Family History

Origins of

the Surname

Variations of

the Surname

Armorial Bearings

and Motto(es)

Ancestral Lineage

Researching

by Location

Migrations of the

American Family

Source Documents

Gen-Resources

Family Images Gallery

Contact Information

Family history

     Anna Margaretta Jacobs was born 1769 in York County.  It is believed that she is the daughter of Philip Jacobs and Mary Gartner (Gardner).   This Jacobs family may be descendents of any of the Jacobs families who emigrated from Germany to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the first half of the 18^th century*.  Of particular interest are the Jacobs who immigrated in 1738.  The family of a Philip Jacobs, born c. 1696 arrived on September 9, 1738 at Philadelphia, on the ship “Glasgow”.  Hans Jakob Jacob, born 1722, who is presumed to be his son, is also listed on this passenger list.     Michael Jacob, born c. 1718 also arrived in the same year and may be another son.  This Philip Jacobs could be the grandfather of the aforementioned Anna Margaretta and her brother Phillip Jacobs.    Another 1738 arrival was a Christoph Wendel Jacoby who was imported in the ship “Nancy and Friendship.” This person may be the same Christopher Jacob listed in the 1800 census as living in York County.

     Around 1788 Anna Margaretta married George Abel a native of Windsor Township**.  Anna gave birth to ten known children between 1789 and 1811.  Research in the 1790 census shows a Philip Jacobs in Windsor Township, who is most likely a brother of Anna Margaretta.  Also in close proximity to the aforementioned Phillip Jacobs is the household of George Abel (Abell)      I am descended through her daughter Elizabeth Abel who was born in 1803.   Anna lived the remainder of her life in Lower Windsor Township.  She passed away in 1852 at the age of 82 years.

* see “Migrations of the American Family” for additional names of Jacobs immigrants during this time

** most records name Lower Windsor Township as the place of birth and death. Lower Windsor Township was not established until 1838 from the eastern half of Windsor Township.  Thus all records of events prior to 1838 would be in Windsor Township.  Windsor township was established in 1758, from York Township, and prior to this it was in Hellam (Hallam) Township York County up to 1753, Hellam Township Lancaster county up to 1749.

Origins of the surname

An Introduction

to the Surname

Source/Meaning

of the Surname

History of

the Surname

More About Surnames

An Introduction to the Surname

The practice of inherited family surnames began in England and France during the late part of the 11^th century.   Surnames were first utilized in the Germanic region of central Europe during the second half of the 12th century.  The custom of taking on surnames began in the southern areas of Germany, and gradually spread northward during the Middle Ages.  It took about three hundred years for this tradition to apply to most families and become a constant part of one’s identity. 

     With the passing of generations and the movement of families from place to place many of the original identifying names were altered into some of the versions that we are familiar with today.  Over the centuries, most of our European ancestors accepted their surname as an unchangeable part of their lives.  Thus people rarely changed their surname.  Variations of most surnames were usually the result of an involuntary act such as when a government official wrote a name phonetically or made an error in transcription.  Research into the record of this Jacobs family line indicates that the variations, meanings and history of this surname are most likely linked to that area of Europe where German linguistic traditions are commonly found

Source(s) & Meaning(s) of the Surname

Most modern German family names are a means conveying lineage.  For the most part, German surnames were developed from four major sources: (1) Patronymic & Matronymic surnames most common in northern Germany are based on a parent’s first name, such as Niklas Albrecht (Niklas son of Albrecht);  (2) occupational surnames are last names based on the person’s job or trade for example Lukas Fischer (Lukas the Fisherman);  (3) descriptive surnames are based on a unique quality or physical feature of the individual like Karl Braun (Karl with brown hair); (4) geographical surnames are derived from the location of the homestead from which the first bearer and his family lived such as Leon Meer (Leon from by the sea), or derived from the state, region, or village of the first bearer's origin for example Paul Cullen (Paul from Koeln/Cologne).

