Anselm Anthony was born on the 9th of June 1778 in Campbell County, Virginia. He was the son of Joseph Anthony and his wife Ann Clark, daughter of Col. Clark, an officer in the Revolutionary War. Shortly after that war, Joseph Anthony moved to Georgia and settled in Wilkes County. Here Anselm obtained educational advantages only as were afforded by country schools, but being fond of books, he devoted all his leisure hours to reading, and amassed a great fund of information. Even at that age, he was calm and dignified in his deportment and gentle and courteous toward his associates.

He began to preach about 1810 or 1812 and was licensed by Fishing Creek Church, Wilkes Co., GA., in 1814, and for a while had charge of that church. Then he became pastor of the Baptist Church at Madison, GA., for several years in that place, serving also, other churches in Morgan Co. In 1824, he moved to Gwinnett Co. where he served various churches.

He was married in 1806 to Sarah Menzies of NC. who died in 1830. Seven children, 2 boys and 5 girls were the result of this union. After remaining a widower for five years, he was United in Matrimony to Miss Catherine Blakey, of Wilkes Co., GA. About 6 years after his second marriage, a stroke of paralysis, which affected one entire side of his frame, and from which he never fully recovered, put an end to his ministerial work . In 1843, his second wife died, and he lived alone until 1858, when he was induced to break up housekeeping and reside with his son in Meriwether Co.

While on a visit to his daughter in Polk Co. in Jan. 1859, he became helpless and remained so until Jan. 1868 when he died in the 89th year of his age. When informed that his departure was near at hand, he said, "I know it, but I feel that the Lord is with me and that he will never leave me." Calm and peaceful was his departure from earth. Never did evening set more softly and gently, than this way-worn pilgrim fell asleep in Jesus. Without a struggle, he closed his eyes in death -- "Like one who draws the drapery of his couch about him, and lies down to pleasant dreams." His body was taken to Gwinnett Co. and rests in the grave at Bethabara Church, beside the remains of his wives and daughters. Mr. Anthony was a hard student, and with him the Bible was the book of books. For its study, he set apart a portion of each day and permitted neither business nor friends to cause neglect of this duty. As a preacher, he was plain and pointed, ever reproving sin regardless of praise or censure; and as long as he could converse, he admonished to holiness of life, and to earnestness in performance of Christian duty. He would sometimes tell how a couple of sisters encouraged him on the day of his baptism, saying, "I was sorely tempted by the devil, and almost ready to yield when they came to me and exhorted me to be faithful. They did much to strengthen me. Sisters," he would say, "go and do likewise, you may encourage and strenghten many who are weak, and ready to faint." To the last, he was deeply concerned for the interest of Zion, and even when memory failed to such an extent that he did not recognize the members of his family, he never forgot the name of Christ nor that of Christ Church. He would inquire to all he saw how the cause of the Savior was progressing and how Zion was prospering.

As a man and as a minister, he was slow to form an opinion and give expression to his sentiments, in regard to either men or measures, but when his opinions were settled and his judgment formed, he remained firm and unyielding. He was a large man and of muscular proportions weighing 240 lbs. with raven hair and large black eyes, but with a weak voice and soft-spoken, he commanded the respect and attention of his audiences. Without a doubt, he did much good by wholesome advice he was in the habit of bestowing on the young, many of whom, even in old age, remember and often respected the judicious instructions received in youth from him. Upon more than one boy's mind was a lasting impression made by this saying of his: "When angry bottle up thy thunder and lightning lest thee kill someone!" As a minister, he was in the hands of God, an instrument for turning many from the evil of their ways, to the path of righteousness and peace, and no doubt, in the great day, many will call him blessed. As a Baptist, he was sound in faith and practice and strong in his doctrinal convictions and did much to establish wavering brethern.

Levi Arbaugh of the firm  Arbaugh & Sargent, Millers of Scio, Ohio, was born in Perry Township, Carroll Co., Ohio, April 5, 1846.  His father, James Arbaugh, was born in Maryland, and when a small boy was brought by his parents to Rumley Township, Harrison Co., Ohio, where the grandfather, John Arbaugh, died while our subject was still young; the grandmother died some years later--about 1865.  Of the children of John Arbaugh two are living--Levi, in Rumley Township, Harrison Co., Ohio, and Adam, in Van Buren County, Iowa. 

James Arbaugh was reared a farmer, and was educated in the old-time log school-house.  In 1840 he married Catherine Cook, daughter of Martin Cook, of German descent.  This couple located on a farm in Carroll County, Ohio, and thence, in 1867, went to Iowa, where, in 1882, the father died, aged sixty-eight years.  The mother is still active and resides in Van Buren County, Iowa, aged sixty-nine.  She became the mother of eight children, viz.:  David and William, who died in infancy; Levi, our subject; Mary Ann, Mrs. Joseph Snider, near Rumley, Harrison Co., Ohio; Rose Ann, who died in 1886; John C., a  merchant in Iowa; Samuel, a stock-dealer in Iowa, and Rachel, married and living in California.

William Arbaugh, a native of Maryland, of German descent, and a soldier of the Revolution, had Jacob, Daniel, Rachel, Margaret, John, born in Maryland where he married Rosanna Wentz, a native of that state.  He removed to Rumley Twp, Harrison County Ohio in about 1820 and ahd issue: Sarah, Margaret, Lavina, Lydia, John, James, Adam, and Levi born 28 October 1825 who married (1) 23 Dec 1858 Elizabeth Reid who died 1885, daughter of Hugh and Margaret Fulton Reid, pioneers of Archer Twp., Harrison County.  He married (2) in April of 1889, Louisa Hilbert of Defiance, Ohio.

Physician and Surgeon, son of David Bell and Nancy Holmes, his wife, was born July 9, 1810 near Lexington, Kentucky. His father was a native of Staunton, Virginia; came to Kentucky about the year 1804, and settled in Fayette County, where he remained during his life, engaged in agricultural pursuits. His mother was a Pennsylvanian by birth, and daughter of John Holmes who was an early settler in Fayette County.

Dr. Bell was educated at Transylvania University, at Lexington. In 1828, he began reading medicine, principally under the supervision of Dr. Benjamin W. Dudley, one of the most prominent men in the medical profession in Kentucky. In 1832, he graduated at Transylvania University, receiving his medical degree; in the same year, entered on the practice of his profession at Hannibal, Missouri; soon afterwards returned to Kentucky, and located at Lancaster; in 1835, removed to Lexington, where he has since resided, actively engaged in a large and valuable medical practice. He has been engaged in his profession over forty years at Lexington, longer than any physician in active practice in that city; was a member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of Lexington, and, especially, during that period, often used his pen for the benefit of the profession; has not only been popular and successful in ordinary practice, but has established a fine reputation as a surgeon; as early as 1834, performed the rare and difficult operation of Caesarian section. He has been greatly devoted to his profession, and to it has mainly given his time and energies throughout a long and successful career. In politics, he is a Democrat, but was a Whig until the dissolution of that party, casting his first vote for Henry Clay. He has been for over half a century a member of the Presbyterian Church, and for over forty years an elder; is a man of fine personal and social traits, and stands deservedly high in the community, of which he has been so long a valuable and useful member. Dr. Bell was married, June 5, 1834, to Charlotte Corday Robertson, daughter of Chief Justice George W. Robertson.

