nettleton, Sloter, Waffle, Baker, Buffum, Jones, Labarere, Norman Lombard, Loynd, Mackay, Scott, Weddle, and Zuck; Cpls.: Barger, Cosby, Diebold, Gaffney, Jensen, McFadyen, McQuarre, Meeker, and Scholander; Pvts. 1st Class: Anderson (R.W.), Anderson (R.L.), Clayton, Kline, Neil, La Barre, and Langdon.

February 16 - Unit arrived at Clisson, Loire-Inferieure (near Nantes).

February 17 - Sgt. 1st Class Darr designed Acting Sgt. Major.

February 20 - Pvt. 1st Class Harter promoted to grade of sgt.

(Images and material source: Bob Lull, G.F. Lull Family Collection)

ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY OF THE HOSPITAL IN THE A.E.F.
Arrived at Mars-sur-Allier on Saturday, August 10, 1918, Lieutenant Colonel Lull in command, Lt. Ray, Adjutant, Lt. Prince, commanding detachment, Lt. Savage, Quartermaster and Medical Supply Officer. Sgt. 1st Class Lillie was Acting Sgt. Maj., Sgt. 1st Class Parks was first sergeant of the detachment, Sgt. 1st Class Leon Yakeley, non-commissioned officer in charge of Registrar's Office and Sgt. Bolstad in the office of the Quartermaster. The hospital area of Base Hospital No. 35 was not completed on arrival of the unit, and the detachment assisted in preparing the grounds and buildings for the reception of the patients. The hospital started functioning on September 1, with 506 patients, Lt. Greco having been appointed Registrar, Captain Owen, Receiving Officer, Lt. Eaton, Mess Officer.

Base Hospital No. 35 was assigned another area to be used in connection with the hospital as an annex. This area was opened on October 13, with Lt. Prince in-charge, and Lt. Chetta as Medical Officer.

On November 2, Sgt. Kent, Hosp. Sgt. Lillie, and Sgt. 1st Class Slater, received commissions as second lieutenants in the Sanitary Corps, and on Nov. 8 these officers were assigned to duty with this hospital. Lt. Kent as Mess Officer, relieving Lt. Eaton, Lt. Slater as Assistant Registrar and Receiving and Evacuating Officer, and Lt. Lillie as Adjutant, relieving Captain Ray. Lt. Eaton was then designated Registrar, Vice Leitu. Greco, assigned to duty as Assistant Chief of Laboratory, and Capt. Ray was assigned as Assistant to the Commanding Officer, Summary Court Officer, and Assistant Chief of Surgical Service.

Captain Connally relieved Lt. Prince as Detachment Commander on January 11, on which date, Capt. Alden was designated Summary Court Officer, vice Capt. Ray relieved. Likewise, on the same day, Major Sowder was relieved as Chief of Medical Service, and Captain Hunter assigned to that duty.

On January 14 Lieutenant Colonel Lull left the Center, to report to the Chief Surgeon's Office, Tours, leaving Major Van Kaathoven in command of the organization. Lt. Slater was on this date designated Mess Officer, vice Lt. Kent, relieved.

RELIEVED OF DUTY
On January 15, Base Hospital No. 35, relieved from duty as a hospital, was taken over by Evacuation Hospital No. 30.

January 17 - Captain Alden appointed Detachment Commander, vice Capt. Conally, relieved.

January 23 - Lt. Cannon was appointed Mess Officer, succeeding Lt. Slater.

February 14 - Captain Alden assigned as Commanding Officer, per order of Colonel Skinner, Commanding Hospital Center. On this date Lt. Payette was appointed Detachment Commander, vice Capt. Alden, Lt. Jesberg designated Summary Court Officer, relieving Capt. Alden, on February 16.

February 17 - Captain Holleran was appointed Sanitary Officer of the organization, Sgt. 1st Class Glass, transferred to Chief Surgeon's Office, Tours.

On March 23 all the officers, except Captain Alden, Lt. Payette and Lt. Lillie, left for Brest, to be transported to the United States as casuals. Captain Alden remained in command, Lt. Payette continuing as Detachment Commander and assuming the duties of mess officer, succeeding Lt. Cannon, and Lt. Lillie acting as Adjutant and Summary Court Officer.

SURGICAL SERVICES
Chief, Major J. J. A. Van Kaathoven

The surgical service rendered by Base Hospital No. 35 consisted of 500 operations performed in the main operating room at Mars, and the work done by our operating teams, which functioned as mobile units near the front. Numerous minor operations were done in the wards by the surgeons in-charge.