Jacobs is a patronymic surname of Jewish and English origin. It comes from the personal name Jacob.   The name Jacob is found in many languages including German, French, and Dutch.  It is a derivative, via Latin of Jacobus, from the Hebrew personal name ya‘aqobh (Yaakov).  In the Bible, this is the name of the younger twin brother of Esau (Genesis 25:26), who took advantage of the latter’s hunger and impetuousness to persuade him to part with his birthright ‘for a mess of potage’. The name is traditionally interpreted as coming from Hebrew akev ‘heel’, and Jacob is said to have been born holding on to Esau’s heel.  In English Jacob and James are now regarded as quite distinct names, but they are of identical origin, and in most European languages the two names are not distinguished.

History of the Surname

     The Jacobs surname dates back to the mid 13th Century.  The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Agnes Jacobes which was dated 1244, in the "Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia".  Germans with this surname were first found in Silesia, where the name was an integral part of a feudal society that would shape modern European history.   This Germanic surname appeared quite early into the former British colonies of North America, especially William Penn’s Province of Pennsylvania.  One reason for this was that after the prince of the Electorate of Hanover, in Germany also became king of England in 1715, German emigration to America was greatly encouraged. 

     The Jacobs German name does tend to be confused with the English versions due to the fact that name from both countries is often in the same spelling, which is perhaps not surprising as they share similar pre 7th century "Anglo-Saxon" roots.   Many of these German immigrants, particularly those with easy English equivalents, were encouraged and in some cases required to change to an English spelling.   Also many German surnames were re-spelled in America because of the close relationship between the English and German languages.     This was the case with many sea captains or their agents who, when making up the ships passenger lists, found it easier to use a more familiar English spelling.   Also after the start of World War One, Germans in the United States, in great numbers, Anglicized their names in an effort to remove all doubt as to their patriotism.

     Notable persons having this surname are: Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Jacobs (1764–1847);  Herbert Jacobs, American journalist and inventor of Jacobs Method for Crowd Measurement;  Jack H. Jacobs, Medal of Honor recipient;  Joseph Jacobs, folklorist, literary critic and historian; and Steve Jacobs, an Australian actor. 

     Today about 511 persons per million in the United States have the Jacobs surname.  The heaviest concentration of the name is found in Vermont.  In Germany almost 214 persons per million have the this surname.    The most significant clustering of the name is found in throughout northern Germany.

Variations of the surname

Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to unfold and expand often leading to an overwhelming number of variants.  As such one can encounter great variation in the spelling of surnames because in early times, spelling in general and thus the spelling of names was not yet standardized.  Later on spellings would change with the branching and movement of families.  Spelling variations of this family name include:  Jacobsen, Jacobson, Jacobs, Jacobse, Jacob, Jacober, Jacobi, Jacobie, Jacoby, Jacobsohn, Jacobssohn, Jakobs, Jakober, Jakobsohn, Jacobsson, Jakobsson, Jakobssohn, Jakobsen, Jakobi, Jakobson, Jakobie,  and many others.   

The complexity of researching records is compounded by the fact that in many cases an ancestors surname may also have been misspelled.  This is especially true when searching census documents.   The Soundex Indexing System was developed in an effort to assist with identifying spelling variations for a given surname.  Soundex is a method of indexing names in the 1880, 1900, 1910, and 1920 US Census, and can aid genealogists in their research.  The Soundex Code for Jacobs is J212.  Other surnames sharing this Soundex Code:  JACOBS | JACOBSEN | JACOBSON | JACOBUS | JOSEPHSON | . 

Searching for more Information about this and other surnames?

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Coat of arms

In the Middle Ages heraldry came into use as a practical matter. It originated in the devices used to distinguish the armored warriors in tournament and war, and was also placed on seals as marks of identity. As far as records show, true heraldry began in the middle of the 12th century, and appeared almost simultaneously in several countries of Western Europe.  Heraldry spread to the German burgher class in the 13th century, and even some peasants used arms in the 14th century.

Coat-of Arms

Image Gallery

Descriptions of the

Armorial Bearings

Motto(es) of

this Surname

More About Hearldic Bearings

Image gallery

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Fig. 15

ARMORIAL BEARINGS

The associated armorial bearings for this surname and close variant spellings are recorded in Burke’s General Armorie and Reitstap’s Armorial General.  The additional information, presented below, is offered with regard to the armorial bearings depicted above:

FIGURE 1: This shield is from the arms granted to a Jacob from the Duchy of Lorraine who was given a title in 1628.  

