K1000 Geographical Supplement

MTDNA HAPLOGROUP K

MITOSEARCH SURVEY AT 1000 ENTRIES

GEOGRAPHICAL SUPPLEMENT

CHARTS AND MAPS

Charts and maps will be added to this document in the future, so check back periodically.

1. Country Percent: This bar chart shows the relative percentage of the high-resolution entries from the K1000 Survey of MitoSearch by European ancestral origin. Of the 454 high-resolution entries, 232 identified a European origin. The numbers for total entries per country on MitoSearch were not available, so I used the totals of FTDNA kits by listed country of origin. Since there are fewer MitoSearch entries than kits, the percentages are too low by a factor of at least two. However, the relative percentages between countries should be fairly accurate. No claim is made that the MitoSearch entries are representative of historical or current populations of the various countries. As an example, immigration to the USA, where the majority of FTDNA customers no doubt live, from Belarus is probably very high in Ashkenazi Jews. Since their immigration was fairly recent, their descendants are able to list a country of origin. The percentages of K for the British Isles would probably be higher except that many of the descendants have no knowledge of their maternal ancestral country of origin. K Project member Vincent Vizachero has created a map showing the actual frequency of K in Europe from data in the Richards 2000 and Helgason 2001 papers. Two formats are available, PDF and PNG.

2. Major Subclade Percentages: This pie chart shows how the 454 high-resolution K entries are divided into the four major “supersubclades.” The 2% not classified are often those who tested with other companies than FTDNA, so defining mutations may not be shown.

3. Detailed Subclade Percentages: This pie chart shows how the entries are divided into lower-level subclades. K1a+ means that the slice includes all those in K1a* plus those in lower K1a subclades not otherwise assigned. K1b+ and K1c+ have similar meanings. Usually that ambiguity is because certain lower subclades are defined only by coding-region mutations. K1a10 is my temporary label for the large cluster, not on Dr. Doron Behar’s K chart, with mutation 16048A. Pre-K1a10 is my term for those in K1a with mutation 195C and one or more pairs of 524 insertions, but without 16048A. Similarly, Pre-K1a9 is my term for those in K1a with mutation 195C, no 524 insertions, but without the 16524G mutation which defines K1a9. My interest in the group in K1a with 195C stems from the fact that it includes 18% of K. Note that the three Ashkenazi subclades as defined by Behar, K1a1b1a, K1a9 and K2a2a, combine for 19% of the total.

4. K1a Subclades with 195C: This four-subclade bar chart shows the raw counts for the subclades of K1a which have 195C as defined above: Pre-K1a9, K1a9, Pre-K1a10 and K1a10. Only entries which list European countries of origin are included. Except for Poland and England, Pre-K1a9 does not appear in the same countries as K1a9. The former apparently continued on a northerly route, while K1a9 traveled with the other Ashkenazi subclades to Eastern Europe. Poland is a crossroads country for K, while England appears to have had a variety of immigrants in recent history. K1a10 has, by a large margin, its largest count and percentage in Ireland, which is why I consider that county its origin. Ireland also has a high count and percentage for K1a10’s “parent” Pre-K1a10. In contrast, England and the Scandinavian countries Norway and Sweden have K1a10, but not Pre-K1a10. To me, this demonstrates that the gene flow for K1a10 was from Ireland out, not the other way. To repeat, Pre-K1a10 and K1a10 have one or more pairs of position 524 insertions, while Pre-K1a9 and K1a9 do not have them. K1a9 and K1a10 never have position 309 insertions.