The operating pavilion at Mars was equipped with six modern operating tables, two being the improved Scanlon-Morris table, the other four of the Kny-Scherer field type. Good sterilizers, abundance of instruments, basins, linen, and other equipment made possible proper care of all cases. A great convenience was the proximity of the X-ray room, which adjoined the main operating room. The fluoroscope was indispensable in locating foreign bodies.

Nearly all of the work at Mars was done by Major Van Kaathoven, Captains Wiley, Mills, and Quillin, and Lieutenants Dodge, Dieterle, and Paulson.

No work remarkable interest was accomplished by this department, except that the transfusion of whole blood by the syringe method was developed to a degree of perfection by the younger surgeons, and was frequently used to the great advantage of large numbers of medical and surgical patients. In chest surgery, also, some original work was done. Inspired by the writing of Moynihan, Captain Mills, in several cases of long-standing pyo-thorax, guided by Major Owen with the fluoroscopic screen, removed foreign bodies through large openings in the chest. This work was taken up and further developed by Majors Van Kaathoven and Owen. In addition to freely draining cases of pyothorax, encysted empyemata, intralobular abscesses, multiple abscesses, intra-lobar abscesses, and the removal of foreign bodies, an attempt was made to restore the mobility of lungs whose excursion had become limited or nil by the cutting and tearing of adhesions and the removal of limiting pyogenic membrane. The outcome or value of this latter work was not known at the time of the departure of the unit from Mars-sur-Allier. A team composed of Majors Van Kaathoven and Owen, Capt. Ray, Sgt. 1st Class Chandler, Miss Cutter, A. N. C., and Miss St. Clair, A. N. C., was organized to continue this work. Nothing is known by the writer of its activities, as it was detached from the unit.

First dressings on all factures cases were done in the operating room under supervision of the surgical chief, immediately on arrival of each train. This practice was found to be very desirable, as traveling had sometimes brought about dangerous complications.

The enlisted personnel on duty in the operating room, under direction of Sgt. Chandler, included Pvt. Baker, Jones, Barger, Sutherland, Hopkins, Gadbois, Binder, Milling, and Paul Hunt. Under Miss Jane R. McAfee, chief surgical nurse, the following nurses were on duty in the surgery: - Miss Ethel Cutter, Miss Rebecca St. Clair, Miss Harriet English, Miss Edna Macfarlane, Mitt Hattie Samson and Miss Helen Murray.

Two surgical teams were formed by Base Hospital No. 35 for service at the front, and were known as Operating Teams No. 132 and 133. A report of their activities follows, also a brief account of the work of Lieutenant Rand.

OPERATING TEAM NO. 132
The personnel of Team No. 132 was as follows: Capt. McHugh, Capt. Mattison, Miss Mary B. McCall, A.N.C., Miss Hazel R. Sass, A.N.C., Pvts. Charles S. Lombard and Douglas G. Frazer. The team left with Team No. 133 on August 31, and reported with them to Base Hospital No. 115, Chaumont, where they were outfitted with tools, gas masks, and helmets. They were then sent to Evacuation Hospital No. 1 for temporary duty. In this hospital the team was on the regular operating staff, and received its share of the hospital's work as a part of the First and Second Armies. The team visited along the whole American fighting front, from Chateau Thierry and Verdun to Luneville.

OPERATING TEAM NO. 133
This team was composed of Capt. Alden, Capt. Holleran, Miss Maude Devereaux A.N.C., Miss Helen Parks, A.N.C., Sgt. Porter McColloch, and Pvt. 1st Class Oscar Risberg. Leaving Mars on August 31, it proceeded to Chaumont, where after obtaining equipment for service at the front, it was ordered to report at Mobile Hospital No. 3, near Toul, for temporary duty. While enroute, at the railroad station at Neufchateau, German aviators raided that place, dropping several bombs. No material damage was done. On September 4, the team arrived at Mobile Hospital No. 3, which was set-up on the grounds of Evacuation Hospital No. 1, Sebastopol, about six kilometers from Toul, and serving as a reservoir for the overflow from that hospital during rush periods. During normal times, operating teams of Mobile Hospital No. 3 served tours of duty in the operating rooms and wards of Evacuation Hospital No. 1. Team No. 133 was on duty there during the St. Mihiel drive of September 12 to 15.