FIGURE 2: These armorial bearings belong to Jacob of Dover, in Kent County, England.  This Jacob line descends  from John Jacob of Dover, who died in 1627, his grandson, Sir Abraham Jacob, Governor of Walmer Castle, was knighted at Windsor Castle, June, 1683. The same coat-of-arms are used by the descendents William Jacob, Esquire of Tolpuddle, in Dorset County and Sir Robert Jacob, Attorney-General for Ireland, knighted at Christ Church, 5 Nov. 1601, second son of Robert Jacob, Esq., of Bockhampton, in Dorset County, who was second son of the aforementioned William Jacob, Esq., of Tolpiddle.  These arms feature a gold shield with a red canton containing a golden eagle. The crest shows a rampant gold lion rising supporting a red cross. 

 FIGURE 3: This coat-of-arms was granted to Jacobé de Frémont of the former French province of Langeudoc. The gold shield contains a fer-de-moline, or mill-rind.

FIGURE 4: The coat-of-arms featuring a black Lion on a silver shield was granted to a Jacob of Schiedam a city and municipality in the province of South Holland in the Netherlands.

FIGURE 5: These arms were granted to a Jacobi of Holland.

FIGURE 6: This coat of arms has been attributed to a Jacob of Poland.

FIGURE 7: This coat of arms has been attributed to a Jacob or Jacobi of Germany. The silver shield with a red Maltese cross is found in the armorial bearings of several Prussian families most notably the arms granted in 1788 to the Baron Jacobi-Klöst of Hohenfinow.

FIGURE 8: This shield depicts the arms of Jacobs from Ripple, Kent County, England. 

FIGURE 9: This coat-of-arms is believed to belong to a Jacobs of England.  These arms show a silver shield with a red chevron between three heraldic heads of an animal usually described as a maned and tusked tiger.  The armorial bearing of the following persons incorporate this design: (1) Lieutenant William Jacob, who, in 1667, received a grant of Sigginstown and other lands in Wexford County, Ireland; (2)  Jacob of Newhall, in Oxfordshire; and  Sir John Jacob who in 1666 became the first Baronet of  Bromley and Bow, in  Middlesex County, England

FIGURE 10: These armorial bearings were granted to a Jacobs of Amsterdam.  The silver shield features a red tower with a blue pointed roof. 

FIGURE 11:  This coat-of-arms belongs to a Jacobs of England.  The silver shield contains a black greyhound and an ermine canton. The crest is of a bowed armored arm grasping a sword by the blade.

FIGURE 12: These arms are registered as being granted to a Jacobsen of Denmark.

FIGURE 13: This shield is part of the arms granted a Jacobskjold of Sweden.  This person was given a noble title in 1605 and the coat-of-arms was registered in 1645.  A Jacobs of Brussels, Belgium has similar arms but with gold shells.

FIGURE 14: This coat-of-arms were granted to a Jacobson of Denmark.

FIGURE 15: These armorial bearings have been attributed to a Jacobson of Sweden.  Similar arms with a gold shell were granted to a Jacobsen of Denmark.

MOTTO(ES)  

     A motto is a word or sentence usually written upon a scroll and generally placed below the shield, but sometimes, especially in Scotland, above the crest.    Many ancient mottoes were war-cries such as the Douglas motto of “Forward.”    Many mottoes refer to the name of the bearer, for example “cole regem” for Coleridge.   In general most mottoes convey a sentiment, hope, or determination, such as the Cotter motto “Dum spiro spero” where the meaning is “While I have breath I hope“.     Mottoes are often used by several successive generations, but may be changed at any time by the grantee. The languages most in use are Latin, French, and English.  Exceptions are seen in Scotland where they are often in the old Lowland dialect, and in Wales, often in the language of the principality.    