Emigrated from Berne province, Switzerland, to America before the Revolution (1750-1770), and afterwards settled in Somerset county, Penn., whence he removed to North township, Harrison county, Ohio, about 1807, where he died 1812; had issue, among others: 1. Jacob b. Feb 23, 1780 and died 1872, he married 1804 Susanna Livingston who died 1830, daughter of Christian and Anna Livingstone, of Somerset county; removed to North township county, about 1806 and had issue: Anne D. born May 19, 1805 and died 1889, she married 1823 Rev. D. Strayer; 2. Catharina, born May 23, 1807 who married Michael Firebaugh; 3. Levi b. Aug 29, 1809; 4. Joseph b. Feb 21, 1811; 5. Jacob born Jan 15, 1813 and died 1837, married Sarah fisher; 6. Salome born Aug 10, 1814; 7. Elias Greene b. April 23, 1816 and died Sept 4, 1888 married June 27, 1844, Jane McClintock who was born 1818 and died 1891 - daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth McClintock of Carroll county (had issue: i. Silas Wright born June 2, 1845 who married 1868 Elizabeth Wright, daughter of George Adam and Biddy Gordon Wright; ii. Orlando Loomis born July 11, 1846; iii. Milton Addison born 1848 and died young; iv. Alfred Bruce born Nov. 2, 1850; v. Elizabeth Ellen born June 21, 1852; vi. Melissa Anna born Feb 18, 1854; vii. Josephine born Dec. 14, 1855; viii. Emma Jane born June 9, 1857; ix. Heber Edson born Jan 3, 1860; x. Thomas McClintock born March 12, 1863; xi. Barton Livingston, born Dec 19, 1865; xii. Ira Atilla born Jan 31, 1867; xiii. born Sept. 25, 1870).  8. Lydia born August 1, 1819 who  married Napoleon B. Fisher; 9. Manassas born May 17, 1821; 10. Susanna born June 5, 1823; 11. Mary born 1825; 12. John born Feb 10, 1830.

James S. Carpenter, son of Edward and Sarah (Stratton), was born in Glassborough, Gloucester Co., N.J on 18 Oct 1807 and died 31 Jan 1872. He was married 12 Oct 1832, to Camilla Julia Sanderson who was born in October of 1815, and died 19 May 1897. She was the daughter of John Sanderson, author of "The Lives of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence," and Sophie Carr, his wife.

James studied medicine with Dr. Joseph Fithian, of Woodbury, New Jersey. He graduated M.D. at the University of Pennsylvania, and in 1830 settled in Pottsville, then a new settlement in the coal region of Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, where he soon acquired a lucrative practice. In 1835 he visited Europe in company with his father-in-law and studied in the hospitals of Paris. Returning home in 1837, he resumed the practice of his profession in Pottsville, which he continued with great success until his death in 1872. His reputation for great skill extended far beyond the limits of his practice, and his personal magnetism, genial manners, social qualities, and hospitality endeared him to all who came within their influence.

James and Camilla were the parents of John T., who was born in 1833 and married (1) Eliza Adelaide Hill and (2), Ann E. (Shaw), widow of General Henry Pleasants; Sarah S. who married Rev. Daniel Washburne; Sophia C.; Cornelia M.; James E.; Preston; Camilla S.; Mary; and Richard Carpenter.

John T. Carpenter, the son of James S. and Camilla (Sanderson), was born in Pottsville, PA on 27June 1833 and died 22 Jan 1899. He married (1) on 04 Dec 1855, Eliza Adeaide Hill, daughter Of Charles M. Hill and Caroline Hammecken his wife, she having been born on 22 Dec 1830 and died in April of 1886. He married (2) Ann E. (Shaw), widow of General Henry Pleasants.

Dr. John T. Carpenter graduated A.B. University of Pennsylvania in 1852 and A.M., M.D., 1855, at the University of Pennsylvania. He settled in Pottsville and succeeded to his father's practice. He was appointed surgeon in the 34th Regiment Pennsylvania Reserves April, 1861 and was Medical Director of General McCook's Brigade, West Virginia as well as many other appointed positions. After the war he was President of the Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania.

Upon the close of the Civil War, he continued to reside in Pottsville, devoting himself to the successful practice of his profession until his death. He attained a distinguished reputation as a physician and surgeon, and from his character was universally respected and esteemed in his community.

He and Eliza were the parents of Caroline who married Rev. John B. Draper; James S.; Laura S who married Lucian F. Bringham as his 2nd wife; Sophie; Margaret; John T.; Cornelia; Charles M.; Agnes L; and Eliza A. Carpenter.

George W. Crites, a druggist, Dover, is the great-grandson of Jacob Crites. a native of Washington County, Penn., who was among the distinguished pioneers of Tuscarawas County. He died near Dover in the eightieth year of his age. His son, Andrew Crites, was born in Washington County, Penn., and came with the family to this county where he died in 1838, aged seventy years.

George Crites, the father of our subject, was born near Dover January 29, 1813, and died February 15, 1879. He was a carpenter by trade, and erected many of the prominent buildings of the city. He held many offices of trust, and although a man of quiet habits, was highly honored and esteemed. His wife, Mary Mygrant, was born in Westmoreland County, Penn. on February 5, 1817 and was a daughter of Joseph and Margaret Mygrant, a pioneer family of 1828. Her demise occurred September 10, 1875. They raised a family of nine children, six of whom survive. Their names and dates of birth as follows: William F., April 13, 1838; George W. (the subject of this sketch) March 9, 1842; Emmet, June 22. 1850; Charles, November 28, 1852; Clara, September 9, 1854; and Harvey, January 22, 1850. The deceased are George Warren, born in December, 1840, died January 1841: Wealthy B., born February 20, 1844, died March 22, 1850; and Charles Emmet, born June 3, 1846, died September 8, 1847.

The subject of this sketch acquired an education in the Union Schools of Dover where he afterward became teacher, and in the district schools of the county. He subsequently became Examiner, occupying that position at the present time, and has always taken an active interest in educational matters. He worked with his father at the carpenter bench, early learning to labor with his hands. In 1865, he entered the old drug house of William Rickert & Son as a clerk, and two years later formed a partnership in the drug business with W. W. Scott, carrying on a successful trade. In 1873, Scott withdrew from the firm and E. C. Dickson was admitted, the firm name being Crites & Dickson; in 1877, this firm was dissolved, since which time Mr. Crites has conducted the business alone. He has occupied his present location since the first business opening. This is the oldest establishment of the kind in the city, and all its appurtenances are first-class; being well stocked and fitted up with taste, it commands a large and justly-merited patronage.

Mr. Crites, when quite young, filled the offices of Township Treasurer and Clerk, and by his affable nature and upright dealing, soon won his way to the hearts of the people. He may be justly termed a self-made man; beginning life without parental aid, he applied himself diligently to his studies, securing a common school education. He is a Democrat in politics. In 1879, was elected from this county for Representative. His services were so well appreciated, that in June of 1883, he was re-nominated by acclamation and October 9, 1883, elected by a large majority to the same position. Mr. Crites was married on November 19, 1867, to Miss Emma, daughter of Henry Brister and a native of Coshocton County, Ohio.

William Crites, farmer. P. O. Now Philadelphia, was born in Dover Township, Tuscarawas County, Ohio, in 1840, and is a son of John and Mary Crites, both natives of Pennsylvania. They were among the early settlers of this county, John Crites entering eighty acres of the land now occupied by our subject, which farm now consists of 143 acres. Both parents died on the homestead. They reared a family of ten children, of whom nine have survived.

The subject of this sketch was married in Dover Township in 1865, to Mary Foney, who was born in this county. The nine children living of ten born to this union are as follows: Daniel L., Joseph H., Jesse E., Emanuel, Alphy, Wyola, Perley, Ruby and Bertha.

Mr. Crites will rank among the native born children of Tuscarawas County, springing from the original stock of English settlers; he has always retained and lived upon the home his father selected from the wilds of this county. As a citizen and a man, he is highly respected.

THOMAS CROWLEY, deceased, was one of the earliest pioneers of this section, settling here long before Latah County had a separate existence, and laboring faithfully during the days of his sojourn for the upbuilding of the country and for general progress, always manifesting himself as a good, loyal citizen, and man of uprightness and integrity, while his industry and enterprise were patent to all, and it is with pleasure that we accord to his memory this review.