On Sept. 20, Mobile Hospital No. 3 moved to Rosiere-en-Hayes, about ten kilometers nearer the line, in the direction of Pont-a-Mousson. Here it occupied wooden buildings of the sectional type, originally built by the French for a hospital, and later used by a United States field hospital. At this place, only the seriously wounded were received, the slightly wounded going to Evacuation Hospital No. 1, or to Toul.

On the night of Oct. 9, the hospital caught fire, and the buildings connected by corridors, comprising all the wards and the operating pavilion, were burned to the ground. The patients were all safely evacuated, but all operating and X-ray equipment was lost. The hospital immediately pitched its ward and operating tents, and in a few days was again able to receive patients.

On Oct. 12 th team was ordered to Mobile Hospital No. 7, via Chalons. The hospital had just changed its location from near Suippes to Somme-Py, and was not yet set up when the team arrived. The site was a battlefield, evacuated by the Germans ten day before; the surrounding country was completely devastated and filled with wreckage of battle, with many of the French and German dead yet unburied. The hospital was behind the lines of the Fourth French Army, with which were serving two American Divisions. The American wounded were cared for by Mobile Hospital No. 7 and the French wounded by a French hospital in the neighborhood.

On Oct. 31 the team was ordered to proceed to Mobile Hospital No. 39, near Toul. Arriving in Toul, the team was quartered at Base Hospital No. 82, until Mobile Hospital No. 39, which had recently moved, was set up and ready to receive patients. A few days later the team reached the hospital, which was situated in the woods near Heudicourt, in the territory taken from the Germans during the St. Mihiel drive. The team was at this station when the Armistice was signed and remained until Nov. 20, when orders to return to Base Hospital No. 35 at Mars were received.

During its entire tour of detached service, the team operated together with the exception of a few days when Miss Devereaux was sick with influenza. As the mobile hospitals were under canvas, and followed the advance of lines, only seriously wounded were received. Others were sent to permanent hospitals to the rear. The team's heaviest work was done during the St. Mihiel drive.

On September 12, Lt. Rand was ordered to the front, where he was placed in charge of an operating team, and served with the First Army until the signing of the Armistice. His entire attention was given to the treatment of head injuries. In the capacity of brain specialist he followed close on the heels of the rapidly advancing American Army in the Argonne. He was privileged to do a large amount of fine work in neurological surgery, and was rewarded by the receipt of several fine letters from his chief.

FACIO-MAXILLARY SURGERY
The work of this department was under the supervision of Captain Tholen, assisted by Lieutenants Payette and Cannon. A total of fifty cases were treated, the majority being the result of machine-gun bullets. The injuries were of all degrees, many being multiple. The patients arrived at the hospital from two to fourteen days after injury, and were usually quite sick.

At first they were given general tonic treatment, then as soon as their condition permitted, the mouth was cleansed, the wounds dressed, the fractures reduced, occlusion reestablished, and good drainage applied. Owing to limited laboratory supplies, we used Gilmer arches and splints, Heath and Kingsley vulcanite splints, and Angles bands and arches.

The cases did very well, and most of them made complete recoveries while in our hospital. The rest were referred, for further treatment, to hospitals in the United States.

In September 1918, Captain Tholen was appointed Consultant in Facio-maxillary Surgery for the Hospital Center, Mars-sur-Allier.

MEDICAL SERVICE
Chief: Major Charles R. Sowder

When the unit was mobilized at Camp Kearny, Major Walter V. Brem was Chief of the Medical Service, but owing to physical disability he was not permitted to go overseas. Major Charles R. Sowder succeeded Major Brem, joining the organization at Camp Merritt.

At Mars Center Major Sowder was assisted in the medical work by Captains Hunter, Connally, and Tholen, and Lieutenants Ruth, Kortright, Dunning, and Galloway. A total of 3401 medical cases were treated. The majority of these were respiratory tract infections and gastro-enteritis. Of the former, influenza predominated, there being 709 cases. Pneumonias totaled 144. The majority of the gastro-intestinal cases were not severe, and were relieved by a few weeks treatment of diet and rest.

All diphtheria cases of the Center were treated in our hospital. They totaled 46. We also handled all cases of typhoid, and paratyphoid fever for the Center, of which there were very few.

In January 1919, Major Sowder was detached from the unit and assigned to Headquarters as Medical Consultant for the Center, Captain Hunter succeeding him as Chief of our Medical Service.

X-RAY LABORATORY
Chief: Major Gilbert R. Owen, M.C.