 The following listed mottoes and their translations are attributed to JACOBS:

  Non nobis solum - Not for ourselves alone;  Parta tueri - Defend your acquisitions;  Tantum in superbos - Only against the proud

Heraldic bearings

The art of designing, displaying, describing, and recording arms is called heraldry. The use of coats of arms by countries, states, provinces, towns and villages is called civic heraldry.   A Coat of Arms is defined as a group of emblems and figures (heraldic bearings) usually arranged on and around a shield and serving as the special insignia of some person, family, or institution.  Except for a few cases, there is really no such thing as a standard "coat of arms" for a surname.  A coat of arms, more properly called an armorial achievement, armorial bearings or often just arms for short, is a design usually granted only to a single person not to an entire family or to a particular surname.  Coats of arms are inheritable property, and they generally descend to male lineal descendents of the original arms grantee.  The rules and traditions regarding Coats of Arms vary from country to country. Therefore a Coat of Arms for an English family would differ from that of a German family even when the surname is the same. 

Some of the more prominent elements incorporated into a  coat of arms are :

Crest - The word crest is often mistakenly applied to a coat of arms.  The crest was a later development arising from the love of pageantry.  Initially the crest consisted of charges painted onto a ridge on top of the helmet.

Wreath or Torse – The torse is a twist of cloth or wreath underneath and part of a crest. Always shown as six twists, the first tincture being the tincture of the field, the second the tincture of the metal, and so on.

Mantling – The mantling is a drapery tied to the helmet above the shield. It forms a backdrop for the shield.

Helm or Helmet - The helmet or helm is situated above the shield and bears the torse and crest. The style of helmet displayed varies according to rank and social status, and these styles developed over time, in step with the development of actual military helmets.

Shield or Arms - The basis of all coats of arms.  At their simplest, arms consist of a shield with a plain field on which appears a geometrical shape or object.  The items appearing on the shield are known as charges.

Motto - The motto was originally a war cry, but later mottoes often expressed some worthy sentiment. It may appear at the top or bottom of a family coat of arms.

Direct ancestors

Descendant Register

Generation 1

Philip Jacobs Sr.-1. He died on Abt. 1790 in York County, Pennsylvania. He married Mary Gartner on Bef. 1769 in York County, Pennsylvania. She was born on Abt. 1747 in Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania. She died in York County, Pennsylvania.

Children of Philip Jacobs Sr. and Mary Gartner are:

2.                  i.         Anna Margaretta Jacobs, B: 17 Dec 1769 in Windsor Twp., York Co.,  Pennsylvania, D: 04 Apr 1852 in Lower Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania,  M: Abt. 1788 in Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania.

3.                  ii.        Philip Jacobs Jr., B: 1772 in Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania, D: 1819 in  Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania.

Generation 2

Anna Margaretta Jacobs-2(Philip Jacobs Sr.-1) was born on 17 Dec 1769 in Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania. She died on 04 Apr 1852 in Lower Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania. She married George Abel on Abt. 1788 in Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania, son of Johan George Abel and Maria Catherine Boyer. He was born on 16 Nov 1769 in Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania. He died on 06 Mar 1828 in Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania.

Children of Anna Margaretta Jacobs and George Abel are:

i.                   Heinrich Abel, B: 26 Nov 1789 in Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania.

ii.                 Johan George Abel, B: 28 Mar 1791 in Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania;  Lower Windsor Twp. est. 1838, D: Lower Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania,  M: Christ Lutheran Church, York, (York Co.), Pennsylvania.

iii.               Catharina Abel, B: 27 May 1793 in Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania, D: 27 Apr 1874 in York County, Pennsylvania, M: 27 Oct 1812 in (Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church), York, York Co., PA.

iv.               Peter Abel, B: 05 Nov 1795 in Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania; Lower  Windsor Twp. est. 1838, D: 21 Oct 1869 in Lower Windsor Twp., York Co.,  Pennsylvania, M: 17 Sep 1820 in Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania; Lower  Windsor Twp. est.1838.

v.                 Sara Abel, B: 23 Feb 1798 in Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania; Lower Windsor Twp. est. 1838, D: York Co., Pennsylvania, M: 30 Oct 1817 in York Co., Pennsylvania.

vi.               Johannes Abel, B: 19 Sep 1800 in Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania, D: 15 Aug 1865 in Lower Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania, M: York Co., Pennsylvania.

vii.             Elisabeth Abel, B: 15 Apr 1803 in York County, Pennsylvania, D: 07 Dec 1850 in York County, Pennsylvania, M: 18 Apr 1822 in York Co., Pennsylvania.

viii.           Mary Abel, B: 29 Dec 1805 in Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania; Lower  Windsor Twp. est.1838, M: Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania; Lower  Windsor Twp. est.1838.

ix.              Jacob Abel, B: 03 Feb 1807 in Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania, D: Lower Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania, M: 13 Dec 1827 in Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania.

x.                Anna Maria Abel, B: 27 Jan 1811 in Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania.