The birth of Mr. Crowley occurred in the Emerald Isle, in 1825, and while still a small boy he came to America, and for a good many years he traveled in various parts of the country, visiting about every state in the Union. Finally he came to this country and settled on government land three miles southeast from where Moscow now stands. He bent his energies to opening up a farm and improving the same, and his success is well manifested, for at the time of his death he left a fine estate of four hundred and eighty acres. He settled here first in 1872, and death called him away in 1889. Five sons are living on the place, the oldest, Frank Crowley, being born on January 27, 1876, and he now has charge of the farm, which is operated by him and his brothers, who are William, James, Joseph and John. The father was a successful raiser of stock, and the sons run a threshing outfit, Frank having managed one for the last five years. The estate is still undivided, and the sons are handling it together. The widow was married a second time, and is now living in Seattle. Mr. Crowley was a man of excellent qualities, and he wrought with a display of skill and good judgment, while his energy and capabilities in handling business affairs was manifest to all. He was well known and universally beloved and the day of his death was a time of sincere and wide spread mourning.

Gottlieb DeMuth (1715-1776), a member of the Moravian Brethern Church, was born at Karlsdorf, Moravia, the son of Tobias and Rosina Tonn DeMuth. Due to religious persecution, Tobias DeMuth died in prison in 1715. The rest of the family fled Moravia and lived for awhile in Saxony. Gottleib DeMuth immigrated to America in 1735 with a group of Moravians and settled near Savannah, Georgia. He migrated to Pennsylvania in 1740 and lived at Bethlehem, Allemaengel and finally Schoeneck, Pennsylvania.

He married Eva Barbara Gutsler Hehl, a widow, ca. 1740. They had seven children, 1742-1755. Gottlieb and Eva DeMuth are buried in the Moravian Cemetery, Schoeneck. Their grandson, Wilhelm (William) Gottlieb DeMuth (1791-1874), was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, the son of Gottlieb DeMuth, Jr. (1750-1825), a Revolutionary War soldier. He married Elizabeth Kind (1797-1882) ca. 1812. They had eight children, 1815-ca. 1846. The family lived in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, 1826 to 1829, migrated to Tuscarawas County, Ohio, in 1829, then moved to Lucas County, Ohio, ca. 1846, where they settled in Waterville Township. William and Elizabeth DeMuth are buried in the Rupp Cemetery, Whitehouse, Ohio. Descendants lived in Ohio, Kansas, Wisconsin, Indiana, Michigan and elsewhere.

John F. Demuth, in 1800 or 1801, accompanied Lewis Knaus. Godfrey Haga and Michael Uhrich on a horseback journey from the East Haga soon returned, and a little later settled in Clay Township. Uhrich afterward settled in Mill Township. Mr. Demuth bought a small farm of seventy acres in Warwick Township, and bringing his wife, Elizabeth Roth, from Pennsylvania, settled there.

A year or two later, Christian Demuth, the father of John, emigrated with his eight daughters and settled on thirty-five acres just east of the river and opposite his son John. Of the daughters, Mary married Jacob Uhrich; Susan, John Fenner; Rosa, Joseph Shamel; Sarah, George Sbamel; Rachel, Richard Ferguson. Margaret, Mr. Flickinger, and afterward James Tracy. The other two girls became Mrs. Neichtman and Mrs. Benjamin Casey. Christian Demuth engaged in farming, and died in 1822. He was a Moravian.

Chicago owes much to the life and labors of John H. Dunham who believed in municipal integrity as strong and unswerving as in personal honor. To this end he protected the fair name of the city and state at times when the intrigues of unscrupulous politicians would have blackened it, and yet John H. Dunham was by no means a political leader nor did he attempt to' take active part in public affairs more than he deemed it the duty of every American citizen. He was preeminently a business man and a most successful merchant. His life record is well worthy of emulation and if business men of the present generation would hut follow his exan1ple there would be no need of condemning political leaders or seek to suppress graft in office, for the public positions would then be filled by men of business ability and municipal honor.

Mr. Dunham reached Chicago in May, 1844, continuing to reside in this city until his death on the 28th of April, 1893. The story of his life record cannot fail to prove of interest to those who have regard for honorable manhood and an appreciation for wise and intelligent use of opportunity on the part of the individual. Mr. Dunham was at that time a young man of twenty-seven years, his birth having occurred in Seneca county, New York, May 28, 1817. His parents were Ezra and Ann (Hobrow) Dunham, prosperous farming people of that locality. At that period the school year in farming communities covered little more than the winter months and thus Mr. Dunham, after pursuing his studies through the winter seasons, devoted the summer to work upon the home farm. The opportunity of a college education never came to him -always a matter of deep regret. He learned many valuable lessons through experience, observation and reading, however, and was recognized during his residence in Chicago as a well informed man of sound and discriminating judgment. He felt that the confines of a New York farm were too narrow for his ambition and his energy, and at the age of seventeen years he left home to seek opportunities in mercantile fields. At Waterloo, New York, he entered into a contract to work for three years at a salary of thirty-six dollars per year. Soon afterward a much larger salary was offered by another firm, but he refused it as he had given his word to remain with his first employer - and his word was ever a pledge of honor. His fidelity proved, however, in the long run to be the best policy, for it established his position as a young man of integrity, worthy of trust and confidence, and so when his contract was fulfilled and he wished to start in business for himself he had little difficulty in obtaining credit. Opening a hardware store, he continued in the trade for six years, realizing therefrom the sum of ten thousand dollars.

This capital constituted the nucleus for the basis of his success in the west. Reading of the settlement and growth of the Mississippi valley, he believed that Chicago would prove an advantageous field for further business operation, and in May, 1844, after traveling westward by stage-coach for many days, he reached his destination. The wholesale grocery business first claimed his attention and for fourteen years he continued in that trade, his business growing proportionally with the rapid development of this city and the surrounding country. At length he sold out but remained an active factor in the business life of Chicago, operating largely in the field of real estate and afterward in banking. In 1857 he organized the Merchants Loan & Trust Company's Bank, becoming its first president. That was the year of a wide-spread financial panic, but such was the business reputation of Mr. Dunham that his bank soon sprung into popular favor. In was founded upon safe and conservative methods, and he took a firm stand against the "wild cat" and other unsafe currency with which local banks were flooding the country - currency that fluctuated in value and at times proved so nearly worthless that not only the banks that issued it went to the wall but many business concerns were badly crippled thereby. Mr. Dunham waged an untiring and ceaseless warfare against such a currency and his efforts, combined with such of others of like mind, led to the permanent retirement of such monies in 1861. The following year Mr. Dunham resigned the presidency of the bank and was thereafter again connected with mercantile pursuits for two or three years. He also served as national bank examiner for Illinois by appointment of Secretary H. McCulloch, who afterward referred to Mr. Dunham as the ablest man in the country in that capacity. In 1866 he entered upon a much needed rest. Up to this time for twenty years he had given close and unremitting attention to business interests of considerable extent and importance, but that year he went abroad with his family, spending two years in travel through continental and insular Europe. This was a period of great enjoyment to him for he was keenly appreciative of beauty as found in the scenery and art galleries of the' old world, and, as wide reading had moreover made him thoroughly familiar with many historical points, this heightened his pleasure in visiting those scenes which have figured prominently in history.

The year which witnessed Mr. Dunham's arrival in Chicago was also the one which chronicled his marriage. On the 80th of April, 1844, he wedded Miss Elizabeth. Hills, whose father was a prominent merchant of Waterloo, New York, and they became the parents of four children, of whom only two daughters survive: Helen Elizabeth, the widow of Judge Kirk Hawes and Mary Virginia Dunham.