The personnel of the X-ray laboratory included: Major Owen, Lt. Kortright, and assistants, Cpl. Annin and Pvts. 1st Class Joubert and Culey. The Laboratory did not open for duty until nearly a month after the hospital began its work, as the apparatus was in very poor condition when it arrived, the transformer did not arrive until three weeks after the rest of the apparatus and the power was very variable and weak. This, however, was but one of the many difficulties successfully overcome by the ingenuity of Major Owen, and his assistants.

The X-ray work consisted of 550 radiographic cases, and about an equal of fluoroscopic cases. A large number of fractures were radiographed, and many of the worst cases were set under the fluoroscope. The number of foreign-body localizations was about equal to that of fractures. Except for eye localization, the method employed was a modification of the Strol method. In addition to localizing the foreign bodies, a great many were removed by the surgeon under the direct supervision of the roentgenologist. About thirty gastro-intestinal examinations were given, and several patients were given X-ray treatments with good results.

About one hundred fifty lung examinations were given, some of patients returning several times to permit observation of their condition. As the power was insufficient, it was impossible to take stereoroentgenographs of some the patients; therefore, all who came in for chest radiographs were given a thorough fluoroscopic examination.

As this laboratory was the best equipped in the Center, the most difficult cases from the other hospitals were sent here for X-ray examination.

EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT DEPARTMENT
Chief: Lieutenant Simon H. Jesberg, M.C. (Medical Department)

This department conducted a clinic where all ambulatory patients from the unit and Convalescent Camp received treatment and consultation for eye, ear, nose, and throat conditions. The clinic also housed the optical department of the entire Center, which was in charge of Sgt. John Paul. In addition, it also conducted Ward 14, which was reserved for cases requiring hospitalization for diseases coming under the jurisdiction of this specialty. The first patients, 44 in number, were received in Ward 14 on Sept. 2, 1918. Most of these cases were for refraction and reclassification. The clinic had a large attendance, as high as 80 a day, and its equipment was adequate for good work. Histories and records of all patients were kept, and the treatment of patients was identical with that of private practice in these specialties. Most of the refraction was done, under the direction of the chief of the service, by Pvt. 1st Class Charles W. McQuarrie, who in private life is an optometrist. Pvt. 1st Class Alexander B. Aucott officiated as orderly and nurse.

Most patients presented acute infections of the upper respiratory tract. Numbers reported with field diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis, some with recurring attacks of acute tonsillitis. A goodly number of cases of chronic middle-ear suppuration, mostly of many years standing, were encountered. This reclassified to Class D. Some cases claimed deafness due to concussion. Acute middle-ear infections were treated by free Myringotomy whenever there was distension of the tympanic membrane, and the insertion of a small, sterile wick. As a result of this treatment of 110 cases requiring middle-ear drainage, two cases only of mastoiditis developed. Irrigations of middle-ear infections were not practiced. A culture of all middle-ears was taken at the time of the Myringotomy, and sent to the laboratory for bacterio-logical diagnosis. Cases of tubo-tympanic catarrh were frequently encountered, often with fluid in the middle ear. These were treated with Myringotomy, and the removal of tonsils and adenoids when indicated. Tonsillectomy was done by anesthetic (cocaine) except when adenoids were also to be removed, in which cases a general anesthetic (ether) was employed. Not a few cases were sent from the front for the correction of nasal obstruction due to deviation of the nasal septum. The policy of this department was to reclassify these cases wherever their defect disabled them, fro Class A to Class C, inasmuch as plastic nasal surgery was found by early experience to be inconsistent with good results during the prevalence of respiratory tract infections and influenza.

Many cases of sinusitis presented themselves, most of them acute, being secondary to colds or influenza. Some dated the origin of their disease from an attack of rhinitis, following muster-gas inhalation. Most acute cases of sinusitis responded to treatment of the nasal mucous membrane, some required minor intra-nasal surgery, such as removal of part of the middle turbinals. Empyema of the antrum of Highmore was treated by repeated irrigations, using physiological saline solution. Cases not clearing up under this treatment were evacuated as Class D, in order that further surgical treatment could be had under more favorable conditions. One case of acute-sinusitis, complicated by retro-bulbar optic neuritis, with failing vision, had complete recovery and restoration of vision to normal after ethmoid and frontal sinus operation. The X-ray was freely used for diagnosis in sinus disease and mastoiditis, and found to be of great value. Seven cases of gunshot wound of the head involving the sinuses were encountered, three of which also involved one eye. All were evacuated as Class D, in good condition, for plastic repair. One gunshot wound in the mastoid region, involving the middle ear, required a radical mastoidectomy, with ligation of the common carotid and obliteration of the lateral sinus. The patient made a good recovery.