Additional information about our DIRECT ANCESTORS    as  well  as  a  complete 

listing of individuals with this surname may be reviewed by clicking on this LINK.

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Ancestral locations

Researching the locations where our ancestors lived has provided us with valuable evidence needed to fill-in the gaps in our family trees.  It has also led us to many interesting facts that enhance the overall picture of each family group.

Locations of

Direct Ancestors

Locational Distribution

of  this Surname

Where In the World

are my Ancestors?

Locatiof Direct Ancestors

The names of states and counties on the following list were derived from the known places where the Direct Ancestors in the “Ancestral Lineage” (see above) were born, married, and / or died.

COUNTRY

STATE

COUNTY / SUBDIVISION

GERMANY?

UNITED STATES

Pennsylvania

York County

Use this LINK to find out more about the locations listed above.

ANCESTRAL LOCATIONS

Locational distributionstors

     Knowing the geographical areas where the surname you are researching is clustered and distributed is an indispensable tool in deciding where to focus your research.  We believe that the “Public Profiler” website will open up to you a wide range of solutions which implement current research in spatial analysis.  This site provides an array of local spatial information tools useful to the genealogist.

          The information presented below shows where the Jacobs surname is distributed within the United States as well as in Germany, the probable country of origin of this family.   Belguim is found to be the country in the world where this surname is the most highly clustered having almost 1,605 persons per million of population.  

United States of America

Key

European Country of Origin

Click on the LINK to the right to see more information about the World distribution of a surname.  You can

get greater detail for any of the following maps by clicking on the area, i.e state, county that you are interested in.

Wjere are my ancestors Ancestors

Resources which enhance our knowledge of the places inhabited by our ancestors are almost as important as their names. The LINK to the right will take you to Maps, Gazetteers,   and  other  helpful   resources 

that will assist in discovering Ancestral Locations.  These web sites comprise only a small portion of what is available for researchers interested in learning more about where their ancestors lived.

Migration routes

       Tracing our own family’s paths of migration can prove crucial in identifying previous generations and eventually, figuring out where and how they arrived in the “New World” as well as where they eventually settled.  Knowing the network of trails American pioneers traveled can help you guess where to start looking.  The trail map(s) provided below may assist you in understanding the routes that our direct ancestors of this family may have taken to find new homes and opportunities in the vast area now encompassed by the United States.

      During the 17^th, 18^th and 19^th centuries hundreds of thousands of Europeans made the perilous ocean voyage to America.  For many it was an escape from economic hardship and religious persecution.  For most it was an opportunity to start over, own their own land, and make a better future for their descendents.  Immigration records show a number of people bearing the name of Jacobs, or one of its variants, as arriving in North America between the 17^th and 20^th centuries.  Some of these immigrants were:  Jurgen Jacobs, who settled in Germantown, Pennsylvania in 1683 along with many other members of this family. Christian Jacob came to America in 1709; as did John Jacobi in the same year, while Johannes Jackobi came to Philadelphia in 1753. Wendell Jacobie came to Philadelphia in 1733.  Others with the surname who arrived at Philadelphia  are Hans Jacob, 1736; Stephan Jacob, 1736; Hans Georg Jacob, born c. 1714, arrived 1741;  Peter Jacob, 1741; and Johan Jacob, 1743.  In addition it appears the family of a Philip Jacobs, born c. 1696 arrived on September 9, 1738 at Philadelphia, on the ship “Glasgow”.  Hans Jakob Jacob, born 1722, who is presumed to be his son is also listed on this passenger list.     Michael, Jacob, born c. 1718 also arrived in the same year.  Another 1738 arrival was a Christoph Wendel Jacoby who was imported in the ship “Nancy and Friendship.”