The Dunham home on Michigan avenue was one of quiet elegance, the center of a cultured society circle. There Mr. Dunham delighted to entertain his friends and to discuss with prominent people of the city the questions which affected the welfare of its inhabitants in many vital relations. He belonged to the Young Men's Christian Association, was a member and supporter of the Soldiers' Home, the Academy of Sciences and the Chicago Historical Society. He was also a member of the Board of Trade and from the period of his arrival in Chicago he took an active and helpful interest in many projects which were promoted for the city's welfare. His work in behalf of an adequate system of water works, furnishing a supply of pure water, constituted a work which should make his name honored for all time. In early days the city water works were connected with an old mill at the foot of Lake street. When the cholera epidemic broke out in 1849 the treasury was without money or credit, yet pure water was needed as an agency in checking the disease. A contemporary publication, in speaking of this crisis in the city's history, says: "Some prominent citizens met in a private office with locked doors to devise if possible some way of relief. Their idea was to create a corporation within a corporation, and the services of a lawyer, Judge John L. Wilson, were engaged and Mr. Dunham was chosen chairman of the committee to draft a bill. After a week's hard labor and much thought on the subject, the report was made that Wilson considered the scheme an impossibility. Mr. Dunham, however, had a theory of his own, and the matter was left with him. He at once engaged Mr. E. C. Larned, one of the most eminent lawyers Chicago has ever had, to assist Judge Wilson. They drafted a bill to secure proper water works for the city and submitted the same for approval to the parties interested. It was deemed satisfactory save that they saw no way by which to secure the necessary funds. At this juncture Mr. Dunham offered a resolution providing that all property abutting on any street in which water pipes were laid should be assessed for the cost of the same. This proved to be the saving clause, and the bill thus drawn was passed by the legislature, and is probably the best water works bill ever drawn, and all honor is due Messrs. Wilson, Larned and Dunham for the excellent result. Notwithstanding Mr. Dunham's activity in the matter, he was not named as one of the commissioners chosen by the legislature; but his interest continued and when the bonds were issued he watched the proceedings carefully. One day while visiting New York he chanced to meet the gentleman having charge of the bonds and learned to his surprise that he was about to place them with certain bankers there. Mr. Dunham offered to give him the note of those gentlemen for twenty thousand dollars, due in four months, and to take in exchange his individual note for the same amount and to give him in addition his own check for one thousand dollars. This offer seemed to startle him and the bonds were not placed as intended, which proved fortunate for the success of the enterprise, as the bankers referred to failed three months later."

Mr. Dunham's political support was given to the Whig party and when the issues of the day led to the organization of the republican party he took active part in its formation and was its candidate for the state legislature in 1856. He accepted the candidacy with the hope of securing a reform in the currency then in use, and was offered the speakership on condition that he would favor "stump-tail money." He indignantly refused, declaring that he was there to protect the people and to work for the redemption of the state bank issue. In this he failed and returned from Springfield determined to have nothing more to do with politics. His interest in good citizenship, however, never abated and his influence was' always on the side of progress, reform and improvement. His position was never questioned. His belief was expressed clearly and was defended with vigor. Of him it has been said: "Primarily a merchant, he developed such aptness for affairs, such strength of character and solidity of judgment that he became a legislator, a leader in finance and an important factor in the intellectual and social life of the city."

As a business man J. H. Dunham was prompt, energetic, strictly honest and always paid one hundred cents on the dollar. He was a man of pronounced character, very decided in all his views, and never hesitated to express them whenever occasion demanded. His honesty, integrity and ability as a business man and a citizen were never questioned.

An active member for many years of the Second Presbyterian Church, he was seldom absent from his seat on Sunday. He gave liberally to private enterprises, always insisting that whatever he did in that direction was his own private affair, and not to be made public through the newspapers. He had for many years supported one, and some of the time two home missionaries of the American Sunday School Union at work in destitute portions of the then northwestern territory, while his gifts to private individuals were numerous and amounted to thousands of dollars.

The Chicago Tribune said, in part, editorially, at the time of Mr. Dunham's death: "Mr. Dunham had been a resident of this city for forty-nine years, during these years, or until a short time after the fire, when he retired from active pursuits, he was continuously engaged in mercantile business and was also prominent in banking business, as the founder of the Merchants Loan & Trust Company.

"Though one of the organizers of the republican party in this state, a man of strong political convictions, and at one time a member of the legislature, he took little public part in politics, his preference being for mercantile pursuits in which he was remarkably successful.

"Mr. Dunham was in his seventy-sixth year at the time of his death and apparently gave every assurance of reaching an advanced age, as he was a robust and well preserved man of unusual physical activity."

BENJAMIN DYE has been a resident of Morgan County nearly thirty years, and during that time has been prosperously pursuing agriculture and is one of the prominent farmers of township 15, range 10. Here he has a beautiful home, replete with all the modern conveniences and comforts, of a pleasing style of architecture and constructed of brick. His farm comprises a quarter of section 12, and it is considered one of the best managed and most desirable in this part of the county. The subject of this biography was born April 30, 1828, in Miami Co., Ohio, within five miles of the town of Troy.

His father, Vincent, was a native of the same county, born in the early days of its settlement, and after attaining to manhood he undertook the pioneer task of constructing a farm from the primeval forest in that wild, sparsely settled part of the country. He took unto him a wife, Rebecca Swills, and seven children blessed their union, three of whom are living: our subject; Maria, now Mrs. Harris, of Indiana; Fanny (Mrs. Ellidge) of Missouri.

In 1832, he moved with his family to Tippecanoe Co., Ind., and became a pioneer there. In 1859, he made another move and became a pioneer of still another state, this time settling in Bates County, Missouri. He was not allowed to remain in undisturbed possession of his new home very long, but on account of his strong union and anti-slavery sentiments, which he was too noble to disguise even for peace and safety, he was driven out of that county, and returning to Indiana in 1861, he died there in the month of August, aged sixty-five years, and now lies quietly sleeping his last sleep near Dayton, Ind. He was a good and true man, whose honorable, manly course through life merited the highest respect. His wife stayed in Missouri after his departure to look after their property, and after the close of the war came to Illinois and made her home with our subject till she closed her eyes in death at the age of sixty-five years.

Our subject inherited from his worthy parents many sterling traits of character that have made him a strong, manly man, true to those high principles that they inculcated by precept and example. He was a child of four years when he was taken from the beautiful scenes of his early home to Indiana, and there, near Dayton, seven miles from LaFayette, where his father took up new land, he grew to manhood, obtaining a good, practical education in the common schools. After his schooldays were over he engaged with his father in farming till he attained his majority, when he worked on a farm for someone else at first, and after a little had a farm of his own. He began with eighty acres of timber land, which he improved into a fine farm before he left it, and erected a good frame house and other buildings. When he first started out in life, desiring a companion and helpmate, Mr. Dye asked Miss Sarah Bugher to share his fate and fortunes with him, and they were united in marriage in June, 1850. Mrs. Dye is an Indianian by birth, born about six miles south of Delphi, the county seat of Carroll County, in 1829, and she lived under the parental roof till her marriage. Her father, Samuel Bugher, was a native of Miami County, Ohio, and was there married to Miss Nancy Schaeffer, who was born near Troy, that state. They moved to Indiana at the same time that the parents of our subject did, and lived there till after the marriage of their daughter and our subject, when they went to Wisconsin. Mr. Schaeffer died there, and his wife also, her death preceding his. He was always a farmer and also owned and managed a mill. To Mr. and Mrs. Dye were born twelve children, ten of whom are living, four of them born in Indiana, and all have received good school advantages and are well-bred. Ollie Ann, is now Mrs. Ezra Brown, of Cowley County, Kansas; Eugene, who lives at home, married Margaret Miller, and they have two daughters; Belle and Rebecca are at home, the latter a teacher; Sampsom is in Cowley County, Kan.; Nancy and Rhoda are at home; Lewis is farming with his father; Benjamin Jr., and John are at home.

Mr. Dye became a man of prominence in his Indiana home, although he avoided politics, and he served in all the School and various District offices. On the organization of the Republican party he bravely took sides with it and advocated its principles, although he knew that in doing so in that part of the country where he was then residing his very life was in danger, the pro-slavery element predominating and the Southern sentiment very strong. He incurred the hatred and animosity of his neighbors, who called him a "black abolitionist," and pitched on to him and he barely escaped having serious trouble. He was a member of the militia or home guards, Company B, 10th Ind. and accompanied his regiment to Virginia at the time of the call for "100 day" volunteers. Prior to going on this expedition Mr. Dye deemed it expedient to sell his property in Indiana, and did so in the spring of 1861. But he did not come to Morgan County, this state, till the fall of 1861, when he bought his present farm, the land of which was improved to some extent, and he has ever since been a valued resident of this township. His removal to this place was made with teams and it took ten days to accomplish the journey. In the twenty-eight years that have elapsed since our subject came here to swell among the kindly, hospitable people of this township, he has shown himself an open-hearted, generous, public spirited citizen, one who is ever on the side of the right, ready to succor the needy and unfortunate, and who has at heart the good of the community. He and his wife are highly esteemed in social circles, and for a time he was a member of the I.O.O.F.