The majority of the eye department cases were for refraction, dynamic and static methods being used as indicated. In the case of a mydriatic being used, atropine or homatropin was employed. Prescriptions for glasses were filled by the optical department. Two cases of bilateral blindness were met with; one, entering the hospital with bilateral panophthalmitis five days after being wounded, required evisceration of one eye; the other became quiet, but resulted in pthisis-bulbi.

Five intra-ocular fat implants were done after evisceration, and one fat implant in an orbit after extrusion of the glass ball of Mules operation. The last, as well as three of the implants after evisceration, took with good resulting stumps for prosthesis. Two cases of acute, and two cases of chronic, trachoma, were diagnosed. One case of epiphora, as the result of extirpation of the lacrimal sacs for chronic dacryocystitis some four years before, was greatly benefited by extirpation of the accessory lacrimal glands. One case, previously diagnosed as cellutitis of the lid, proved to be luetic tarsitis, and cleared up on anti-syphilitic treatment. One case of retinitis punctata-albicans, and one case of hysterical amblyopia were diagnosed.

The policy of this department was to enable the soldier to return to duty whenever possible. Surgery not immediately necessary was done on those who would probably be so benefited as to be able to return to duty. Cases with defects or conditions disabling them from full duty, and where it was improbable that the condition could be fully corrected, were reclassified to C or D, according to their disability.

GENERAL LABORATORY
Chief: Captain Pearl C. West, M.C.

The personnel of the laboratory at the time of mobilization consisted of: Lt. Hill, Sgt. Savery, and Pvts. Crowe and Warren. They reported at Camp Kearny to Chief of Base Hospital Laboratory Service, Capt. West for duty. Lt. Hill and Pvt. Crowe, with their chief, isolated a few strains of glanders at the Remount Station for government purposes, a task of considerable risk. Sgt. Savery and Pvt. Warren assisted in the laboratory.

On May 27 Capt. West, Lt. Greco, and Lt. Treadway were transferred to our unit from Camp Kearny Base Laboratory Service. Lt. Treadway died at Camp Kearny of cerebra-spinal meningitis, contracted while doing research work.

On the arrival of the unit at Mars-sur-Allier, France, Capt. West became chief of the laboratory staff, with Pvts. Crowe, Warren and Elmer Johnson as assistants.

The work done by this laboratory was chiefly routine, although it was the first to recover typhoid and paratyphoid germs at the Center. Base Hospital No. 35's morgue was used for the entire Center, and her many autopsies were performed by the Chief.

Lt. Hill, who, upon arrival of the unit in France, had been transferred to the Central Laboratory, Mars, became a D patient and returned to the United States early in 1919. After being relieved from duty as Registrar, in November, Lt. Greco served as Assistant Chief of Laboratory Service, and was later assigned to the 80th Division.

On January 15 at the departure of the unit, Sgt. Crowe transferred to Central Laboratory, where he became a second lieutenant in the Sanitary Corps.

Capt. West and Sgt. Crowe were sent to Dijon for special laboratory courses in wound bacteriology in December.

Sgt. Savery, transferred to Headquarters, Mars, became editor of The Martian, the Center newspaper.

Pvt. Warren transferred to Headquarters, also, becoming a corporal in the Agricultural Division, and later attending school in England.

THE DISPENSARY
On September 2, the dispensary moved into its permanent quarters in the clinic building, having previously been located in the operating pavilion. Sgt. 1st Class Hartley and Sgt. Loynd were in charge, assisted by Pvt. Roberts. Both sergeants were graduates of the College of Pharmacy of the University of Southern California, and had training in prescription pharmacies in civilian life. That they succeeded in making this one of the most efficient departments of the hospital was attested by the favorable comments of all inspecting officers.

For general ward use, stock mixtures and solutions were made. In each case a formula, comprising the suitable ingredients obtainable from the Army issue, was carefully worked out, and the preparation was thoroughly tested as to stability and therapeutic value before being dispensed.

With the policy of giving the medical officers the fullest cooperation, they manufactured every preparation recognized by the U.S. Pharmacopia and National Formulary that could be made from the drugs furnished. For example, although extract of belladonna is only form of that drug issued in the A.E.F., our dispensary supplied standard tincture, fluid-extract, liniment, and ointment of which are U.S.P. preparations. This variety of products was of material assistance in the treatment of individual cases.