Use the following links to find more early immigrants with this surname:

$ Search Ancestry.com Immigration Records; or Free Ship’s Passenger lists at OliveTreeGenealogy.com

Migration of the Jacobs Family

It is understood that in many if not all cases we do not know exactly what routes our ancestors took as they migrated throughout the United States.   As such certain assumptions have been utilized to re-create the migration path presented below.  With regard to 18^th and 19^th century land routes we assume that they travelled along few trails and roads that were in existence at the time.  Research shows that a great many of these old paths and trails are today designated as U.S. Highway Routes.  For example, a major east-west route of migration known as the National Road is now U.S. Route 40, and a primary north-south migration route of the 18^th century followed the Great Indian War and Trading Path is now U.S. Route 11.  In some situations the re-created migration route may travel along state routes that connect or run through the seat of a county as that populated place is probably the oldest settlement in the area. The use of water as a migration route is also likely.  For example, during the late 18^th and early 19^th centuries many families travelled west on the Ohio River as they moved on the new lands in Missouri or the Old Northwest Territory.  As such when applicable water routes have been included as the possible migration route.    

It is most likely that the progenitor of this family migrated from southwestern Germany to the Province of Pennsylvania prior to the American Revolution.  They probably arrived during the third great wave of German immigrants between 1727 and 1776.  The ship on which they travelled across the Atlantic Ocean have likely arrived at the port of Philadelphia. From here the immigrants would eventually move west to out of Philadelphia along the route known as the Philadelphia Wagon Road.  Today this route follows U.S. Route 30 in Pennsylvania.   The road passed through the towns of Lancaster and York in southeastern Pennsylvania.   Eventually they would settle into the township of Windsor located in the eastern part of York County, Pennsylvania.

Source documents

The documents contained within this “Source Documents Archives” have been located during our research of this family, and used as evidence to prove many of the facts contained within the database of this family’s record.   Use the LINKS below to view our collection.

·      Philip Jacobs  (1800 Census)

·       

This Link will take you to our

archive of source documents.  

You are welcome to download any of the documents contained within this archive that does not cite a copyright.  Should you encounter a problem obtaining a copy you may get in touch with us via the contact information found at the end of this web-page.

     Most of these documents can be considered as primary or secondary evidence.  Primary evidence is usually defined as the best available to prove the fact in question, usually in an original document or record.  Secondary evidence is in essence all that evidence which is inferior in its origin to primary evidence. That does not mean secondary evidence is always in error, but there is a greater chance of error.  Examples of this type of evidence would be a copy of an original record, or oral testimony of a record’s contents.  Published genealogies and family histories are also secondary evidence.

     Classifying evidence as either primary or secondary does not tell anything about its accuracy or ultimate value.  This is especially true of secondary evidence.  Thus it is always a good idea to ask the following questions: (1) How far removed from the original is it, (when it is a copy)?; (2) What was the reason for the creation of the source which contains this evidence?; and (3) Who was responsible for creating this secondary evidence and what interest did they have in its accuracy?

SOURCE:  Greenwood, Val D., The Researcher’s Guide to American Genealogy, 2^nd edition, Genealogical Publishing  Co., Baltimore, MD 21202, 1990, pgs. 62-63

Web resources

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·             Your genealogy research of this surname can be facilitated by use of Surname Web. This website links to the majority of the surname data on the web, as well as to individual family trees, origin and surname meaning if known, and many other related genealogy resources. 

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Free Records & Databases

All of the records and databases we’ve collected are FREE and can be accessed and searched online without having to pay for a subscription.   We have divided our collected into 14 record types as follows: Biographical; Birth; Cemetery; Census & City Directories; Church; Court; Death; Immigration & Naturalization; Land; Marriage; Military; Newspapers; Occupational; and Tax Records.    We try not to list any sites that have only a few records for the purpose of getting you to a website that will charge a fee to actually see the record beyond just a name.  

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Images gallery

During our research we have collected images and photographs that are of general interest to a particular family.  Some of them are presented on this website because we believe they tend to provide the reader with additional information which may aid in the understanding of our ancestors past lives.

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Contact Information

Email

Snail Mail:

Fred
889 Dante Ct.
Mantua, NJ 08051

USA

Updated 01 April 2011

Email

Snail Mail:

Fred
889 Dante Ct.
Mantua, NJ 08051

USA