Grayson Dye, farmer; P. O. Piqua; a descendant of the old Dye family, of pioneer history; was born in Miami County January 11, 1841, and is the son of James M. and Letty (Cecil) Dye; he was also born in Miami County, and she in Virginia, but came with her parents to Ohio when just a small child. They were united in marriage March 3, 1825 - the day before that upon which Andrew Jackson was inaugurated as President of the United States; by this union, they had thirteen children, of whom six are now living, viz., Thomas C., Joseph C., Roswell S., Elizabeth, Grayson and Nancy J. Dye.

The grandfather, Benjamin, was born in Pennsylvania, but left there and came to Cincinnati in 1798; thence to Miami County in 1799, being one of the earliest of the pioneers; they located upon the same section which Grayson, the grandson, now lives, and on the very road which was cut out through the then wilderness, during the War of 1812, by General Wayne; "these were the days that tried men's souls." The father, James M., and the son, Grayson, both were born on the same section, making a continued residence of the Dye family upon the same land of eighty-one years.

Grayson Dye was united in marriage October 12, 1864, with Louisa Sheafer, daughter of Eckert and Rachel Sheafer, who were born in Pennsylvania and came to Ohio in 1848. By this union, they have had three children, viz., Thomas A., Pamelia, James M. Dye.

Mr. Dye owns a good farm of 199 acres of excellent bottom land, and also has charge of his mother's farm of 220 acres, giving him the superintendency of 419 acres of land; he is largely engaged in the raising of stock, having 700 sheep and the best blooded stock; he is an active thorough-going farmer, and believes that successful farming requires knowledge and scientific attainments.

John C. Dye, retired farmer; P. O. Troy. John C. Dye is one of the pioneers of Miami Co.; born in Greene Co.; Penn., Oct. 16, 1807; he accompanied his father to Miami Co. in 1810 at 3 years of age, and settled in Elizabeth Township, where his father entered a section of rich farming land and spent the remainder of his days.

His mother's maiden name was Elizabeth Clyne, a native also of Pennsylvania, and she had fourteen children, ten of whom lived to mature age. Two of his sisters still remain, one, Sarah, married to Mr. Stattler, still lives upon the old farm, and the other, Elizabeth, was married to Mr. James Dye.

The subject of our sketch was raised on the home farm until he was 23 years of age, when he began life for himself as a farmer. He was married May 20, 1829, to Elizabeth Green, daughter of George W. Green, his wife being a native of Miami Co. She died March 30, 1879. They had eleven children, four of whom have died, there remaining the following: Jane, Benjamin H., Joseph G., Sidney, Eliza beth, Eleanor and William G. Dye.

Mr. Dye followed farming ever since his marriage, and also learned the trade of a miller. His farm increased to 300 acres, and he there resided until he removed to Troy in March, 1880, having disposed of his land. Politically, Mr. Dye is a Republican, and has always been a prominent worker in the party's ranks in his township. He served as Justice of the Peace for nine years in Elizabeth Township. He has been a member of the Baptist denomination for over fifteen years. His venerable father died in 1842, and his mother followed in 1855. He now expects to spend the remainder of his ripe old age in ease and comfort in Troy, surrounded by his children and the comforts of a life well spent, a duty well performed and a promise of the future happiness that awaits the humble Christian man.

W. H. H. Dye, proprietor of Dye's Oil Mill, Troy. Mr. Dye, being among the oldest as well as the most influential settlers of Miami Co., naturally occupies a prominent position in the biographical department of his county's history. He is a son of William and Elizabeth (Evans) Dye, and was born Dec. 26, 1813; the father, William, was a native of Pennsylvania, from which State he emigrated to Miami Co., and located in Staunton Township in the beginning of the present century, where his death occurred Jan. 28,1823; the mother, Elizabeth, was born in Maryland, but immigrated with her parents to Kentucky in her infancy, where she resided until her marriage; having reached a good old age, she died in 1850, at the residence of her son, W. H. H. Dye.

William, as well as the grandfather, Andrew, with whom he emigrated here, figured conspicuously among the early pioneers of the county, and in another department of our work has received a more extended mention; Andrew Dye died at the advanced age of 93 years. W . H. H. Dye, our subject, remained with his father upon the home farm, where he obtained a practical but limited education, till his 16th year, when he accepted a clerkship in Troy, which position he occupied about four years; in 1832, he engaged in the mercantile business, in which he prospered, and in 1838, he began the distillery and milling business, by purchasing the property now known as Dye's mills, and continued this uninterruptedly until 1865, part of the time in connection with the mercantile trade; he abandoned the distillery in 1865, and in 1877, he converted the same into an oil-mill, of which mention is made in the history of Troy. In 1871, he organized the banking house of W. H. H. Dye & Son, now known as the Miami Co. Bank. Mr. D. has prominently identified himself as a generous citizen, as well as a man of great ability in business. In 1839, he married Martha Culbertson, who has borne him seven children, six daughters and one son.

A native of Germany, settled in Pennsylvania about 1799; removed to what is now North Township, Harrison county, Ohio, but afterward returned to Pennsylvania, where he died, his widow settling in Ohio after his death; had issue, among others:

David, born either in Pennsylvania or Maryland, 1787; settled  in North township, where he died June 14, 1864; married in Harrison county, Magdalena Gundy, born 1797, died 1878; daughter of Rev. Joseph and Fannie Coffman Gundy (the former a Mennonite minister who settled in Harrison county, in 1894); had issue: 1. Frances, m. John Weimer, and settled in Austin, Neb.; 2. Daniel, b. April 27, 1817; died Oct 14, 1885; married Elizabeth Boor, daughter of Michael and Caroline L. Barence Boor (the former came to Harrison county with his parents in 1838; died in Defiance, Ohio) (had issued: i. Caroline L., died Jan 26 1866; m. Rev. B.F. Rinehart; ii. Mary M., married Ebenezer W. Laughridge; iii Michael B. born August 7, 1845; served in the Civil War; married Nov 18, 1869, Sarah E. Smith, born 1852; died Feb 19, 1890; daughter of Thomas and Mary Smith; the former b. 1809; died February 1881; the latter b. 1813; died 1882; iv. David G. died April 13, 1870; v. Clara E., died October 27 1879).  

A native of Pennsylvania, of German descent, born 1786; did April 8, 1872, in North township, Harrison county, Ohio, where he had settled before 1825; served in the War of 1812; married Elizabeth Friend, born 1793; died Feb. 19, 1872; daughter of Jacob and Miss Bowers Friend; had issue: 1. Mary who married John Shiltz; 2. Jacob who married Catherine McCarroll and settled on the Kanawha River, Virginia; 3. John who married (1) Nancy Capper, a native of Ohio and married (2) Amanda Rippeth, also of Ohio; 4. Elizabeth; 5. Catherine, who married (1) John Heaston and married (2) J. Overholtz; 6. Margaret who married Isaac Heaston; 7. David, born March 11, 1825; served in the Civil War and married 1854 Christina Heaston, born in Monroe township, daughter of John and Christina Heaston, pioneers of Harrison county, both having died in Monroe township (the former a native of Maryland; the latter born in what is now a part of Philadelphia); 8. Samuel, who settled in Southern Kansas and married (1) Julia True of Ohio and married (2) Jemima Schooly of Iowa and married (3) Emily Tucker of Kansas; 9. Susan who married David Addleman; 10. Frances who married John Heaston; 11. Elias, who settled in Nebraska and married Mary Boor of Ohio; 12. Sarah who married Andrew Hale of Carroll county Ohio; 13. Joseph, b. 1838 and died Jan 26, 1879 in Uhrichsville, Tuscarawas county, Ohio.