THE DENTAL CLINIC
Chief: Lieutenant Alexander A. Payette, D.C. (Dental Corps)

The dental clinic of the hospital began on September 15. The personnel were composed of Lieutenants Payette and Cannon, Cpl. Goodwin, laboratory assistant, and Pvts. 1st Class Pinches and Schollander, assistants in the clinic.

Amalgam restorations, for broken-down posterior teeth, were commonly made. Cements and synthetic porcelain constituted the fillings for the anterior teeth. Our laboratory was kept busy preparing and constructing artificial dentures, both partial and full, returning many patients to duty with a satisfactory masticatory apparatus.

In the removal of impacted molars and in difficult extractions, conductive anesthesia was used.

In addition to the usual dental treatment, fracture cases were treated by wiring the maws in occlusion. Where this would not suffice, inter-dental splints were constructed. In a few cases Angle's expansion arches and bands were used.

MESS DEPARTMENT
The Mess Department began operating in the A.E.F. on August 10, at Mars Center. The unit received its first patients on September 1, from which date the Mess Department became one of the busiest and most important parts of the organization.

Four messes were maintained: general, or patient's mess, detachment mess, nurse's mess, and officers mess. The general mess was devoted entirely to the patients. Those patients requiring special diets had their meals prepared by a skilled dietitian and her corps of assistants. Utmost care was taken in the selection and preparation of these diets. For those patients not requiring special diets, varied and well-balanced meals were provided. Ambulatory cases were served in two large mess halls. Here the mess kit and cup were supplanted by china dishes and silverware, furnished by the American Red Cross of Los Angeles.

In the bakery department, pies, cakes, cookies, doughnuts, and hotbreads were made by skilled bakers. These delicacies were very much appreciated by the patients, as well as the hospital personnel. An important feature of the mess was the purchase of those foodstuffs not obtainable from the Quartermaster's department. These purchases included vegetables of all kinds, fruits, milk, eggs, cheese, poultry and game, oysters, fish, mutton, pork, nuts, and various other commodities. Through these purchases it was possible to serve exceptionally appetizing and nourishing meals.

The normal capacity of the hospital was 1500 patients. During the months of October and November an annex caring for 1200 to 1300 patients, was operated by this unit. This emergency was met by the Mess Department in a highly satisfactory manner and without decreasing the standard maintained during the period when the hospital ran at its normal capacity.

The subsistence supplies were cared for in three storerooms and a butcher shop. One storeroom was well equipped with shelves and bins for the advantageous handling of those commodities used in small quantities. Another storeroom was devoted to the storing of case and sack goods used in large quantities. The third storeroom was used for the storing and preparing of fruits and vegetables. The butcher shop was a model in equipment and cleanliness. Strict economy was practiced in this department; waste being reduced to the minimum.

All messes were operated with certain thoughts in mind, namely: cleanliness, careful selection of menus, sufficiency of food, economy, and harmony and efficiency among the personnel. The credit for the successful conduct of the Mess belongs to the following officer and enlisted men: Lt. Kent, Sgt. Wilkinson, Cpl. Coffman, Pvts. Harter and Labarere. The following named served as cooks, bakers and butchers: Ray W. Anderson, Roy L. Anderson, Clark, Scott, Harper, Kline, Kent, La Barre, Clayton, Freer, Hainsworth, Serritzlew, Langdon, Neil, and James Nelson.

Except for such entertainments as were given from time to time by the Red Cross, hospital life at Mars was socially uneventful. However, on Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year's Day, every effort was made to create a festive atmosphere and to pass the holidays as pleasantly as possible.

All wards were specially decorated with appropriate emblems in holiday colors, the patients taken delight in helping to prepare them.

At Christmas time spruce trees were secured and decorated. The nurses sang the Christmas carols in the wards before daylight, and Santa Claus, with the help of the Red Cross, made his rounds.

Turkey dinners were served on all three occasions, with many other extras, such as celery, grapes, pies, nuts, candy, etc. Nothing more in the way of food could have been desired.

The corpsmen, on Christmas morning, received comfort bags containing toilet articles, mending kits, playing cards, handkerchiefs, candy, etc., as the gift of the unit�s Auxiliary in Los Angeles.

END

(Images and material source: Bob Lull, G.F. Lull Family Collection)

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