Probably there cannot be found in Union township a more venerable man and venerated and respected citizen than Daniel Fisher, a son of Henry and Elizabeth (Crites) Fisher, of Pennsylvania birth and German extraction. Daniel Fisher, however, was born in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, and the date of his nativity was June 14, 1826. His paternal grandfather was the founder of the family in America, having landed in New York when a young man. Henry Fisher married a Miss Crites in Tuscarawas county. The lady was also of German parentage and bore her husband ten children, viz: John, Daniel, Joseph, George, Henry, Solomon, Anna, Elizabeth, Lydia and one that died in infancy. Of the three members of this family who still survive, Daniel is the only one living in Wells county, Indiana. Although his father was a poor man when he settled in Ohio, he was a man of indomitable will and untiring industry, and at his death, which took place in the Buckeye state, he was worth at least twenty thousand dollars.

Daniel Fisher was reared to farm life and was educated in the common schools; being an apt scholar and possessing a retentive memory, he succeeded in securing a good education and at the age of twenty-one years, on quitting school, he began learning the cooper's trade, at which he worked one year, when, having saved sufficient funds, he came to Wells county and entered eighty acres of wooded land on the site now occupied by Jesse Crites. He returned to Ohio and remained at his trade two years longer.

Mr. Fisher was united in marriage in 1850, with Miss Sophia A. Myers and the young couple lived on the farm alluded to for seven years, when Mrs. Fisher was called to rest July 17, 1857, leaving three children, named Henry, Elizabeth and Margaret A. At the death of this, his first helpmate, Mr. Fisher returned to the home of his father in Ohio and remained on the old homestead, until his second marriage, which took place March 25, 1859, to Miss Sarah J. Shull. In April, 1859, he returned with his wife to Wells county, Indiana, and resumed the occupancy of his original farm, on which he resided until 1862, when he sold it and bought one hundred and twenty acres of his present farm, to which he has since added forty acres, having now a compact farm of one hundred and sixty acres of as good land as can be found in Wells county.

To the second marriage of Mr. Fisher have been born nine children, eight of whom are living: Emmett, Matilda, Clara C., George A., Rachel, Elmer, Ellsworth, Daniel B. and Della M. Mr. Fisher and all the members of his family, save one, belong to the church of God, in which he has officiated as deacon and elder for several years. Mrs. Fisher died August 25, 1890, after being an invalid, confined to her bed for twenty-four years, and an almost constant sufferer from rheumatism.

In politics Mr. Fisher is a stalwart Republican and has been a zealous supporter of the party ever since its foundation, having probably cast more presidential votes than any other man in Wells county, at least in Union township, including candidates nominated by both Whigs and Republicans. Mr. Fisher thinks for himself and is possessed of strong convictions, but is not obtrusive and is a kindly neighbor, and has lived to witness Union township developed from a genuine wilderness into a blooming garden. His only neighbor, in fact, when he first settled here, was Jesse Crites, each owning a horse and wagon, and when necessary to go to mill, the two would hitch the animals together, thus making a double team, and while one of them carried an ax with which to hew a road through the woods, the other would drive the horses.

George Fowler has long been prominent in connection with the agricultural life of Hardin county, he being one of the progressive tillers of the soil in Pleasant Township. Like many of the best citizens of this section of the state, he is a Buckeye by birth, having been born in Union County, Ohio, February 2, 1851, and he is the son of William B. and Sarah Jane (Witcraft) Fowler, natives of New Jersey, from which state they emigrated to Ohio with their parents where they grew to maturity and were married. There the mother died in 1861 and not long afterwards the father enlisted in the Union army, from that state, and served faithfully for three years, when he was discharged on accounty of disability. After the war he made his home in Logan County, Ohio, until his death in 1899. He devoted his life to farming. He was a Republican and his wife was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They were the parents of six children who grew to maturity, two having died in infancy, namely: Elizabeth, who married Charles Jones, is deceased; George, of this review; Charles is farming in Union County, Ohio; John is farming in Hardin County, Iowa; David H., who was a farmer in Union County, Ohio, died February 22, 1910; Elida, now deceased, was the wife of Theodore Farrington.

George Fowler attended the public schools, and in September, 1861, he went to live with William Witcraft, with whom he remained until 1866, in which year he started to work out for himself. He remained in Ohio until 1876 when he emigrated with his brother John to Hardin county, Iowa; they located in Pleasant Township and has since made his home here.

On July 4, 1878, Mr. Fowler was married to Mary D. Knowles, daughter of John and Mary B. (Benedict) Knowles, the former a native of Hyde Parish, Stockport County, Chester, England, where his birth occurred on August 15, 1817; he died on October 5, 1879. He was the son of William and Mary (Cleg) Knowles, the father a cloth weaver. They came to Canada in 1834 and died here. In their family were sixteen children, four of whom emigrated to Canada, John, Daniel, Martha and Elizabeth. Daniel, who was a blacksmith, came to the United States, and on February 8, 1861, he enlisted at St. Louis, Missouri, in Company E, Third Regiment Light Artillery, and served until February 8, 1864. On July 9, 1864, he re-enlisted in Company D, Eighty-sixth New York Volunteer Infantry, and was discharged from the service on June 27, 1865; but he re-enlisted again, on July 5, 1865, in Company A, Fourth Regiment United States Artillery, and served until July 6, 1868. During his service he was at the bombardment of Hilton Head, Pulaski, Jans Island, Fort Lamar, Alaska Island, Fort Wagoner and the siege of the latter. In the fall of 1869 he came to Hardin county, Iowa, and remained one year. He farmed ten years in Jasper County, returning to Hardin County in 1880 and made his home with Mr. and Mrs. George Fowler until his death, on April 11, 1909, at an advanced age, having been born on April 10, 1824.

John Knowles, mentioned above, was educated in England, came to Canada in 1834, and in 1850 he was married and came to Lee county, Iowa, where he farmed until 1860, then moved to Hardin county, buying eighty acres of wild land in Providence township, of which he later secured eighty acres more, where Mr. and Mrs. George Fowler now reside. He was a shoemaker by trade, but a large part of his time was devoted to farming. Politically, he was a Republican, and belonged to the Friends church. His death occurred on October 5, 1879, and that of his wife on December 31, 1907. Nine children were born to them, two of whom died in childhood, namely: J. B. is retired and living in Hubbard, Iowa; Catherine married H. H. Graham, a farmer of Pleasant Township, Hardin County, Iowa; William is a farmer and also operates a threshing machine in North Dakota; John P. is farming in Tipton township, Hardin County; Francis F. died when twenty-seven years of age, in Hardin county; Mary D., wife of the subject; Ida married S. E. Mills and lives in Ellis township, this county.

The following children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. George Fowler; Mary J. married R. F. Martin, of Providence township; Ida A. married E. L. Gordon, of Tipton township, this county; Ray and Ethel are living at home.

After his marriage Mr. Fowler located on the farm which he now owns and which he has brought up to a high state of cultivation and improvement, having made his home here all the while. He has been very successful as a general farmer and stock raiser and has a good home. Politically he is a Republican, belongs to the Friends church and the Modern Woodmen of America at Hubbard, Iowa.

John Ginther, farmer and stock-raiser, P. O. Tuscarawas, was born in Warwick Township August 18, 1832, and is a son of Christian and Catherine (Corpman) Ginther, both natives of Pennsylvania, and of German descent. His father was a farmer, and came to Ohio when a young man, settling in this county, where he married and had a family of eight children, of whom our subject is the third. He died early in life, and the three sons took charge of the farm, paid off a debt of $600, and provided for the other children, purchasing for them fifty acres of land. Our subject received a common school education, and early in life worked on the Ohio Canal, owning several boats, at which occupation he continued for twenty-one years, during nine seasons of which he was paid $75 per month as Captain. Since that time, he has been a farmer.

In 1858, he was married to Elvina, daughter of Henry Richman; the latter is now in his sixty-eighth year, but still able to work in the harvest field. The children born to this union are five in number, their names as follows: Willard, George, Benjamin, John David and Hiram Franklin. Mrs. Ginther is a member of the Lutheran Church. In politics, Mr. Ginther is a Republican. He owns 123 acres of land, and is a breeder of fine horses. having greatly improved the stock in Warwick Township; he has a colt valued at $500, bought in 1883 of Dillon & Co., Illinois. He also keeps bees, and has on hand twenty-five colonies.

S. S. Ginther, farmer, P. O. Lock 17, was born in this county June 22, 1832, the son of John A. and Lydia (Demuth) Ginther, who were among the earliest pioneers of the county, and came from Pennsylvania. The subject of this sketch was reared to manhood on the farm, receiving what education the common schools afforded.

He was married in 1858, to Mary Demuth born September 30, 1841, and daughter of Daniel and Maria (Simmers) Demuth, who were also among the foremost settlers of the county. The family of our subject consists of nine children: Ella Cora, born September 30, 1859, the wife of Franklin Peter, of this township; Jesse D., born January 8, 1861; and died at the age of thirteen years; Carrie May, born May 7, 1864; Alice C., born September 22, 1866; Ada Belle, born January 1, 1869; Eva Maria, born June 21, 1871; Charles Wesley, born February 19; 1874; Maud Pearl, born August 22, 1876; and Claud Lester, born March 23, 1880. Mr. Ginther was five months in service as a member of the One Hundred and Sixty-first Ohio National Guard, which was stationed in Maryland and Virginia, and was at Shenandoah, Staunton, Lexington, Lynchburg, Sweet Sulphur, White Sulphur Springs, June 28,1864; Harpers Ferry, July 2-5; Maryland Heights, July 5-8; Martinsburg and Shepherdstown. Mr. Ginther is a member of the Moravian Church of which he was Trustee and is Elder at the present time.

Jonas emigrated from Perry County, Pennsylvania to Harrison County before 1823 and married Mary Laler and had issue: Jeremiah who married Mary Long; John; Anna who married William Arbaugh; Jacob who married (1) Eliza Long, and married (2) Ruth Hendrix; Daniel who was born in Rumley Twp. in 1831 and married (1) Amanda Wortman born 1835 and died 1869, daughter of John and Rebecca, and married (2) Elizabeth Wood; Samuel who married (1) Margaret Carr, and married (2) Harriet McClain; Matilda who married Alpheus Lowmiller; Elizabeth who married John Wood; and Katherine who died young.

Although now advanced in years, Harrison H. Graham, one of the leading agriculturists of Pleasant Township, Hardin County, is regarded as one of the most progressive of his community, believing in keeping fully abreast of the times in all matters pertaining to his line of endeavor and in advocating such movements as are calculated to be of general good to the community, therefore he is justly held in the highest esteem by all who know him.

Mr. Graham was born February 25, 1836, in Ashtabula County, Ohio, and he is the son of Joseph and Sarah (Sharp) Graham, the father a native of Canada and the latter of Pennsylvania. For some time they made their home in Ashtabula County, Ohio, and in Hendricks County, Illinois, later moving to Lee County, Iowa, in 1842 or 1843. Mr. Graham entered government land and improved it and lived on the same several years, then moved to Scotland County, Missouri, where he continued to reside for twelve years. He was a good farmer and made a success in life. He and his wife finally returned to Iowa and died at the home of their son, Harrison H. of this review. The father was also a stone mason by trade and worked at this for many years, but not continuously. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. His family consisted of fourteen children.

Harrison H. Graham had little chance to attend school, and he remained at home, assisting with the general work until he was twenty-eight years of age. On September 25, 1863, he married Catherine Knowles, daughter of John Knowles, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this work. This union has been graced by the birth of three children, namely: Edward married Carrie Jones and they live on their farm near Lake Park, Iowa, being the parents of four children, Francis I., Isola May, Rollie and Mabel. Nellie Ann Graham married Orlando Mossman, of Mason City, Iowa, and they have six children, Louisa A., Catharine S., Claude E., Grace F., Claire E. and Freda. Estella D. Graham married Jacob Clingerman, of Pleasant Township, this county, and they have one son, Edward Claire.

After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Graham located in the state of Missouri, where they remained for a time, and then moved to Pleasant Township, Hardin County, Iowa, where Mr. Graham secured eighty acres of prairie land, which he brought up to a high state of improvement and which has yielded him a good income from year to year. He has devoted his entire life to farming and understands well every phase of his line of work. He started out in life in a small way, but by hard work he has been successful. While living in Missouri he served one year as a member of the state militia. Politically he is a Republican and has held some of the township offices of Pleasant Township, giving the utmost satisfaction in each instance. He is a public-spirited man and likes to help improve his community in any way possible.

Few lawyers have made a more lasting impression upon the bar of the state, both for legal ability of a high order and for the individuality of a personal character which impresses itself upon a community, than did Judge Kirk Hawes. Of a family conspicuous for strong intellects, indomitable courage and energy, he entered upon his career as a lawyer and such was his force of character and natural qualifications that he overcame all obstacles and wrote his name upon the keystone of the legal arch of Illinois. Moreover, where the general interests of society were involved through political movements or public projects, he stood for the rights of the whole people, for clean government, for fidelity in office and for the adoption of principles which secure not only temporal welfare but look beyond the exigencies of the moment to the possibilities of the future. His mind, extremely judicial in character, enabled him to understand, as few have done, both sides of a question, and his opinions therefore partook of the nature. of a judicial judgment. He came to Chicago in the year which chronicled the close of the Civil war-at that time a young man of twenty-six years. His birth had occurred at Brookfield, Worcester county, Massachusetts, on the 5th of January, 1839, his parents being Preston and Fanny (OIes) Hawes. He was descended from one of the old American families, his great-grandfather having been a minuteman of the Revolutionary war. His father, who devoted his life to farming, was a man of keen intellect whose opinions constituted an influencing factor over public thought and action in his community. l\:Irs. Mary Jane Holmes, the well known novelist, was a sister of Judge Hawes, and the intimate and affectionate relations that existed between them and the others of the family throughout all the years was a strong feature of their lives, each rej oicing in the success and prominence of the other.

Farm life with its experiences and the acquirement of an education in the public schools claimed the attention of Judge Hawes until he reached the age of fourteen years, when, desiring to see something of the world, he went to sea, his first voyage taking him from Boston to Hong Kong. As a member of the crew of one of the American clipper ships he visited all of the principal seaports of the world, gaining thereby a broad and intimate knowledge of lands and people and gathering the experience which enabled him in later years to correctly judge of men and their motives. Three years were devoted to seafaring life, during which time there came to him a recognition of the need of a more liberal education and after completing a preparatory course he entered Williams College, therein continuing his studies until after the outbreak of the Civil war. He was at that time in his junior year. The spirit of patriotism burned bright within him and putting aside his text-books, he raised a company, of which he became first lieutenant. Enlistments, however, were slow and, relinquishing his commission, he went to Boston, where he joined the Forty-second Massachusetts Infantry as a private. The regiment was assigned to the command of General Banks and participated in the Red River campaign and later in the siege of Vicksburg, resulting in the surrender of that city on the 4th of July, 1863.

Judge Hawes was then honorably discharged and, resuming his studies in Williams College, completed the classical course in 1864 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In the meantime he had determined upon the practice of law as his life work and he pursued his reading for a year under the direction of the firm of Baker & Aldrich, leading attorneys of Worcester, Massachusetts. He continued his studies in the law office of Waite, Towne & Clark of Chicago, arriving in this city in 1865, and the following year, passing the required examination, was admitted to the bar. Soon afterward he became a partner in the law firm of Hawes & Helm, a relation that was maintained until early in 1871. He then formed a partnership with an old classmate and former law student of Worcester under the firm name of Hawes & Lawrence, this association being maintained until Mr. Hawes was elected judge of the superior court of Cook county in 1880. The morning after the great fire of 1871 the law firm of Hawes & Lawrence is said to have had the only law library in Chicago-about one thousand volumes which were saved from the flames by the large fireproof vault of their Clark street offices. He came to his profession with good equipment, bringing to the starting point of his legal career eloquence of language and a strong personality, combined with those qualities indispensable to the lawyer-a keen, rapid, logical mind, plus business sense, and a ready capacity for hard work. The thoroughness with which he prepared his cases, the analytical trend of his mind and the readiness with which he grasped the points of an argument combined to make him a strong advocate, while his broad legal learning was a salient feature in his ability as a counselor.

He came into the public life of Chicago at a time when practically every citizen took a deep interest in political affairs, when the policy of the nation was as yet unformulated owing to the exigencies of civil war. He became a student of the signs of the times, of the great and grave problems which confronted the people:, and his keen insight and clear opinions placed him with the leaders of the republican party, the principles of which he strongly espoused. He continued ever an interested student of the vital questions of the day and in the presidential campaign of 1880 was associated with Robert G. Ingersoll, Leonard Swett, Emery A. Storrs and other prominent Illinois republicans, in an organized opposition to the nomination of President Grant for a third term, resulting in the seating of the contesting Illinois delegates, whereby the final result in the national convention was brought about. This led to Judge Hawes receiving the indorsement of Wilbur F. Storey, editor of that strong democratic organ, the Chicago Times, when the former became a candidate for judicial honors, and the influence of the paper secured to him a strong democratic support that combined with the republican vote which was naturally given him, gained for him the largest majority of any of the judicial candidates, running far ahead of his ticket. Reelection continued him on the bench from 1880 until 1892 and he was then defeated in the democratic landslide of the latter year. In this connection it has been written of him: "It was as judge of the superior court that the strong individuality of Judge Hawes and his exceptional abilities as a lawyer and student reached their greatest usefulness, as the records of the many important cases he was called upon to try during these twelve years most conclusively show. In the performance of the exacting judicial duties of that high office, at a time when there were fewer judges than we now have, he was, as he ever had been, a hard worker. Business -in his court was always dispatched with promptness and yet with that care that 'made for justice, as clearly appears from the decisions of the courts of last resort in Illinois when his decisions as a trial judge were presented for review. -Abrupt in manner, he was ever an attentive listener to both sides of controversy and would without the slightest hesitation brush aside the mere technicalities of the law~ for which he had much less respect than for substantial merits. He had strong convictions of what was right and wrong and was entirely fearless of criticism and public opinion when he believed he was right. These characteristics - were frequently the subj ect of comment, both at the bar and in the public prints, - from one of which the following is quoted: 'A few more men like Judge Kirk Hawes, with intelligent opinions and backbone enough to enforce them, are needed on the bench when matters of public import like the election fraud cases come to trial.' It is a matter of local history that his prompt and thorough investigation of a jury:..bribing plot in his court that affected several men in high places not only won for him the thanks and respect of the public but effectually put a stop to such corruption in Chicago for some twenty years."

Had Judge Hawes' activities never reached beyond the field of jurisprudence his great work in that line would entitle him to grateful remembrance and honors. In other connections, however, he sought the benefit of the public and his efforts were resultant. An interested and active member of the Grand Army of the Republic, he was untiring in his efforts to secure for the federal soldiers and Chicago the public library site and the Soldiers' Memorial Hall on what was formerly Dearborn Park. He accomplished his end after years of hard work and special legislation at Washington and Springfield, and there now hangs in the memorial hall a splendid painting of Judge Hawes -a fitting tribute to the memory of one through whose efforts the building came into existence. He was prominently mentioned as an available republican candidate for governor of Illinois but his ambition was not in the field of office-holding. He was a prominent member of the Union League, Marquette and Twentieth Century Clubs of Chicago and at one time a member of the Calumet Club but afterward withdrew. He also belonged to the Les Cheneaux Club near Mackinac Island, of which he was president, his summer home being on Marquette Island. He was a charter member of the Chicago Bar Association and his real standing at the bar is perhaps best indicated in the high regard and honor entertained for him by his fellow members of the profession.

On the 26th of June, 1871, Judge Hawes was married to Miss Helen E. Dunham, a daughter of John H. and Elizabeth (Hills) Dunham, who in 1844 came to Chicago, where Mr. Dunham was long prominent in mercantile circles and as the first president of the Merchants Loan & Trust Company. To Judge and Mrs. Hawes were born a son and three daughters: John Dunham; Florence, the wife of Arthur J. Chivers, of London, England; Levanche D.; and Fanny V. Judge Hawes greatly enjoyed outdoor life and after retiring from the bench sojourned several months of each year at his summer home on Marquette Island. He was an admirer of art and a lover of music and could play almost any instrument. Because of the innate refinement of his nature he rejected everything opposed to good taste. The simplicity of his daily life, as seen in his home and family relations, constituted an even balance to 'his splendid intellectual powers, resulting in the attainment of eminence in connection with the practice of law. His memory was exceptionally retentive and his conversation was often enriched by allusion to his experiences as a seaman in early life, and in later years he became an authority and ready writer and lecturer on the ancient history of Egypt and the Holy Land, to the study of which he devoted much time. He was a prominent member of the Second Presbyterian church yet his views on religion were liberal and he realized that no one organization contained all the truth but that all were seeking to understand and interpret the purposes of life fully and truthfullu. He died September 8, 1904, only a few moments after expressing his appreciation of the beauty of the autumnal foliage and of the expanse of the waters of Lake Huron. His life was rich in its friendships and he held friendship inviolable. While his interest centered in his home, he had that breadth of character which enabled him to understand and sympathize with humanity and even in his. work in the courts he would rather stimulate the individual to better efforts than to condemn. In this way he often tempered justice with mercy and made the law stand for its highest purpose-that of reclaiming and saving the individual.

Jacob was born in the town of West Huntington, Moreland County, Pennsylvania, June 21, 1815, where he remained until 1841; then went to Washington County, same state, remaining two years. In 1853 he located in Wood County, Ohio, and soon after removed to Hancock County, where he was engaged in farming.

In 1856 he came to the town of Tipton, Hardin County, Iowa, settling on section 36, buying a farm of 120 acres. He has held the office of Justice of the Peace twelve years. He was married March 6, 1840, to Eliza Craven, who was born December 25, 1821, in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. They have had born to them six children, five of whom are living: William Franklin, born July 1, 1841, killed at battle of Shiloh April 6, 1862; Peter D., born January 21, 1843; C. F., born November 7, 1844; Margaret, born June 21, 1846; Edward R., born March 20, 1851; George W., born September 3, 1855; all born in Pennsylvania but George W., who was born in Ohio.

Andrew H. Kalb, son of Absalom and Susannah (Larkin) Kalb, was born in the city of Frederick, in the county of Frederick, Maryland, to which place his father moved soon after his marriage in 1809, and where the subject of this sketch was born January 20, 1812, from whence he moved with his parents and three brothers, in the spring of 1817, to Loudon county, Virginia, and in 1819, to Smithsburg, in Washington county, Maryland, and thence to Trough Creek Valley, Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, in the fall of 1822, and thence, in 1827, to Franklin county, Pennsylvania, and thence back to Loudon county, Virginia, in the spring of 1830, remaining with his parents and brothers, assisting in farm operations, and received a common school education, as the winter seasons gave him opportunity, till about the age of nineteen. He learned the business of saddlery and harness making, at which he continued for eleven years.

He was married in Loudon county, Virginia, in the year 1836, to Ann James, daughter of Elijah James, and was born in the same county March 17, 1811, after which he changed his occupation and engaged in farming in the same county till the year 1850, when he moved with his family to Sangamon county, Illinois, whither his father and mother, with four brothers and one sister, had preceded him in the previous fall. Here the subject of this sketch tilled a part of a large tract of land owned by his father on the south fork of the Sangamon river, about five miles south of east of the city of Springfield, till about the year 1855. He purchased one hundred and thir